THE BASICS OF 5G: WHAT, WHEN AND WHY Francis (Fran) O BRIEN, Jr., Ph.D. November 21, 2013 TIA Beyond 2020: A Vision of 5G Networks
WHAT IS 5G? 5G not yet been defined by any recognized standards body or fora Many industry and academic research activities underway Industry view 5G will be the next generation wireless technology deployed in 2020 Historically the ITU-R has led the industry in the definition of the next generation wireless ITU does not officially use the nomenclature 4G or 5G ITU Vision Document ~2013 2015, ITU Requirements ~2016-2018 1980s 1G AMPS 1990s 2G GSM, IS-95, IS-136 2000s 3G WCDMA, CDMA2000 2010s 4G LTE/LTE-A, 802.16m Industry is in the early stages of defining 5G 2
DRIVERS FOR 5G HD, 4K, 3D & Virtual & Augmented Reality M2M Services New Requirements & Services Reliability, Availability, Interworking & Low cost 2008: 2020: 4G - LTE Technology Advancements Silicon, power saving, etc. 5G 3D radio channels mm-wave New Waveforms NFV, SDN, Cloud 3
TIMELINE FOR 5G Period 3G mobile 4G Mobile 5G Mobile ITU-R Recommendations 2000-05 Deployment and ongoing evolution (3GPP Rel4-7) Research (OFDM, MIMO) IMT-2000 2005-10 Mainstream adoption and continuity evolution (3GPP Rel8-9) Initial standards (3GPP Rel8-9) IMT-2000 updates (inclusion of HSPA, LTE and WiMAX) 2010-15 Maturity Deployment and ongoing evolution (3GPP Rel10-12) 2015-20 Declining usage? Mainstream adoption and continuity evolution (3GPP Rel13-??) Research Initial standards around 2020 (3GPP Rel16?) IMT-2000 updates IMT-Advanced IMT-Advanced updates IMT-2020 2020-25 Maturity Deployment and ongoing evolution 5G will most likely be available after 2020 4
FUTURE OF LTE ADVANCED LTE-Advanced (Rel. 10 & Beyond) will continue to evolve to provide additional capacity, to improve end-user experience and to support new services in Releases 12-15 In evolving LTE-Advanced, some compromises will inevitably be made to support some new concepts and services while retaining backward compatibility New requirements will eventually be unsupportable in LTE 5G will be needed when the compromises that would be required to accommodate the new requirements in a backward-compatible way with LTE would result in too great a loss of performance compared to the potential optimum 5
5G FLEXIBILITY AND SCALE REQUIREMENTS Support connectivity for x10 more devices in the same area Support wide variety of device capabilities efficiently - low cost, low rate M2M and high end smart devices Support widely different mobility scenarios efficiently Support multiple virtual networks, each adapted to meet a different application need 6
CHALLENGING SCENARIOS High traffic Cost Latency Reliability Broadband/Dense Mission critical Rural areas Cost Applications can use different types of communication Multicast Availability Security Coverage Professional /Disaster Relief High density Sporadic Uplink traffic Correlation Crowd Machine type Many devices Low Battery power consumption 7
SERVICE DESCRIPTION 5G will rely on a rich, up-to date service description Richer Service description Rate description ((n)gbr..), priority, Latency information (Packet delay), loss rate Input from user application layer Priority information (e.g. ARP) Availability class: best effort / prioritized Mobility category: fixed / nomadic /vehicular M2M characteristics (type class, periodicity, loss rate, sensor/actor) UE power category Input from service provider Security / Application privacy 8
HOW TO USE 5G SERVICE MATRIX: EXAMPLE RATE AND LATENCY High-rate, Low latency High-rate, Delay tolerant Bandwidth Virtual/ augmented reality Multi-player gaming Mission critical video Traffic lights Car2car (emergency braking) Video/internet download Video streaming Weather station Smart metering Smart home High end devices Low end devices Low-rate, Low latency Low-rate, Delay tolerant Latency Optimized for Performance Optimized for Cost & Efficiency Modular system: Algorithms & Methods Optimized for the Service 9
INTEGRATED OR SEPARATE NARROWBAND? Broadband traffic Machine-type traffic Broadband traffic Machine-type traffic RAN 1 RAN 2 Integrated RAN Resource allocation Time to Availability Separate development, earlier availability possible Spectrum allocation Cost/ Coverage System-to system Fixed or slow spectrum sharing Separate deployments Higher cost due to separate deployment In-system resource allocation (semi-static or dynamic) One deployment, lower cost for coverage Devices/ Service Separate M2M and mobile devices Dedicated M2M devices. Service can be used also for mobiles, smart watches (messaging, sleep mode..) 10
POTENTIAL 5G TECHNOLOGIES Potential Technology Description Target benefits Millimeter-wave technology Using 30-60 GHz frequency range for short range access Massive amount of spectrum can be used to provide very high data rates in/outdoors High-order MIMO 16 or more antenna elements in active array Capacity increase through high-order MU- MIMO for high user densities and low mobility Waveform enhancements e.g. FDM with non-sinc pulses for sharper frequency domain roll-off <10% SE gain from reduced guard band Possibly lower PAPR MORE SPECTRUM (Hz) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Pooling of processing across many sites (starting in 4G and more widespread in 5G) Cost Reduction Agility gain INCREASE CAPACITY Software Defined Networking (SDN) Logically centralized control of access, transport and core Cost reduction Improved flexibility to meet needs of different services/mobility MORE SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY (Bits/Sec/Hz) MORE SPACIAL EFFICIENCY (Bits/Sec/Hz/ User) Smart Networking Superior pre-loading, offloading, load-balancing, spectrum sharing, application awareness Increase in data delivered Ultra Wideband Radios Radios that span multiple bands Cost reduction for radio Flexible spectrum utilization Connectionless / randomaccess data in embedded narrow band with smart wakeup Allow devices to send short data bursts without elaborate signaling procedures SE gain for large number of MTC devices Substantial improvement in battery life for sporadic communication 11
5G GLOBAL ACTIVITIES Europe Seventh Framework Programme (FPG7) EU Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society (METIS) EU Centre for Communications Research - UK Asia Americas IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group China 5G Program (National 863 program) China Korean 5G Forum - Korea 2020 and Beyond AdHoc Japan Tokyo Institute of Technology and NTT docomo - Japan Polytechnic Institute of New York University Government, Academia, & Industry VA Tech Broadband Wireless Access & Applications Center Academia, Industry, Government Wireless@MIT Center Academia & Industry Intel Strategic Research Alliance Academia & Industry Industry Research Alcatel-Lucent Ericsson Huawei InterDigital NSN Qualcomm Samsung Etc. 12
SUMMARY Early stages of 5G Currently there is no set of industry requirements or strong demands for 5G, however there are key drivers which are guiding 5G Global research through Government Initiatives, Industry and Academia Europe and Asia leading in organized efforts 4G LTE-Advanced will meet current and many future requirements Wireless Industry is coalescing around a small set of technologies for 5G 5G will be characterized by more than just speed New air interfaces, advanced antenna design, use of mm-wave frequencies, support for machine-tomachine communication and new network architectures Several technologies under consideration for 5G will evolve from 4G 13