Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang
Internet is network of networks which comprises a large scale network that connects millions of computers Each network provides various information resources and services that can be accessed through internet According to Internet World Stats a total of 1.997 billion internet users all over the world
1958 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) telah diwujudkan untuk menerajui dalam sains dan teknologi berkait dengan ketenteraan
1969 ARPANET, satu projek network, telah diwujudkan menghubungkan penyelidik di US. ARPANET terdiri daripada 4 komputer utama terletak di University of Carlifornia, Los Angeles, University of Carlifornia, Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute, dan University of Utah.
1970 ARPANET hosts mula menggunakan Network Control Protocol (NCP).
1973 Sambungan antarabangsa pertama ke ARPANET: University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)
Ethernet, rankaian LAN pertama diwujudkan di Zerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) oleh Robert Matcalf. LAN membolehkan komputer berkomunikasi dan berkongsi perisian, data dan peralatan.
1982 DCA and ARPA establish the DCA Transmission dan ARPA Control Protocol menubuhkan (TCP) and Internet Transmission Protocol Control (IP), as the Protocol protocol (TCP) suite, dan commonly Internet Protocol known as (IP) TCP/IP, untuk ARPANET for ARPANET. This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks.
1986 NSFNET National created Science (backbone Foundation speed (NSF) of 56Kbps) menyambungkan NSF networknya establishes (NSFnet) 5 supercomputing terdiri daripada centers 5 pusat to provide supercomputer high-computing power for all.
1990 Negara-negara dihubungkan ke NSFNET: Argentina (AR), Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Brazil (BR), Chile (CL), Greece (GR), India (IN), Ireland (IE), Korea (KR), Spain (ES), Switzerland (CH)
1991 World Wide Web (WWW) telah dibangunkan di CERN olehtim Berners- Lee
Marc Andreesen membina Mosaic, satu pelayar Web bergrafik.
Jim Clark dan Marc Andreesen menubuhkan Netscape dan melancarkan Netscape Navigator 1.0, satu perisin pelayar Internet
Sun Microsystems melancarkan Java, an object-oriented programming language. NSFnet menamatkan networknya ke Internet dan kembali kepada matlamat asal sebagai rangkaian penyelidikan
Microsoft melancarkan Internet Explorer 4.0. 50 juta pengguna disambunkan ke Internet dan WWW
WWW is one of the main services in Internet WWW contains a large collection of electronic documents or web documents Each web document consists of text, graphics sound, video or links to other documentss/websites. Web browser is used to access webpages Examples: Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator Firefox
Each website has a unique address called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL memberitahu pelayar Web tentang lokasi sesuatu dokumen Elemen suatu URL: http://www.ace.upm.edu.my/~bas/index.html Protocol Domain/server UserID Webpage
Internet usages include: WWW Eletronik Mail Internet Relay chat (IRC) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Internet banking Internet commerce
Two types of Internet address: IP address IP staands for Internet protokol Comprises four sets of numbers and separated by a dot Each set of numbers ranges between 0 to 255 Contoh: 172.16.240.151 UPM 172.16.240.151 Faculty of Educational Studies 172.16.33.2 JPPPL
Domain name Domain name in text Each domain comprises an abbreviation for toplevel domain (TLD) TLD indicates the type of a particular organization Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the body that assign manage TLD Each domain includes country code except for USA Examples: www.psm.upm.edu.my www.cimbclicks.com.my
Original TLD com edu gov mil net org New TLD museum biz info name pro aero coop Type of Domain Business organization or companies Educational institutions Government agencies Military organizations Network providers Non-profit Organizations Museum Business Information services Individuaal or family Profesional such as doctors and lawyers Air freight companies Business cooperatives
Computer Modem/ethernet card Telephone line Register to any ISP Jaring (1992) TMNet (1995) Nasionet (1995) TimeNet (2000) Celcom Broad band Joint Advanced Research Integrated networking project
A large amount of information can be accessed through internet These information can be used for various purposes Three methods for information search: 1. Search engine 2. Subject directory 3. keyword
1. Search Engine An application that can be used to search for information Popular search engines: Google google.com.my AltaVista altavista.com ilor ilor.com Yahoo yahoo.com Excite excite.com Catcha catcha.com
2. Subject Directory Portals provide services for information search using subject directories Open the portal and simply click on a subject Portals that provide this subject directory include: Yahoo AltaVista 3. Keyword Simply type a keyword to search for a specific information