GLOBAL MARKETS FOR ROLL-TO-ROLL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLEXIBLE DEVICES SMC082B January 2016 Margareth Gagliardi Project Analyst ISBN: 1-62296-209-5 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) 781-489-7301 www.bccresearch.com information@bccresearch.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 3 INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 SCOPE OF REPORT 4 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 5 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 6 ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 7 BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 8 DISCLAIMER 8 CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2020 ($ SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2013-2020 ($ 11 11 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 13 INTRODUCTION 13 DEFINITION AND STUDY FOCUS 13 R2R VERSUS BATCH PROCESSES 13 IMPORTANCE OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES AND R2R PROCESSES 14 MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES AND RECENT EVENTS 15 TABLE 1 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES-TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES 16 FIGURE 1 NUMBER OF GLOBAL FLEXIBLE DEVICES PATENTS ISSUED, 1970-2014 17 CURRENT AND EMERGING FLEXIBLE DEVICES PRODUCED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 2 FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 18 ELECTRONIC DEVICES 18 Flexible Printed Circuits 19 Other Circuit Devices 19 Other Electronic Devices 19 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES 20 Electrochromic Displays 20 TABLE 3 ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS, 2015 21 Inorganic Electrochromic Materials 21 Organic Electrochromic Materials 22 Electrolyte 23 Counter-Electrodes 23 Electrophoretic Displays 24 Basic Design 24 Microcapsule Design 24 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays 25 Encapsulation 25 Phase Separation 25 Holography 26 18
Prefabricated Templates 26 Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays 27 Basic Design 27 Solid-State Lighting Devices and Roll Tablets 27 ENERGY DEVICES 28 Solar Cells and Modules 28 Other Energy Devices 29 SENSORS AND OTHER DEVICES 30 CHAPTER 4 ROLL-TO-ROLL TECHNOLOGIES 32 INTRODUCTION 32 BASIC ROLL-TO-ROLL FABRICATION PROCESS 32 TABLE 4 BASIC ROLL-TO-ROLL FABRICATION STEPS, 2015 32 SUBSTRATE SELECTION 33 TABLE 5 SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR R2R MANUFACTURING, 2015 35 FILM DEPOSITION AND PATTERNING 35 SUBTRACTIVE METHODS 35 Substrate Coating 35 TABLE 6 THICK-FILM COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 36 TABLE 7 THIN-FILM COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 37 Lithography 41 Optical Lithography 41 Immersion Lithography 41 Nanostencil Lithography 42 Deep Ultraviolet Light Lithography 42 X-Ray Lithography 42 Electron Beam Lithography 42 Reflective E-beam Lithography 42 Ion Beam Lithography 43 Scanning Probe Lithography 43 Dip-pen Nanolithography 43 Nanoimprint 43 Thermoplastic Nanoimprint Lithography 43 Photo Nanoimprint Lithography 44 Laser-assisted Direct Imprint 44 Self-Aligned Imprint Lithography 44 Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 44 Directed Self Assembly 45 Nanomotor Lithography 45 TABLE 8 LITHOGRAPHIC METHODS, 2015 45 Etching 46 ADDITIVE METHODS 46 TABLE 9 PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 46 Screen Printing 47 Stencil Printing 48 Gravure 48 Direct Gravure 48
Reverse Gravure 49 Offset Gravure 49 Smooth Roll Gravure 49 Microgravure 49 Pad Printing 49 Flexography 50 Transfer Printing 50 Offset Lithography 50 Micropen Printing 50 Extrusion Printing 51 Inkjet Printing 51 Continuous Inkjet Printing 51 Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing 51 Thermal 52 Piezoelectric 52 Electrostatic 52 Acoustic 52 Phase-Change 52 Organic Vapor Jet Printing 53 Laser Printing 53 Micro-Spray Printing 53 Aerosol Jet Printing 53 Electrophotography 54 Ionography 54 Magnetography 54 Nanography 54 Thermography 54 Most Common Additive Processes 55 MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURES 55 CURING 55 ASSEMBLY, CUTTING, TESTING AND PACKAGING 55 LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS FROM 2013 TO PRESENT 56 CAPACITIVE TOUCH SENSOR CIRCUITS BY R2R PRINTING 56 HYBRID PRINTING SYSTEM 56 R2R MICROCONTACT PRINTING SYSTEM 58 ELECTROCHROMIC GEL FOR STRETCHABLE DISPLAYS 59 CONJUGATED ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER 59 R2R FABRICATION OF ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERIC TRANSDUCERS 60 SILVER INK FOR INKJET PRINTING ON FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES 61 OTHER RELEVANT R&D ACTIVITIES 61 TABLE 10 OTHER RELEVANT R &D ACTIVITIES, 2015 62 CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL MARKETS 65 ANALYSIS OUTLINE 65 GLOBAL MARKET SUMMARY 65 TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2020 ($ 66
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013 TO 2020 ($ CURRENT MARKET STATUS 67 CURRENT MARKET SUMMARY 67 TABLE 12 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2015 ($ FIGURE 3 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013 TO 2015 ($ REVENUES BY DEVICE TYPE 68 TABLE 13 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ FIGURE 4 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2015 (%) 69 REVENUES BY PROCESS 70 TABLE 14 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, THROUGH 2015 ($ FIGURE 5 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2015 (%) REVENUES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL 72 TABLE 15 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, THROUGH 2015 ($ FIGURE 6 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, 2015 (%) REVENUES BY REGION 73 TABLE 16 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ FIGURE 7 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2015 (%) MARKET GROWTH TRENDS 75 INDUSTRY GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS 75 Electronics 75 TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SEMICONDUCTORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS/%) Printed Circuit Boards and Flexible Printed Circuits 76 Portable Computers and Tablets 76 TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PORTABLE COMPUTERS, ULTRA-LIGHT CHROMEBOOKS AND TABLETS, 2015 AND 2020 ($ BILLIONS) Smartphones 77 RFIDs 77 Smart Cards 77 Thin-Film Devices 78 Printed Electronics 78 Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Systems 79 TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS AND NEMS BY TYPE, 2015 AND 2020 ($ BILLIONS) Flexible Hybrid Devices and Wearable Electronics 79 Optoelectronics 80 Advanced Displays 80 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADVANCED DISPLAYS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS) 66 67 68 69 71 71 72 72 74 74 75 77 79 81
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR ADVANCED DISPLAYS BY TYPE, 2015 AND 2020 (%) Paper-thin and Flexible Displays 82 Digital Signage 83 Solid-state Lighting Devices 83 Energy 83 Photovoltaic Cells 83 TABLE 21 GLOBAL PRODUCTION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 (MW) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL PRODUCTION SHARE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BY TYPE, 2020 (%) Flexible Solar Cells 85 Batteries 85 Supercapacitors 86 Fuel Cells 86 TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ 86 Thermoelectric Devices 87 Sensors and Other Devices 87 TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ 87 Flexible Sensors 88 Biosensors 88 TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER COMMON SENSORS, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS) Medical Devices 89 OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS 89 New Substrate Materials for Roll-to-Roll Processes 89 Pattern Deposition Processes 89 TABLE 25 FILM OR FEATURE THICKNESS ACHIEVABLE BY DIFFERENT PRINTING METHODS, 2015 (NANOMETERS) Advanced Materials for High Pattern Resolution 90 Energy and Environmental Factors 91 REGIONAL TRENDS 91 MARKET FORECAST 92 REVENUES BY DEVICE TYPE 92 TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2020 (%) REVENUES BY PROCESS 94 TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, THROUGH 2020 ($ FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2020 (%) REVENUES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL 96 TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, THROUGH 2020 ($ FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, 2020 (%) REVENUES BY REGION 97 81 84 84 89 90 93 93 94 95 96 96
TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2020 (%) 98 98 CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 100 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES 100 TABLE 30 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 TABLE 31 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES BY DEVICE TYPE, 2015 TABLE 32 LEADING SUPPLIERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES BY DEVICE TYPE AND REGION, 2015 LEADING PRODUCERS OF MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 33 LEADING PRODUCERS OF MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2015 OTHER PLAYERS IN THE R2R INDUSTRY 107 TABLE 34 OTHER RELEVANT INDUSTRY PLAYERS, 2015 107 COMPANY PROFILES 111 3M 111 ACREO/PAPERDISPLAY 112 ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES 113 AVERY DENNISON 114 E INK HOLDINGS 115 E Ink Corp. 115 Acquisition of E Ink 116 Acquisition of Sipix Imaging 116 Current Activities 116 EMFIT 117 FLEXIUM INTERCONNECT 118 FUJIKURA 118 GSI TECHNOLOGIES 119 JOHNSON ELECTRIC 120 KENT DISPLAYS 121 KONICA MINOLTA 123 LG DISPLAYS 123 LINXENS 124 MATERION 125 MFLEX 127 MOLEX 127 MULTEK 128 NIPPON MEKTRON LTD. 129 NITTO DENKO 130 POWERFILM 131 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS 131 SUMITOMO ELECTRIC 132 THIN FILM ELECTRONICS 133 ZHEN DING TECHNOLOGY 134 100 103 105 105 105
CHAPTER 7 U.S. PATENT ANALYSIS 136 INTRODUCTION 136 SUMMARY OF PATENTS AWARDED DURING THE PERIOD 2013 THROUGH 2015 136 TABLE 35 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2015 136 TABLE 36 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2014 137 TABLE 37 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2013 139 GENERAL TRENDS 140 TABLE 38 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2010 TO 2015 141 FIGURE 14 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2010-2015 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) TRENDS BY COUNTRY AND REGION 142 FIGURE 15 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2013-2015* (%) FIGURE 16 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY COUNTRY, 2013-2015* (NUMBER) TRENDS BY ASSIGNEE 144 TABLE 39 ASSIGNEES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013-2015* FIGURE 17 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY ORGANIZATION TYPE, 2013-2015* (%) TRENDS BY PATENT CATEGORY 148 FIGURE 18 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY CATEGORY, 2013-2015* (%) TRENDS BY PROCESS 149 FIGURE 19 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2013-2015* (%) TRENDS BY DEVICE TYPE 151 FIGURE 20 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2013-2015* (%) 142 142 144 145 147 148 150 152
LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 1 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES-TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES 16 TABLE 2 FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 18 TABLE 3 ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS, 2015 21 TABLE 4 BASIC ROLL-TO-ROLL FABRICATION STEPS, 2015 32 TABLE 5 SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR R2R MANUFACTURING, 2015 35 TABLE 6 THICK-FILM COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 36 TABLE 7 THIN-FILM COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 37 TABLE 8 LITHOGRAPHIC METHODS, 2015 45 TABLE 9 PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 46 TABLE 10 OTHER RELEVANT R &D ACTIVITIES, 2015 62 TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 12 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, THROUGH 2015 ($ TABLE 13 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ TABLE 14 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, THROUGH 2015 ($ TABLE 15 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, THROUGH 2015 ($ TABLE 16 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SEMICONDUCTORS BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS/%) TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PORTABLE COMPUTERS, ULTRA-LIGHT CHROMEBOOKS AND TABLETS, 2015 AND 2020 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS AND NEMS BY TYPE, 2015 AND 2020 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADVANCED DISPLAYS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 21 GLOBAL PRODUCTION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 (MW) TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELLS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ 86 TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ 87 TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS AND OTHER COMMON SENSORS, THROUGH 2020 ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 25 FILM OR FEATURE THICKNESS ACHIEVABLE BY DIFFERENT PRINTING METHODS, 2015 (NANOMETERS) TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, THROUGH 2020 ($ TABLE 30 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2015 11 66 67 69 71 72 74 75 77 79 81 84 89 90 93 94 96 98 100
TABLE HEADING TABLE 31 LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES BY DEVICE TYPE, 2015 TABLE 32 LEADING SUPPLIERS OF FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES BY DEVICE TYPE AND REGION, 2015 TABLE 33 LEADING PRODUCERS OF MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2015 TABLE 34 OTHER RELEVANT INDUSTRY PLAYERS, 2015 107 TABLE 35 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2015 136 TABLE 36 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2014 137 TABLE 37 R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES - U.S. PATENTS, 2013 139 TABLE 38 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2010 TO 2015 141 TABLE 39 ASSIGNEES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013-2015* 103 105 105 145
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLEXIBLE DEVICES MANUFACTURED BY R2R TECHNOLOGIES, 2013-2020 ($ FIGURE 1 NUMBER OF GLOBAL FLEXIBLE DEVICES PATENTS ISSUED, 1970-2014 17 FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013 TO 2020 ($ 66 FIGURE 3 CURRENT MARKET FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2013 TO 2015 ($ FIGURE 4 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2015 (%) 69 FIGURE 5 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2015 (%) FIGURE 6 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, 2015 (%) FIGURE 7 CURRENT MARKET SHARE FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2015 (%) FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR ADVANCED DISPLAYS BY TYPE, 2015 AND 2020 (%) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL PRODUCTION SHARE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BY TYPE, 2020 (%) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2020 (%) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2020 (%) FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, 2020 (%) FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2020 (%) FIGURE 14 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES, 2010-2015 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) FIGURE 15 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY REGION, 2013-2015* (%) FIGURE 16 U.S. PATENT RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY COUNTRY, 2013-2015* (NUMBER) FIGURE 17 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY ORGANIZATION TYPE, 2013-2015* (%) FIGURE 18 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY CATEGORY, 2013-2015* (%) FIGURE 19 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY PROCESS, 2013-2015* (%) FIGURE 20 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO R2R FLEXIBLE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2013-2015* (%) 11 68 71 72 74 81 84 93 95 96 98 142 142 144 147 148 150 152