PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial Systems 1
Variants for Portable Computers Mini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBus ExpressCard 2
Specifications added to PCI version 2.2 Standard for peripherals of mobile devices: modems, network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, cryptographic accelerators Defines an expansion card with small size functionally equivalent to a common PCI card Uses a 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI bus 3
Power connections: 3.3 V Maximum power consumption of the cards: 2 W The additional CLKRUN# signal has been included Enables to start and stop the bus clock for power management purposes Form factors: Type I, Type II, Type III 4
Type I: 70 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 7.5 mm Stacking connector, 100 pins Type II: 78 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 17.5 mm Stacking connector, 100 pins Have RJ11 or RJ45 connectors mounted Type III: 60 x 50 mm, height of 2.4 mm Edge connector, 124 pins 5
Mini PCI Express (Mini PCIe) Based on the PCIe bus (x1) Reduced size: 30 x 51 mm Half-length card: 30 x 27 mm Edge connector, 52 pins Connections for the SMBus and USB 2.0 buses, LEDs, SIM card (GSM applications) Extension for another PCIe lane Power connections: 1.5 V and 3.3 V 6
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Variants for Portable Computers Mini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBus ExpressCard 8
Several standards developed by PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) Compatible with standards developed by JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) The first standards: PCMCIA 1.0, 2.0, 2.1 The succeeding standards: PC Card 5.0,, PC Card 8.0 9
Initially, the standards have been developed only for memories Later on, the standards have been extended for various peripherals The expansion cards can be inserted and removed during operation The first cards: PC Card no longer used Interface based on the ISA bus (16 bits) 10
Example applications Memory card adapters (SD, MMC, CompactFlash, MemoryStick, etc.) Ethernet network adapters Wireless network adapters Digital cameras GPS (Global Positioning System) cards Security devices Hard disk drives 11
Variants for Portable Computers Mini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBus ExpressCard 12
Expansion cards introduced in version 5.0 of the PC Card standard Based on the PCI bus Functionally equivalent to a 32-bit PCI system (33 MHz) Improvements to PC Card: The possibility of bus mastering DMA Lower voltage (3.3 V) A new digital audio mode using pulse width modulation (PWM) 13
The software architecture is the same as for PC Card Socket Services Card Services CardBus cards must consume a limited current until they are configured Read the information from the CIS (Card Information Structure) Determine the voltage and electrical protocol needed 14
The possibility of multi-function cards (up to 8 functions) 68-pin connector (2 x 34) Card dimensions: 85.6 x 54 mm Three card types, based on their thickness: Type I: 3.3 mm memories Type II: 5 mm various peripherals Type III: 10.5 mm hard drives 15
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Variants for Portable Computers Mini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBus ExpressCard 17
Replaced the CardBus cards Higher performance Smaller size Lower costs Uses the PCI Express or USB serial bus Eliminates the CardBus controller Direct connections to PCI Express or USB ports of the computer 18
ExpressCard modules Length of 75 mm, thickness of 5 mm ExpressCard/34: width of 34 mm ExpressCard/54: width of 54 mm For both module types, the same connector is used 26 pins Blade contacts located on the ExpressCard module Designed for high reliability and durability 19
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The interface PCI Express: one lane (x1); 2.5 Gbits/s in both directions USB: the speeds defined by the USB 2.0 specification (1.5 Mbits/s; 12 Mbits/s; 480 Mbits/s) A module may use one or both interfaces Two signals for an SMBus (System Management Bus) serial bus 21
Other features The possibility to insert and remove the modules during operation ( hot plug ) Uses the auto-detection and configuration capabilities of PCI Express and USB buses Modules can be placed in very low power states detect and respond to wakeup requests 22
PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial Systems 23
Variants for Industrial Systems PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI COM Express 24
Applications: telecommunications, military, automation Requirements: reliability, simple maintenance Desktop computers: Expansion cards inserted in connectors with blades Active backplanes are used In an industrial or military environment, the backplane is exposed to mechanical stress 25
High reliability: Connectors with metallic pins and sockets Front panels for fastening, guidance Passive backplanes only connectors Simple maintenance: Short time required for repairs failures of passive backplanes are rare Simple board replacement Commonly, the VME bus is used 26
Variants for Industrial Systems PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI COM Express 27
Placed in a plane parallel to the motherboard Does not need an additional connector on the motherboard The aim: Extending the functions of the motherboard when there is not enough space Extending a motherboard with specific I/O functions The Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) standard, IEEE 1386 For the VME, Multibus II buses 28
Includes the standard for the PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC), IEEE 1386.1 PMC specifies a PCI card connected to a CPU card (usually, VME) A double PMC card or two single PMC cards can be attached in parallel to a VME card The PMC cards allow a configuration requiring reduced space The VME bus is not replaced 29
PMC cards mounted on a VME64 card 30
Mezzanine connectors Up to four connectors on a PMC card The most used: 64-pin connectors P1 and P2: 32-bit PCI signals P3: 64-bit PCI signals P4 (optional): I/O signals Kinds of PMC mezzanine cards Processors; graphics cards; memory cards; I/O interface cards 31
PMC graphics card Concurrent Technologies Plc, Concurrent Technologies Inc. 32
Variants for Industrial Systems PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI COM Express 33
XMC Mezzanine Card (1) Standard developed by VITA (VME International Trade Association) VITA 42.0 standard: base specification The mezzanine PMC card is extended with new connectors for serial interfaces P11.. P14: same connectors as the P1.. P4 connectors of the PMC mezzanine card P15, P16: high-density connectors (114 pins) for serial interconnections 34
XMC Mezzanine Card (2) The P15, P16 connectors contain: Pins for 10 differential signal pairs for each direction The P16 connector also contains userdefined I/O pins various interfaces The base specification does not indicate protocols, signal types, voltage levels VITA 42.3: PCI Express VITA 42.4: HyperTransport 35
Variants for Industrial Systems Variants for Industrial Systems PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI COM Express 36
Standard developed by the PICMG group (PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group), www.picmg.org Intended to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus Most of the industrial applications employed the VME bus The Eurocard form factor has been combined with the PCI bus open industrial standard 37
A 32-bit or a 64-bit PCI bus may be used 3U Eurocard boards: One connector for the 32-bit PCI bus (J1) An optional connector (J2) for the 64-bit PCI bus or user-defined I/O pins 6U Eurocard boards: J1 and J2 connectors Up to three additional connectors for I/O pins 38
Up to 7 expansion boards may be connected, without using a bridge High-quality connectors: pins-and-sockets, 110 pins, 2 mm step A large number of ground pins The boards are typically interconnected via a passive backplane Retained on all sides Oriented vertically 39
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Extensions of the CompactPCI standard PICMG 2.1 Support for board insertion and removal during operation (Hot Swap) PICMG 2.5 Computer telephony applications Auxiliary bus for TDM (Time Domain Multiplex) data transfer PICMG 2.16 Inter-module communication via Ethernet 42
CompactPCI Express: uses one PCIe bus CompactPCI Serial Star topology: serial point-to-point connections One system board, up to 8 peripheral boards New connectors for high data rates PCIe bus: up to 16 lanes Serial ATA (SATA) interface USB interface: 2.0 or 3.0 Ethernet interface: 10 Gbits/s 43
Advantages: The same chips and software modules are used as for the desktop PCI (PCIe) systems The PCI (PCIe) chips have low cost Applications: Industrial automation Real-time control and data acquisition systems Military systems 44
Variants for Industrial Systems PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI COM Express 45
COM Computer On Module Specifications developed by the PICMG group A COM Express board may be used as: A single board computer; or A processor mezzanine board connected to a base board Each COM Express board contains: CPU; memory; high-speed serial interfaces 46
All signals are routed to one or two highdensity connectors (each with 220 pins) Current revision of the specifications: 3.0 (2017) Board sizes Mini: 55 x 84 mm Compact: 95 x 95 mm Basic: 95 x 125 mm Extended: 110 x 155 mm 47
Board types Each board type contains certain interfaces and has different pinout configuration Currently, the following board types are defined: 1; 10; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7 Type 1 and Type 10 boards contain a single connector Type 7 is defined in revision 3.0 The most commonly used types are Type 10 and Type 6 48
Type 10 Boards Contain a limited number of interfaces PCIe bus with 1.. 4 lanes Serial ATA (SATA) ports (1.. 2) Gb Ethernet port (1) Serial ports (0.. 2) LPC (Low Pin Count) bus for connecting low-speed peripherals SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) (1.. 2) 49
System Management Bus (1) I 2 C bus (1) CAN (Controller Area Network) interface (optional) USB 2.0 ports (4.. 8) Optionally: 2 ports can be configured as USB 3.0 DDI (Digital Display Interface) (optional) On the base board, it can be adapted to: DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, or SDVO (Serial Digital Video Out) 50
LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling) channel (optional) Embedded DisplayPort (edp) on the LVDS pins (optional) Type 6 Boards The first connector has nearly the same pinout as that of Type 2 boards The second connector provides support for current and future interfaces 51
Interfaces that are the same as on Type 10 boards: Gb Ethernet; serial; LPC; SMBus; I 2 C; CAN; USB 2.0 PCIe bus with 1.. 24 lanes SATA ports (1.. 4) 4 USB ports can be configured as USB 3.0 Up to 3 DDI channels (optional) Up to 2 LVDS channels (optional) PCI Express Graphics (PEG) (optional): x16 PCIe connector 52
ADLINK Technology Inc. Type 6 board, Basic size Intel Core, Xeon, or Celeron processors, 6th generation (Skylake) 53
Type 7 Boards PCIe bus with up to 32 lanes 10 Gb Ethernet ports (1.. 4) Advantages High performance enabled by the high-speed serial interfaces Can be used standalone or with a base board Upgrades are simple Flexibility provided by various board types 54
Applications Industrial control Data acquisition Railway transportation Medical equipment Military and aerospace vehicles Internet of Things (IoT) Type 7 boards can be used in data centers and for high-bandwidth video applications 55
Mini PCI and CardBus expansion cards use a parallel PCI bus (32 bits) Mini PCI Express cards have replaced the parallel PCI bus with the serial PCI bus Express Card has replaced CardBus The cards may use the PCIe or USB bus The boards for industrial systems must have high reliability and must enable simple maintenance 56
PMC and XMC mezzanine cards enable a simple and efficient expansion of a CPU card CompactPCI boards allow to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus Use the standard Eurocard format CompactPCI Serial boards can use various types of serial interfaces COM Express boards feature high-speed serial interfaces and provide flexibility by a variety of board sizes and types 57
Features of Mini PCI Features of Mini PCI Express Features of CardBus Advantages of ExpressCard Features of ExpressCard Features of PMC and XMC mezzanine cards Features of CompactPCI boards Features of CompactPCI Serial boards Features of COM Express boards 58
1. What are the main features of ExpressCard modules? 2. What are the main requirements of systems intended for industrial applications? 3. What are the techniques used by CompactPCI cards to increase the number of cards connected to the backplane? 59