Conference on Telecom Needs in Power Sector Session Focus on Transmission 30-05-2012
POWERGRID- Business Segments Generation Linked (carries 51% of Nation s electric power) Grid Strengthening Inter-Regional Links Inter-country links DEVELOPMENT OF INTER STATE TRANSMISSIO N SYSTEM GRID MANAGEMENT Real time Grid operation Grid Management is being looked by POSOCO, a fully owned subsidiary of POWERGRID as per GOI Directive Establishment of modern LDC Optimum Scheduling & dispatch Energy Accounting including settlements Transmission Load Dispatch & Communication (LDC) Distribution Telecom CONSULTANCY NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL TELECOM Owns & operate Fibre optic cable network Licenses NLDO,ISP and IP-1 Brand: POWERGRID is also assisting Govt. of India in its efforts for Distribution Reforms through active participation in APDRP & RGGVY
1. Incorporated in 1989 for transmission of Electric Power across the country. 2. Central Transmission Utility - Navaratna PSU - Asset of Rs. 57573 Crs as on December 31,2011 3. World's Leading Power Transmission Utility - 92,946.37 Ckt.Km line- 150 Substations as on March 31,2012 4. Technology Leader in EHVAC & HVDC Transmission. 5. 1,24,525 MVA Transformation Capacity 6. 28000 MW (Approx) Interregional Capacity 7. Telecom NLD with 25000 Km Optical Fibre Network & Internet Service Provider 8. Listed Company with holding of 1. GOI 69.42% 2. Public 30.58 % 9. Net Profit (2011-12) Rs 3225 Crores. 10. Turnover (2010-11) Rs 10785 Crores
POWERGRID ACTIVITIES Transmission plans, designs, constructs, operates and maintains the transmission systems including: substations overhead transmission systems supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) revenue metering facilities communication systems Maintainenance Fleet Telecom Network Construction & Engineering
CURRENT ASSETS As on 31st March 2012 92946 Kms of transmission 150 EHVAC /HVDC substations 124525 MVA Transformation Capacity 28000 MW Inter Regional Transfer Capacity Telecom NLDO & ISP with about 25000 Kms of Optical Fibre Network. Around 40,000 Km of OPGW under installation
Evolution of the Grid October 1991 East and Northeast synchronized March 2003 West synchronized With East & Northeast August 2006 North synchronized With Central Grid Central Grid NEW Grid South Grid SR Synch By 2014 North West South East Northeast Five Regional Grids Two Frequencies MERGING OF MARKETS Installed Capacity: 186 GW Five Regional Grids Five Frequencies Renewables: 21 GW
COMMUNICATION NEEDS Increasing dependence on SCADA systems Additional RTUs Route Redundancy Implementation of ABT and Open Access Special Protection Schemes (SPS) WAMS Technology involving PMUs / SMART GRID Line Protections Remote Operations of Sub-stations (unmanned sub-stations) VOIP & Intranet network for internal use/ MIS activities/ ERP Security Concerns
TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION ACTIVITIES SCADA update times Analog measuands 10 s Digital status 4 s Protection signals 20 ms Latency for LMU / WAMS 100 ms
Smart Transmission POWERGRID Initiatives Present Hierarchical LDC System Establishment of Unified Load Despatch & Communication (ULDC) schemes in all Five (5) regions of country Each project comprises of EMS/SCADA & Associated Communication System based on Fiber Optics/ PLCC. SCADA/EMS Project of Northern Region of India is the World s Largest of its kind with 33 Control Centers, 369 RTUs & more than 3500 Km wide band communication Network. National Load Despatch Center (NLDC) established in 2008. Unified Load Despatch & Communication 34 Nos. 51 Nos. 1322 Nos. 5 Nos. National Level Region Level State HQ Level Group of District Level Plant/Sub Station Level NLDC RLDC SLDC SUB LDC RTU
National Level NLDC NLDC SKEW In sec 30 Region Level ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC 25 State HQ Level SLDC SLDC SLDC 20 Group of Distt. Level SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC 12-15 secs 15 Plant/Sub Station Level RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU 1
Communication Media Options PLCC Analog Digital Digital Microwave Radio Licensed ( already withdrawn by MoC.) Unlicensed SATCOM VSAT GPRS based system Leased Line OPGW
OPGW vs other Design Options PARAMETERS OPGW Wireless GPRS VSAT Internet Service Voice & data Voice & data Mobile data Voice & data Data Security High Moderate Less Less Less Bandwidth Very high High Low Moderate On demand Max.Speed 10 Gbps 155 Mbps 115 kbps D-256kbps-60 Mbps U-100bps-512kbps - Transmission Continuous Continuous Packets Packets (PAD) Packets (PAD) Atmospheric interference Least High High High Network func. Availability in % 99.999 @ BER 10 E-10 99.99 @ BER 10E-6 Limited to cell 99.9 Fn. Of operator Latency (Transit delays) Nil Nil 600-700 ms 300-500ms 300-500 ms Throughput % 100 100 60 80 80 Installation cost High High Low Low Low Expandability Easy Difficult Not possible Easy Easy Repeater distance (typ) 80-90 KM 40-50 KM 20-25 km n/a - Immunity to interference Very High Prone Prone Prone - Reliability Very high High Low Moderate Low Frequency clearance NA Required Required Required -
Advantages OPGW More reliable & proven technology Minimum additional load on transmission towers as it replaces the existing ground wire Standard fittings Faster installation even in Live Line conditions Off-line installation is possible with normal stringing method. Clamping on electric poles is possible with suitable fittings Most of the Overhead Fibre Optic Cables installed and proposed to be installed by POWERGRID are OPGW cables.
Security Concerns Wireless & Public Networks Security is difficult to implement in these systems, since being in public domain, the airwaves are susceptible to snooping from anyone with an RF antenna Fibre Optic based Communication Fibre optic links are dedicated links, so they are secure from point of view of public interference. Also, the dielectric nature of optical fibre makes it impossible to remotely detect the signal being transmitted within the cable. The only way to do so is by actually accessing the optical fibre itself. Accessing the fibre requires intervention that is easily detectable by security surveillance. Thus, extremely attractive to governmental bodies, banks, power grids etc. with major security concerns.
TELECOM STRATEGIES Reducing skew & latency of SCADA data. Security of data is paramount. High speed actuation of protection signals. Leasing of Transmission & MW towers. Leasing of Dark Fibers/ Bandwidth. (IP-I & IP-II) Venturing into telecom business as NLDO / ISP Protection through diverse communication media (OPGW) besides transmission lines through PLCC.
SCADA Data acquisition by Telecom Solutions PLCC links from stations (132 kv & 66 kv) to the area /state CC. VSAT links for important remote stations to the area /state CC. OPGW network for 220 kv & above transmission network. Data routing through RTUs by redundant paths, if possible. Digital Protection Couplers envisaged to be operated by FOTS. High speed Telecom Transmission network employed for FOTS with a strong NMS system. State-of-art PDH equipment as wideband access telecom network. Digital PLCC network along with Analog PLCC links to optimize frequency crowding & channel requirement. Establishment of Main & Back-up CCs equipped with Cyber Security.
Main RLDC Back-up RLDC Main SLDC Central Sector RTUs Back-up SLDC RTUs RTUs
Telecom Technologies SCADA Data acquisition Protocols IEC -60870-5-101 / 104 protocols for RTU data SAS IEC-61850 (Substation Automation System) ICCP 60870-6 (Inter Control Centre Protocol) VSAT networks on SCPC-DAMA & TDM/TDMA IEEE C37.118 PMU / Synchro-phasor Fibers with DWSM (ITU-T 652.D / 652), DSF Aerial Fiber Cables OPGW, ADSS, Wrap around, Aerial SDH equipment STM 1/4/16 DWDM equipment up to 40 λs. PDH equipment MUX / DACS. FOTS network protection SNCP, MSP Digital Protection Couplers envisaged by PDH & SDH interfaces. Digital PLCC network. Std. IEC-60495
PMU Network Data Flow Hierarchy PDC at NLDC PDC at Back up NLDC Remote Consoles at CEA (1), NTAMC (2) Super PDCs at five RLDCs Remote Consoles at RPC (5), UT(3), States(5) Master PDCs at SLDCs Router/Switch PMU -1 PMU- n Nodal PDCs at Substations Nodal PDCs at Substations Router/Switch Router/Switch Router/Switch PMU -1 PMU- n PMU -1 PMU- n PMU -1 PMU- n
Thank You for Your Kind Attention Please!