Synchrophasors and Next Generation Energy Management Systems (EMS) Manu Parashar Celebrating the Visions of Synchrophasor Pioneers: Arun Phadke and Jim Thorp May 9 th, 2013
Analog Data Acquisition Changing Landscape 60 s & 70 s Analog / Hardwired Centralized systems 80 s & 90 s Digital /Study Mode / Modeling Offers predictive capabilities Real-Time Applications Late 90 s Energy Markets Adds uncertainty SCADA & Load Frequency Control Generation Transmission Applications Applications Training Simulator SCADA Analog Computer Database & Development Environment Reliability Economics Operator Terminal Operating System Digital Computer Power System (Generators & Tielines) Operator Console p2 Vertically Integrated Industry Deregulation
PMU Deployment within North America North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) Currently 200+ PMUs Installed. Expected to exceed 800+ PMUs by 2013 (under SGIG Investments) Source: NASPI Website (www.naspi.org)
Energy Management Systems of the Future Traditional MODEL-BASED Analysis (EMS) PMU MEASUREMENT-BASED Analysis SCADA & Alarms WAMS Other EMS Applications State Estimator State Measurement New Applications Small Signal Stability Oscillation Monitoring Transient & Voltage Stability Stability Monitoring & Control Island Management Island Detection, Resync,& Blackstart» Control Center -PDC p4
Integrated measurement-based & model-based Analysis. A nice marriage, indeed! PMU Measurement-based analysis PhasorPoint EMS Limit NEW Limit TRUE LIMIT GRID OPERATING POINT»PREDICT & MITIGATE Model-based analysis: Corrective actions based on what-if analysis
Alstom Solution Architecture PMU & RTU Aggregation Applications Wide Area Visualisation PMUs PhasorPoint Workbench Synchrophasor Framework RTUs e-terravision Energy Management System Dynamic Security Assessment e-terrabrowser»copyright ALSTOM Grid
PG&E SynchroPhasor Project Vahid Madani Project Technical Leader e-terravision Displays High Voltage SynchroPhasor Applications for the Control Center
PG&E Proof of Concept (PoC) Laboratory Vahid Madani Project Technical Leader PG&E POC facility has been instrumental in gathering the expertise to provide the industry with direction and a fast track process for maturing the standards such as the IEEE C37.118.2, C37.238, 242,244, and IEC-61850-90-5 -- "Going Beyond the Abstract" Copyright ALSTOM Grid
»Copyright ALSTOM Grid Improving Situational Awareness in the Control Room Situation Awareness Visualization Generalized Security Assessment Wide Area Visibility Steady State Security Dynamic Stability RT & Lookahead trends Correlation Synchrophasor Applications Measurement-based Applications EMS Applications DSA Applications Network Model-based Apps Production Forecast Weather conditions Non-operational Data Condition Monitoring
SynchroPhasor Wide Area Visualization (e-terravision) Angle Difference monitoring to assess wide-area grid stress Node Pair definitions and associated alert/alarm thresholds»copyright ALSTOM Grid
Dynamic (Oscillatory) Stability Management The interconnected electric power grid is one of the largest dynamic system of today Oscillations seen by SCADA and PMU data Numeric SCADA displays today Rapidly changing digits on a numeric display With synchro-phasors high resolution trend display 60.06 60.05 60.04 Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation Grand Coulee Malin Devers Frequency (Hz) 60.03 60.02 60.01 60 59.99 59.98-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (sec) p11
Oscillatory Modes Observed in Colombia (2009) Measured P / f / Mode Frequency 1/F MODE FREQUENCY Mode MODE DECAY decay TIME time EXP(-t/ Exp(-t/ ) MODE Mode AMPLITUDE Amplitude Mode Phase MODE PHASE Operations Planning A Early warning alarms of poor damping Dynamic model validation / plant performance Inter-area mode at 0.49Hz (Colombia-Ecuador). Opposing phase in South p12
Congestion Relief Dynamic Stability AREA 2 Transmission Corridor Net Transfer Capacity AREA 1 Great Britain Scotland England Interconnector Australia Queensland NSW Interconnector Model limit with margin Limit with measured damping Thermal limit +300MW +300MW p13
Renewables Integration Scotland (2012) In distribution network, increase connection capacity by constraining by angle»marginal reduction of capacity factor More capacity More energy
Distribution Fault Location using Synchrophasors A single phase to ground fault with resistance of 100 ohm on Line ID#37768062 p15
Wide Area Protection Scheme Iceland (2012) Smart Grid in the Future: Protective control schemes that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions, to preserve the integrity of the grid as an entity. Frequency rises rapidly Loss of Large Smelter in SW Angle difference increase Frequency rises more slowly E FREQ Tightly integrate fast subsecond measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc) SW FREQ Trip Gen proportionally in correct zone Nearby generators change speed/angle quickly Smelter load Main generation area p16
Islanding, Resynchronization and Blackstart Identify islanding quickly Alarm raised Islands clearly visualized»vectors: Voltage Phasors System split Reduce time to resynchronize Improve system visibility in blackstart Ice slide destroys 2 transmission towers, IRB used to monitor system to maintain synchronisation for 2 weeks
Synchrophasors: The New Heartbeat of the Grid! Enabling Intelligent Decentralized Grid Monitoring & Control Root Cause Analysis Modelling Post-Event Offline Analysis New Smart Grid Applications Generator & ISO Compliance SynchroPhasors: the new heartbeat of the grid Dynamic Security Assessment State Estimation Contingency Analysis EMS Synchrophasor Analytics Local Controls Distribution Wide Area Controls Demand Response DMS Distributed Generation
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