Smart Grid Networking and Communications WAN, NAN, and HAN Communications for Substation Automation, Distribution Automation, Smart Meters, and the Smart Energy Home The Smart Grid can be called the merger of two networks: the electrical transmission & distribution network, and the modern data communications network. While communications are not new to the electrical grid, the integration of renewable power generation, electric vehicles, and even consumers themselves into the grid requires the creation of an automated, distributed, and secure control system of tremendous scale, with reliable, flexible, and cost-effective networking as the fundamental enabling technology. The vertically-integrated Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system silos of today are yielding to horizontally-layered communications architectures for substation automation, distribution automation, advanced metering, and home area networking applications. The smart grid will use a broad mix of public and private, wired and wireless, licensed and unlicensed, and standard and proprietary communications technologies. It is not uncommon to see private fiber, point-to-point microwave, and satellite for substation connectivity, with 3G cellular and thousands of unlicensed private RF mesh nodes in the distribution network within a single utility. But regulatory pressures, coupled with government funding, is spurring unprecedented standards development, challenging today s proprietary systems with internet-inspired network equipment. And datacom networking vendors are rushing to compete with established grid vendors for the smart grid opportunity. This Pike Research report examines the current state of grid communications and emerging application requirements, and defines the devices, technologies, and services within the smart grid communications universe. Unit forecasts are provided by grid application, device types, and up to 18 different public, private, wired, and wireless communications technologies. Revenue forecasts by network devices and for public carrier services are also provided. All these are further divided by region, taking into account the different structural, technical, regulatory, and funding environments in each region. KEY MARKET FORECASTS: TECHNOLOGIES: APPLICATIONS: Total Smart Grid Communications Revenue by Region, World Markets: Communications Node Forecast by Application, World Markets: Communications Device Forecast by Device Type, Units, World Markets: Communications Device Average Selling Price by Device Type, World Markets: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, World Markets: All Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets: Wireline Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets: Wireless Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2G/3G Cellular 4G Cellular (LTE, WiMAX) 802.15.4 Mesh (ZigBee, 802.15.4g, other) BPL (Broadband over Power Line) Broadband (xdsl, Cable, etc.) Copper (Dedicated lines) Fiber (SONET, Metro Ethernet) Microwave Pt2Pt (licensed and unlicensed) N-PLC (Narrowband Power Line Carrier) VSAT Satellite, other systems POTS (leased and dial-up) Proprietary Mesh (AMI systems, distribution automation systems) Proprietary Pt2MPt (licensed and unlicensed tower-based proprietary radio) TDM (T-1, Fractional T1, Frame Relay, etc.) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11, Metro Wi-Fi) WiMAX Substation Automation Distribution Automation Advanced Metering Infrastructure (smart meters) Home Area Networks Utility Backbone Communication networks GEOGRAPHIES: North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa
TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Executive Summary 2. Market Issues 2.1 The Smart Grid 2.2 Market Drivers 2.2.1 Utility Operating Cost Reduction 2.2.2 Grid Reliability and Security 2.2.3 Energy Efficiency and Management 2.2.4 Renewable and Distributed Generation 2.2.5 Electric Vehicle-to-Grid Infrastructure 2.3 Market Opportunity and Environment 2.3.1 Market Environment and Business Structures 2.3.2 Government and Regulatory Environment 2.3.2.1 North America 2.3.2.2 Europe 2.3.2.3 Asia 2.3.2.4 Latin America, Middle East, and Africa 2.4 Market Challenges and Risks 2.4.1 Interoperability and Standards 2.4.2 Security 2.4.3 Market Distortions 3. Smart Grid Applications and Networking Requirements 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Electrical Grid Overview 3.3 Smart Metering and AMI 3.3.1 Why Smart Meters? 3.3.1.1 Smart Meter Utility Operating Benefits 3.3.1.2 Consumer Energy Use Reduction Benefits 3.3.1.3 Peak Demand Shifting 3.3.1.4 Net Metering, Local Generation, and Electric Vehicle Support 3.3.2 Advanced Metering Infrastructure Architecture 3.3.3 Home Area Network Technology 3.3.3.1 HAN Requirements 3.3.4 Smart Metering Communications Requirements 3.4 Substation Automation 3.4.1 SCADA Systems 3.4.2 Physical Security 3.4.3 Workforce Communications 3.4.4 Substation Automation Communications Requirements 3.5 Distribution Automation 3.5.1 Basic Automation 3.5.2 Dynamic Feeder Reconfiguration 3.5.3 Conservation Voltage Control and Dynamic VAR Control 3.5.4 Distribution Automation Communications Requirements 3.6 Enterprise Voice and Data Communications 3.7 Derivative Smart Grid Applications 3.7.1 Outage and Fault Management 3.7.2 Asset Management and Monitoring 3.7.3 Distributed and Alternative Generation Integration 3.7.4 Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing 3.7.5 Contingency and Capacity Planning 3.7.6 Workforce Automation 4. Smart Grid Communications Architecture and Standards 4.1 The Smart Grid Architecture Challenge 4.1.1 Networking vs. Communications 4.1.2 An Example Architecture 4.1.2.1 Smart Grid Communications Devices 4.2 Smart Grid Networking Standards 4.2.1 The Internet Protocol Suite and Smart Grid 4.2.2 SCADA Standards 4.2.2.1 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) 4.2.2.2 IEC 61850 4.2.3 Emerging North American Smart Grid Standards 4.2.4 Emerging European Union Smart Grid Standards 4.2.4.1 European OPEN Meter Project 4.2.4.2 Utility-Driven Standardization 4.2.5 Asia 4.2.6 International Standards Cooperation 4.3 Smart Grid Communications Security 5. Smart Grid Networking Technologies 5.1 Private vs. Public Networks 5.2 Public Wired Technologies 5.3 Public Wireless Technologies 5.3.1 2G/3G Cellular 5.3.2 U.S. Wireless Adoption Issues 5.3.3 4G Cellular 5.3.4 Other Public Wireless Technologies 5.4 Private Wired Technologies 5.4.1 Fiber Optic Communications 5.4.2 Dedicated Copper Communications 5.4.3 Power Line Communications 5.4.3.1 Low Speed Power Line Communications 5.4.3.2 Narrowband Power Line Carrier (NPL) 5.4.3.3 Broadband-over-Power Line (BPL) 5.4.3.4 In-Home Power Line Carrier 5.4.3.4.1 HomePlug 5.4.3.4.2 HomeGrid/ITU G.hn 5.4.3.4.3 Echelon LonWorks 5.5 Private Wireless Technologies 5.5.1 Proprietary RF Mesh 5.5.1.1 Physical and Link Layer Protocols 5.5.1.2 Network Layer Protocols 5.5.1.3 Performance Characteristics 5.5.1.4 RF Mesh Vendor Examples 5.5.1.5 Home-Oriented Proprietary RF Mesh Technologies 5.5.2 IEEE 802.15.4 Standards 5.5.2.1 ZigBee 5.5.2.1.1 ZigBee Smart Energy Profile 5.5.2.1.2 ZigBee Evolution 5.5.2.1.3 IEEE 802.14.4g (SUN) 5.5.3 IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi 5.5.3.1 Metro Wi-Fi 5.5.4 Microwave Point-to-Point Links 5.5.5 Proprietary Point-to-Multipoint Communications 5.5.6 WiMAX 5.5.7 Satellite Communication 5.5.8 Summary Comparisons
6. Key Industry Players 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Selected Utility Profiles 6.2.1 Southern California Edison 6.2.2 American Electric Power 6.2.3 Austin Energy 6.2.4 CenterPoint Energy 6.2.5 Consumers Energy 6.2.6 Duke Energy 6.2.7 EDF 6.2.8 National Grid USA 6.2.9 Oklahoma Gas and Electric 6.2.10 Pacific Gas & Electric 6.2.11 PECO 6.2.12 Progress Energy 6.2.13 Salt River Project 6.2.14 San Diego Gas & Electric 6.2.15 Scottish and Southern Energy Xcel Energy 6.3 Grid Infrastructure Vendors 6.3.1 ABB Group 6.3.2 Cooper Power Systems 6.3.3 GE Energy 6.3.4 S&C Electric Company 6.3.5 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories 6.3.6 Siemens Energy 6.4 Smart Meter Vendors 6.4.1 Echelon 6.4.2 Elster Group 6.4.3 Holley Metering Ltd. 6.4.4 Iskraemeco 6.4.5 Itron 6.4.6 Landis+Gyr 6.4.7 Sensus 6.4.8 SmartSynch 7. Market Forecasts 7.1 Worldwide Smart Grid Communications Forecast & Methodology 7.1.1 Worldwide Forecast by Device Type 7.1.2 Worldwide Forecast by Technology 7.1.3 Worldwide Forecast by Region 7.2 North America Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.2.1 United States and Canada Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.3 Latin America Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.4 Europe Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.5 Asia Pacific Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.6 Middle East and Africa Smart Grid Communications Forecast 7.7 Communications Device Forecast Risks 7.8 Public Communications Service Provider Revenue Forecasts 8. Company Directory 9. Acronym and Abbreviation List 10. Table of Contents 11. Table of Charts & Figures 12. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes 6.5 Networking and Software & Systems Vendors 6.5.1 Arcadian Networks 6.5.2 Arqiva 6.5.3 AT&T 6.5.4 Aclara (ESCO Technologies) 6.5.5 Ambient Corp. 6.5.6 Amperion 6.5.7 BPL Global 6.5.8 Cisco Systems 6.5.9 Current Group 6.5.10 Grid Net 6.5.11 Nuri Telecom 6.5.12 RuggedCom 6.5.13 Silver Spring Networks 6.5.14 Trilliant 6.5.15 Tropos Networks 6.5.16 Verizon 6.6 Semiconductors and Components 6.6.1 Certicom 6.6.2 Digi International 6.6.3 Ember 6.6.4 Sierra Wireless 6.6.5 Texas Instruments 6.7 Industry Associations, Advocacy Groups, and Government Agencies 6.7.1 Edison Electric Institute 6.7.2 Electric Power Research Institute 6.7.3 ZigBee Alliance
LIST OF CHARTS & FIGURES: LIST OF TABLES: Communications Device Forecast, Units, World Markets: Communications Device Revenue Forecast by Region, World Markets: Communications Node Technology Distribution, Units, World Markets: Public Service Provider Revenue, Wireless vs. Wireline, World Markets: Communications Node Forecast by Application, World Markets: Communications Nodes by Smart Grid Application, World Markets: 2012 Communications Device Forecast by Device Type, Units, World Markets: Communications Device Revenue Forecast by Device Type, World Markets: Communications Node Technology Distribution, Units, World Markets: Communications Device Revenue Forecast by Region, World Markets: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, North America: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, United States and Canada: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, Latin America: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, Europe: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, Asia Pacific: Communications Device Revenue Forecast, Middle East/Africa: Public Service Provider Revenue by Region, World Markets: Public Service Provider Wireline Revenue by Region, World Markets: Public Service Provider Wireless Revenue by Region, World Markets: Public Service Provider Revenue, Wireless vs. Wireline, World Markets: Simplified Smart Grid Communications Architecture Simplified Grid Transmission and Distribution System Typical Smart Meter Network Architecture Example Distribution Substation SCADA System General Layout Example Distribution Feeder Devices Typical Opportunity for Volt-VAR Control Technologies Smart Grid Networking Architectural Model Overview of IEC 61850 Functionality and Associated Communication Profiles NIST Smart Grid Framework 1.0 OPEN Meter Project Scope Example SONET/SDH Application in Utility Networks Mesh Network Configurations Metro Wi-Fi Architecture for a Smart Grid Deployment Star Network Configuration Example WiMAX Smart Grid Application General Comparison of Performance vs. Cost Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, World Markets: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, World Markets: Type, World Markets: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, World Markets: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: All Node Unit Shipments by Technology, World Markets: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, North America: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, North America: Type, North America: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, North America: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, North America: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, North America: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, North America: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, North America: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, North America: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, United States: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, United States: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, United States: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, Canada: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, Canada: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, Canada: Communications Requirements Descriptions Smart Metering NAN, HAN, and AMI-WAN Communications Requirements Substation Automation Communications Requirements Distribution Automation Communications Requirements Smart Grid Networking Devices Standards Identified by NIST Revision 1.0 of Framework Document Categories of Power Line Communications for NANs Example RF Mesh NAN Systems
Relative Comparison of Smart Grid Communications Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, Latin America: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, Latin America: Type, Latin America: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, Latin America: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Latin America: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Latin America: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Latin America: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Latin America: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Latin America: Forecasted Communication Technologies Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, Europe: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, Europe: Type, Europe: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, Europe: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Europe: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Europe: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Europe: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Europe: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Europe: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, Asia Pacific: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, Asia Pacific: Type, Asia Pacific: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, Asia Pacific: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Asia Pacific: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Asia Pacific: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Asia Pacific: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Asia Pacific: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Asia Pacific: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Application, Middle East/Africa: Communications Node Unit Shipments by Device Type, Middle East/Africa: Type, Middle East/Africa: Communications Node Revenue by Device Type, Middle East/Africa: HAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Middle East/Africa: AMI-NAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Middle East/Africa: AMI-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Middle East/Africa: DA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Middle East/Africa: SA-WAN Node Unit Shipments by Technology, Middle East/Africa: HAN Communications Node Unit Shipments by Region, World Markets: AMI-NAN Communications Node Unit Shipments by Region, World Markets: AMI-WAN Communications Node Unit Shipments by Region, World Markets: DA-WAN Communications Node Unit Shipments by Region, World Markets: SA-WAN Communications Node Unit Shipments by Region, World Markets: HAN Node Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: AMI Node Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: AMI Concentrator Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: Network Interface Converter Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: Substation Router Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: Substation Ethernet Switch Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: WAN Backbone Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: Generalized Grid Router Unit Shipments and Revenue by Region, World Markets: Total Smart Grid Communications Revenue by Region, World Markets: Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets: Wireline Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets: Wireless Public Service Provider Smart Grid Revenue by Region, World Markets:
Communications Device Forecast, Units, World Markets: 60,000 50,000 Generalized Grid Router WAN Backbone Thousands 40,000 30,000 20,000 Substation Ethernet Switch Substation Router Network Interface Converter AMI Concentrator 10,000 AMI Node 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 HAN Node (Source: Pike Research) KEY QUESTIONS ADDRESSED: What are the emerging communications requirements of key grid applications, including substation automation, distribution automation, advanced metering, and home area networks? What types of communications devices are being used within smart grid communications? What grid communications standards are emerging, and how will these impact smart grid deployments? What are the benefits and trade-offs of various private and public network technologies for different smart grid applications? What are the private and/or public networking technologies being applied to the smart grid, and how do these differ by world region? What technical, economic, regulatory and policy issues are driving the communications requirements for the smart grid in each region? REPORT DETAILS: Price: Pages: Tables, Charts, Figures: Release Date: $3500 128 125 3Q 2010 WHO NEEDS THIS REPORT? TO ORDER THIS REPORT: Utilities Substation and/or Distribution Automation suppliers (equipment, software, or services) Advanced metering and in-home energy management and automation suppliers Networking and telecommunications vendors Grid and/or communications component suppliers (semiconductors, hardware, software) Investor community Government agencies and energy policy makers Standards development organization Phone: +1.303.997.7609 Email: sales@pikeresearch.com