Unit 2: Technology Systems Computer and technology systems
So far Introduction Applications in different industries Issues Sustainability Privacy and copyright Networking
Today Learning aim B: Understand how data flows between internal components of a computer and is processed to provide information the motherboard printed circuit board (PCB) holding main components of the system central processing unit (CPU) arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), control unit, registers memory (RAM, ROM, including Flash memory) graphics/sound/video hardware heat dispersal systems fans and heat sinks storage devices solid state, optical and magnetic how internal components of a computer affect performance and user experience comparison of different specifications of internal components
Motherboard printed circuit board (PCB) holds main components of the system Provides logical connection between components Provides electrical connection for many components May have integrated components Form factor physical size Samsung Galaxy SII
Task 20 minutes Create a labelled diagram to show the main components of a motherboard (you can use a photo but you must label it) Provide notes to explain the following terms: Form factor give examples (biggest?, smallest?) Integrated components ATX PCI-E 16x PCI CMOS
Form factors
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Major manufacturers Intel, AMD Must be compatible with motherboard! The Brain - completes millions of calculations per second Power measured by speed (MHz or GHz) and amount of data that can be processed (Front Side Bus either 32-bit or 64-bit)
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), ALU may be divided into AU and LU Logical Operations: - AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NOR, NAND, Arithmetic Operations: bit addition and subtraction. multiplication and division are sometimes used, these operations are more expensive to make. Addition can be used to substitute for multiplication and subtraction for division. Bit-Shifting Operations: - shifting the positions of the bits by a certain number of places to the right or left, - considered a multiplication operation.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control unit controls much of the operation of the rest of the processor. It does this by issuing control signals to the other areas of the processor, instructing them on what should be performed next. Decoder Timer/clock Control logic circuits create control signals, What data to use, what actions to complete What to do with the results http://www.eastaughs.fsnet.co.uk/cpu/struc ture-cu.htm
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Registers Memory within the CPU Fast access Register array - instructions, data and other values that may need to be quickly accessed during the execution of a program. Program Counter (PC) Instruction Register (IR) Accumulator (A, or ACC) Memory Address Register (MAR) Memory Buffer Register (MBR) Flag register / status flags Other general purpose registers
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Cores Pads or pins? Zero Insertion Force sockets (ZIF) Land Grid Array (LGA)
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Overclocking making a processor run above its recommended speed Not recommended can result in CPU damage CPU throttling run at less than the rated speed - conserve power, produce less heat. Where would this be useful?
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Single Core CPU - One core inside a single CPU - handles all the processing. A motherboard might have sockets for more than one single processor Dual Core CPU - Two cores inside a single CPU -both cores can process information at the same time. Triple Core CPU - Three cores inside a single CPU that is actually a quad-core processor with one of the cores disabled. Quad Core CPU - Four cores inside a single CPU Hexa-Core CPU - Six cores inside a single CPU Octa-Core CPU - Eight cores inside a single CPU
Memory memory (RAM, ROM, including Flash memory) ROM Read only memory Stores the firmware to start the computer Non volatile (retained with power off) RAM Random access memory Fast storage for programs and data when the computer is running Volatile (data is lost with power off)
Flash Memory - Solid State Storage BIOS chip CompactFlash (most often found in digital cameras) SmartMedia (most often found in digital cameras) Memory Stick (most often found in digital cameras) PCMCIA Type I and Type II memory cards (used as solid-state disks in laptops) Memory cards for video game consoles
Memory ROM Read only memory Stores the firmware to start the computer Non volatile (retained with power off) RAM Random access memory Fast storage for programs and data when the computer is running Volatile (data is lost with power off)
RAM DIMM dual inline memory module Keyed to only work in correct slots
RAM Modern RAM is: DDR double data rate DDR2 faster than DDR DDR3 faster than DDR2 Adding RAM is the cheapest way of improving system performance
Activity Find the costs of: 1GB of DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 RAM A single core, dual core and quad core CPU running at the same speed. Compare Intel and AMD. Motherboards for an Intel and AMD processor using DDR2 memory and one using DDR3 memory Record the URL(s) of the site(s) you obtained the quotes from.
Activity continued Find the costs of: The cheapest SATA hard drive The cheapest DVD read/write Produce a complete cost for: The cheapest Intel based PC The cheapest AMD based PC Present your results in a table including details of your sources. (URLs)