Mobile e-health with HL7 CAS 757 Modern Software Technology for ehealth Term 2, Winter 2010 Dr. Kamran Sartipi Jianhui (Jeffrey) Lei Yao (Aaron) Song
Agenda Wireless Concepts and Technologies Mobile e-health Service Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Mobile e-health System Mobile e-health with MacSeie
Wireless Concepts and Technologies
Wireless Technology Development Wireless technology is already an integral part of everyday life. Consumer demand is driving the development and evolution for wireless technology. This phenomenon is similar to the evolution of PCs throughout the 1980s.
Wireless Devices Cell Phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Laptop Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Any other specific devices without wire, i.e. medical sensors
OSI Reference Model
Communication of Networked Computers through OSI Model
Important Standards at Various OSI Layers
Issues To Be Considered How far can a signal travel? At what speed can information be transferred? What are the known obstacles? Potential security issues
Wireless Technology in Medical Environment Wireless devices are widely used in health providers and patients. WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) deployment in medical environment is a cheap and effective way to provide highspeed, reliable connectivity.
Wireless Technology in Medical Environment What wireless technology can bring for medical service? Remote access and update Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system at the point of care, allow the health providers and patients to view, query and edit all information in real time. Utilization of voice-over-wlan that provide immediate voice communications.
Wireless Standards Change Fast Meet customers desires Remain consistent with newer technology designed to be compatible with prior generations. Compatibility means less disadvantage of discovering a new technology s shortcomings.
Two Wireless Communication Standards IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 family, also known by the brand name Wi-Fi for wireless computer networking Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and 3rd Generation (3G) for cellular communications standard
Wi-Fi A registered trademark, controlled and published by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Permitted only on equipment which has passed testing. The purpose of certification testing covers compatibility, security, quality of service, power save aspects.
Wireless Computer Local Area Network
Comparison of 802.11 a/b/g
Bluetooth Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances (using short length radio waves) from fixed and mobile devices, creating Personal Area Networks (PANs). Range: 1m 100m Data Rate: 1 Mbit/s (Version 1.2 ); 3 Mbit/s (Version 2.0 )
RFID Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify objects. Two components: a tag and a reader. RFID bracelet, payment by mobile phones.
Cellular Network
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is the standard of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Which is known as 2G. TDMA is a channel access method for shared medium networks. It allows several users to share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal into different time slots.
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access is the standard of 3rd Generation (3G). CDMA allows several users to share a bandwidth of different frequencies. CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel.
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is a channel access method used in multiple-access protocols as a channelization protocol. FDMA gives users an individual allocation of one or several frequency bands, or channels.
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing digital modulation scheme. Used in 802.16 standard, commonly referred to as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). Higher sensitivity to frequency offsets and phase noise.
Overview of 3G Standards
Voice-over-WLAN
Review of Cellular and Computer Networks Cellular Network Computer Network Mobile Communications operator GSM: TDMA 3G: CDMA Mapping between phone number and IP address Transforming message format Protocol: SIP Standard: 802.11 Family 802.11a/b/g (802.11e/h, 802.1x, MAC, WEP, WPA are subprotocols providing some specific features for 802.11a/b/g)
Mobile e-health Service
Mobile e-health Service Apply software programming and computer network technologies to provide Electronic Healthcare Service e-health service Apply mobile communication technologies to provide Mobile e-health Service m-health service
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Background and Motivation Fragmentation of patient information increases over a period of time Managing medical information becomes more complicated The need to access patient information grows with the need to consolidate the patient information across healthcare systems
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Modern Medical Information Management Ontology-based Multi-Agent System Electronic Medical Agent System (emags)
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Modern Medical Information Management Integrity Consolidates patient information across various health management entities Interoperability Provides public sharing mechanisms over consolidated information across heterogeneous data sources
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Goals Integrity Interoperability Solutions Federated database approach XML-based integration CORBA Ontology-based Multi-Agent System
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Ontology In computer science and information science, an ontology is a formal representation of the knowledge by a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. (Wikipedia)
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Mobile Agent In computer science, a mobile agent is a composition of computer software and data which is able to migrate (move) from one computer to another autonomously and continue its execution on the destination computer. (Wikipedia)
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management What could Ontology and Mobile Agent provide us? Ontology To provide interoperability among heterogeneous data sources in medical information systems Mobile Agent To access, decipher, learn and exploit medical information on various health systems
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Ontology Mobile Agent Ontology-based Multi-Agent System
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Ontology-based Multi-Agent System Provides a framework for interactions in a distributed medical systems environment (Integrity) Allows access to patient information across multiple databases (Interoperability) Without the limitations of the traditional client-server approach
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Ontology-based Multi-Agent System Database Results Agent Client DB Query Agent Served By Agent Broker Served By Database Client DB Query Workstation
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Ontology Mobile Agent HL7 HL7 Ontology-based Multi-Agent System Electronic Medical Agent System (emags)
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Electronic Medical Agent System (emags) Multiple co-operating Mobile Agents Ontology based on HL7 Reference Information Model (HL7-RIM) Provides translations between local data and the HL7 format
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management emags Architecture Agent Server Database Application HL7 Message and HL7 Agent Agent Broker Ontology Server
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management emags Architecture (Cont d) Ontology Server HL7 Message Template Library (HL7MLib) Ontology based on HL7-RIM (HL7RIMLib) Data Mapping Library (DMLib) Query Agent (Ontology Server Query Agent OSQA) User Interface Agent (Ontology Process Manager Agent OPMA)
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management emags Architecture (Cont d) HL7MLib Facilitates the mapping resolution process Populated with mappings created using commonly used healthcare applications Mappings built manually over a period of time Stored as a collection of XML documents
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management emags Architecture (Cont d) HL7RIMLib Facilitates the mapping resolution process Stored in RDF/RDFS format Relationships between concepts in HL7RIMLib ontology and fields in HL7MLib message template are established through the unique ID associated with each concept
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management emags Architecture (Cont d) DMLib Contains data mappings to resolve mappings between local database application and HL7 message fields Implemented as a collection of XML documents Mapping information consists of database application ID, HL7 Message Field ID and database application field details
Mobile e-health Technology and HL7 for Medical Information Management Conclusion Modern Medical Information Management Ontology-based Multi-Agent System Electronic Medical Agent System (emags)
Mobile e-health System
Mobile e-health System Patient will not need to stay at hospitals Patient s health condition will be monitored by healthcare professionals while living normal life Provides medical staff at a hospital or healthcare centre with real-time remote access to patient s health data
Components of Mobile e-health System Sensor Actuator Front-End Mobile Terminal Body Area Network (BAN) Mobile Communications Operator e-health Server (e-hs) End-User Application (EUA)
Components of Mobile e-health System Sensor Receives and responds to a signal or stimulus Measures pulse, blood pressure, oxygen level, glucose level, etc. Actuator Responsible for actuating a mechanical device connected to a computer by a sensor link.
Components of Mobile e-health System Front-End Hub for all sensors and actuators in the BAN Records all data from sensors and actuators Sends data to the mobile terminal Mobile Terminal A mobile phone A device with mobile communication capabilities, i.e. PDA
Components of Mobile e-health System Body Area Network (BAN) Sensors Actuators Front-End Mobile Terminal
Components of Mobile e-health System Body Area Network (BAN) A specialization of Personal Area Network (PAN) A network of sensors and/or actuators attached to a patient s body Interconnected to a hospital or healthcare centre through wires and/or wireless technologies
Components of Mobile e-health System Mobile Communications Operator Network operator with wireless telephony access to internet Important component between BAN and Internet e-health Server (e-hs) Receives and distributes medical data Installed in the mobile communications service provider, or at a hospital or healthcare centre
Components of Mobile e-health System End-User Application (EUA) Computers at a hospital or healthcare centre Accesses information from sensors and actuators Sends new configuration parameters to the BAN through the e-health Server (e-hs)
Overview of Mobile e-health System Body Area Network (BAN) Cell Phone Internet LAN e-health Environment e-health Server RFID Sensor Actuator Front-End Base Station P D A Ethernet Switch SIP Gateway Mobile Communications Operator Access Pointer Laptop Internet LAN Desktop Laptop
Mobile e-health with MacSeie
Mobile e-health with MacSeie What can MacSeie provide with Mobile e-health? How to implement Mobile e-health into MacSeie?
Overview of Mobile e-health System (Revisited) Body Area Network (BAN) Cell Phone Internet LAN e-health Environment e-health Server RFID Sensor Actuator Front-End Base Station P D A Mobile Communications Operator Access Pointer Laptop Internet LAN Desktop Laptop
Overview of Mobile e-health with MacSeie Body Area Network (BAN) Cell Phone Internet LAN e-health Environment e-health MacSeie Server RFID Sensor Actuator Front-End Base Station P D A Mobile Communications Operator Access Pointer Laptop Internet LAN Desktop Laptop
MacSeie System with HL7 Middleware MacSeie System Internet LAN EMR Server HL7 SOAP VT Server HL7 Middleware Use Implement EMR Database Guideline Algorithm
Middleware in Mobile e-health What is Middleware? Middleware is a computer software that connects software components or applications Middleware sits in the middle between application software that may be working on different operating systems. Middleware consists of a set of services that allows multiple processes running on one or more machines to interact. Middleware provides interoperability to support and simplify complex, distributed applications. Middleware is integral to information technology based on XML, SOAP, Web Services, and SOA. (Wikipedia)
HL7 Middleware in Mobile e-health The HL7 middleware consists of two main components: converting and creating HL7 message. The converting component receives either HL7- based or non-hl7-based message from sender and extracts data from it. The creating component creates XML-based message following HL7 standard with given data.
MacSeie System with HL7 Middleware Mobile Application MacSeie System Cell Phone EMR Server HL7 SOAP VT Server Mobile Communications Operator Use Implement Internet LAN HL7 Middleware EMR Database Guideline Algorithm
Mobile Application Provides users a more user-friendly interface Form-based format Extracts input data from user interface Switches data to a form-based text message as output. Adds extra text headers Next operator s number Receiver s number
Data Flow of Mobile Application Patient Name Miller Patient ID 12345 Blood Pressure 100 Blood sugar 8.0 OK Cancel Mobile Application Cell Phone [ MobileCommunicationsOperatorNumber [ CalleeNumber [ MessageBody ] ] ]
Data Flow of Mobile Communications Operator [MobileCommunicationsOperatorNumber [ CalleeNumber [ MessageBody ] ] ] Mobile Communications Operator [ NextHopIPAddress [ CalleeIPAddress [ MessageBody ] ] ]
Data Flow Between HL7 Middleware & EMR Internet Middleware EMR Query Info of EMR CheckPatient Patient Existed Request PatIent s info Return Patient s Info Return Patient s Info
Data Flow Between HL7 Middleware & EMR & VT Internet Middleware EMR VT Update Info of VT CheckPatient Patient Existed Send Update Info Send Combined Update Info (Based On HL7 Standard) OK OK OK
References [1] W.D. Ankerstjerne, M. Rehman, Wireless Technologies [2] T, Tran, H. Kim, H. Cho, A Development of HL7 Middleware for Medical Device Communication [3] R. Martí, J. Delgado, X. Perramon, Security Specification and Implementation for Mobile e-health Services [4] B. Orguna, J.Vub, HL7 ontology and mobile agents for interoperability in heterogeneous medical information systems in: Computers in Biology and Medicine 36 (2006) 817 836 [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/
Thank You
Q & A