Unit 8 Hard Drive Technologies Copyright 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
The disk surface is divided into tracks. 2
Most Hard Drives Have Multiple Platters Platter1, Track1 Platter2, Track1 Platter3, Track1 Platter4, Track1 3
The eight track 1 s are referred to collectively as Cylinder 1. 4
Read\Write Head Platter 5
6
7
One Sector = 512 Bytes 8
Cluster 9
Cluster The smallest unit of disk space that the OS can allocate to a file. It consists of one or more sectors. Generally, the larger the disk drive, the more sectors per cluster. 10
Hard Drive Interfaces Copyright 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
ST-506/ESDI Interface 12
The Drive Controller Interface between the drive and the motherboard (system controller) Obsolete as separate cards Integrated with the motherboard and drives 13
Legacy Drive Controller 14
IDE/EIDE Interface 40-pin data connector Configuration Jumpers 15
EIDE Controller 16
SCSI Interface Configuration Jumpers? 50-pin data connector 17
SCSI Host Adapter Internal External 18
SATA Interface 19
Hard Drive Installation and Setup Copyright 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDE Cables 21
Motherboard Ports 22
Master/Slave Settings 23
EIDE Enhanced IDE Larger Drive Capacity Faster Transfers Two ports, and two devices on each port ATAPI 24
Control cable Mounting Screws Power connector Mounting screws 25
Safety First Turn off the power before you open the computer. Wear an antistatic wrist band grounded to the computer when handling any computer component. Be careful of the sharp wires on the component side of the disk drive. 26
Physical Drive Logical Drive
Setup 17 Standard Advanced Chipset P o w e r M g m t PCI/PnP Standard Setup P e r i p h e r a l Pri Master Pri Slave Sec Master Sec Slave 17 Date/Time Floppy A Floppy B 28
Master and Slave on same cable. 29
Mounting Screws Control cable Power Connector Mounting Screws 30
Hard drive removal Open the cabinet. Disconnect cables. Remove mounting screws. Lift out the drive. 31
Control cable Power Connector 32
Control Cable Power Connector 33
FRAGILE Handle the hard drive with care. DO NOT DROP OR JAR 34
35
Primary Slave Hard Disk Type LBA/Large Mode Block Mode 32Bit Mode PIO Mode : Auto : Off : Off : Off : Auto 36
SATA Serial AT Attachment (SATA) standard Data storage standard Interface transparent to operating system Supports previous parallel ATA standards Burst rate 150 MB/sec 37
SATA Interface Signal Cable Connector Signal Contacts Cable Assemblies Drive Socket Assembly 38
SATA Interface Drive Socket Assembly Power Contacts Cable Assemblies Power Supply Cable Connector 39
SATA Interface Drive Socket Assembly Manufacturer Test Pins Cable Assemblies 40
SATA Hard Disk Drive Power Adapter Plug Power Connector Signal Connector Test Pins 41
Hard Drive Partitions Copyright 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
File Allocation Table (FAT) OS s road map to the disk How the OS keeps track of which clusters belong to which files How the OS keeps track of bad sectors Two copies maintained and kept up to date. 43
Formatting Low Level Formatting - Performed by the Drive Manufacturer. High Level Formatting - Performed by the PC User via the FORMAT Command. 44
Low-Level Formatting Blank Disk Sectors and tracks defined
Low Level Formatting Performed at the factory. Converts the single blank surface into tracks and sectors. Finds and remaps bad spots on the disk so that the operating system can avoid them. 46
High Level Formatting Originally performed by the vendor of the computer. Creates boot record, FAT, and the root directory. Performed with the FORMAT command. 47
Partitioning Makes the hard disk compatible with the OS Prepares hard disk for high-level format Divides hard disk into partitions or makes it one large partition Performed with the FDISK utility 48
FAT and FAT 16 DOS, Win 95, Win 98 2 GB Maximum Partition 32 KB Cluster @ 2 GB 49
VFAT Win 95 and Win 98 2 GB Maximum Partition 32 K Cluster @ 2 GB Long File Names 50