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$ User Process User Process Memory Manager User Process File System system call interface Server Processes Disk task TTY Task Clock Task System Task IO Tasks Process Management ( - +$ )3 * - ), $-. # $ #%+ &' $%+ ( - %%$ ) 3 + 3 1 ++,-& " # " # # "( # " 3 % # " # / 0 # 0 # " ( " 4 ) "

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$) 3 2 B y t e s Mode UID File Size Time of last modification Links GID Zone 0 number Zone 1 number Zone 2 number Zone 3 number Zone 4 number Zone 5 number Zone 6 number Indirect Double Indirect File type and RWX bits Identifies the user who owns the file Number of bytes in the file In seconds since Jan, 1, 1970 The number of directory entries for this file and the files group number Zone numbers for the first 7 data zones in the file Only used for files larger then 7 zones - + )3 % * -, $-. #% - $ " ) 3 % " 0 " " " " ( " ( 0 $ " 6 " %. -. + )3 % - 3 " " " "

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hq 4 bits 4 8 16 Version Header Length Type of Service Identification Time to Live Protocol Flags Source Address Destination Address Options (if any) Total Length Fragment Offset Header Checksum Padding Data I +0`. `./0 ( 9;<35 >2A> 7O39>7W36 A =5AM;39> 7>2 A?A5>7D LA5 BC OA>AM5A;E % P() Pc G^ $ G $"g $ # Qee #^ _G$ $ $ [ " ] $[$ "# $"g $ _ P() " $ cp $ ^ " _G$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ ^ $ $ c)]^ ] $ '" $ a b- 7> 76 5363543O A9O ; 6> <3 E 7> 6?3D7W36 23>235 =5AM;39>A>789 76 ALL83OE 7> 76 63> >8 79O7DA>3 >23 >276 76 >23 LA6> =5AM;39>E % _G$ $ $ [ e

hh, b+0` -+` 27D2 =5AM;39> 8= >23 857M79AL OA>AM5A; 76 DA5573O <Y >276?AD3>E % _G$ $ $ [ "# e R.+ `/ K.V+ 28? D89> 63O >8 L7;7> >23 9;<35 8= 98O36 >2A> A9 BC OA>AM5A; DA9?A66 >258M2E 1 276 W3LO 76 A 6A=3MA5O AMA796> OA>AM5A;6 L88?79M =853435 79 ;AL=85;3O 93> 856E ( $ F _ he $ $ $ #G F " $,/`/ /a 123 27M235 LAY35?58>8D8L >2A> >276 OA>AM5A; 76 DA55Y79ME 85;ALLY 37>235 1 C 85 CE ^ _# $ cp J+ +, + - % _ ^ $^ $$^ gg _ " \$ $ G $ G GG$ $ " $ $ $ " F# $# $ $ $ gg $ $ $ GG# " _ cp $ P() Pc GG # _" U/, +,+-- 123 BC AOO5366 8= >23 639O79M 98O3E +-`.0 `./0,+-- 123 BC AOO5366 >23 OA>AM5A; 76 79>39O3O =85E T`./0-4A57A<L3 L39M>2 W3LO 79DLO79M O3<MM79M?35=85;A9D3 A9O 63D57>Y 8?>7896E ' $ cp $ $ _" $ f U/, + /,`

h 16 bits 16 bits Source Port Length Destination Port Checksum Data ( f cp Destination Address Source Address Protocol Data 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes ( d $ 1276 76 >23 C?85> 9;<35 >2A> >23 D8;;97DA>789 857M79A>36 =58;E $G $ _ P() fee +-`.0 `./0 /,` 1276 76 >23 C?85> 9;<35 >2A> >23 D8;;97DA>789 76 O753D>3O >8E $G $ _ P() fee K+0b` 123 L39M>2 8= >23 C OA>AM5A; 79DLO79M >23 23AO35E ( P() ehf^ _ g g $ # G d _ $ g g $ + - 123 D23D6 ; W3LO 76 8?>789ALE B= 7> 2A6 >23 4AL3 98 D23D6 ; 76 D8;?>3O A> >23 53D37479M ;AD2793E P() gg _ # _ $# $ $"g $ $[$# cp gg e ( d " _G _ $ _G _G _" $ U/, +,+--

h 1 23 <Y>3 >23593> AOO5366 8= >23 639O79M O347D3E AD2 93> 85 79>35=AD3 DA5O 76 ALL8DA>3O A 97 3 AOO5366E +-`.0 `./0,+-- 1 23 <Y>3 >23593> AOO5366 8= >23 53D37479M O347D3E ( $ "$ $ $ F $ $ $ $ $ "$ $ GG# "$ $ $,/`/ /a 123 7O39>7>Y 8= >23 27M235 LAY35?58>8D8L <379M DA5573O <Y >276 =5A;3E 123?53639D3 8= >276 W3LO ALL86 A 679ML3 >23593> >8 DA55Y ;7 3O >5AZD =85 A 9;<35 8= 27M235 L343L?58>8D8L 3EME >23 BC?58>8D8L =58; 1 C BC A9O 843L6 BC?58>8D8L E %%&'() $ F $ G % $ $ "#

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