Philip Scott Xirrus, Northern Region and Canada Director Philip.scott@xirrus.com 203-247-4412 Wild Wireless What's New and Different?
Agenda Wireless Evolution Understanding 802.11 Operation 802.11a / 802.11n / 802.11ac / 802.11ad Understanding Client Capabilities Gigabit Wi-Fi Use Cases Planning for Gigabit Wireless HotSpot 2.0 Summary Xirrus Engineered for Gigabit
Wireless Growth Christmas 2011 Day Activations ~ 7 Million Daily Activations IOS 450,000+ (est.) Android 750,000+ (est.) Consumer Device in the Enterprise 90% of organizations allow some level of personal BYOD today By 2014 some 90% of organizations will support What's Coming in 2015 > 7.1 billion mobile devices in service Mobile phones with Wi-Fi = 800+ million 802.11ac devices 0 in 2011-1 billion in 2015 100% mobile hotspots support 11ac Source: in-stat
Global Cumulative Unit Shipments (MM) Device Growth Android has Hit Critical Mass First 9 Quarters Cumulative Android Unit Shipments 80 70 Android Global Units Shipped 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Quarters After Launch Source: Gartner. Source: KPCB 6
How much data is an exabyte? It's a billion gigabytes -. Traffic Growth
Application Growth
Wireless Technologies 6.9Gbps 7Gbps+ 600Mbps 450Mbps 300Mbps 125Mbps 1.3Gbps 866Mbps 433Mbps 200+Mbps 54Mbps 65Mbps 11Mbps 1-2Mbps 802.11 11b 11a 11g 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ad
802.11 Timeline Faster >1 Gbps Wi-Fi standards coming in the next couple years New standards are at 5GHz and beyond 802.11ad >5Gbps 60GHz 802.11a 54Mbps 5GHz 802.11n 600Mbps 802.11ac >1Gbps 802.11 2Mbps 802.11 b 11Mbps 802.11g 54Mbps 2.4GHz 802.11n 300Mbps 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 Wi-Fi Standards Evolution
5GHz has 7X the bandwidth of 2.4GHz 2.4GHz Bandwidth = 3 lane road 675Mbps Total Bandwidth 5GHz Bandwidth = 21 lane freeway 4.7Gbps Total Bandwidth
Wi-Fi Operation: 802.11a/g SISO Single Input Single Output Single Data Stream Multipath Degrades Signal Data Rates Computed per packet (rating algorithms) Dependent on signal strength (RSSI) Signal to Noise (SNR) Packet Error Rate Acks
Wi-Fi Operation: 802.11n MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Channel Bonding MAC Improvements Improved Data Rates - Device capabilities will vary 65Mbps base rate 150Mbps, 300Mbps, 450Mbps,600Mbps
802.11ac Characteristics 5GHz only (standard) 2.4GHz??? Wider RF Channels: 80MHz and 160MHz Spatial Streams: 1 to 8 256QAM ~30% more efficient Battery efficiency faster transmit = more sleep time Data Rates Spatial Streams Channel Width Data Rate Throughput 1 80 433Mbps 220-250Mbps 2 80 866Mbps TBD 3 80X 1.3Gbps TBD... 8 160 6.9Gbps TBD
802.11ac Operation: MU-MIMO 866Mbps Link 11ac, with MU-MIMO improves aggregate network operation, not just link speed. 433Mbps Link 433Mbps Link 1.7Gbps Aggregate Source: eetimes.com
802.11ac Use Cases Standard Upgrade for 11a/n solutions BYOD Enablement Point to point links Home/Consumer Market Desktop display, projection TV, gaming, camcorder to display, broadcast TV HDTV Home/office video streaming, medical imaging files, Upload/Download/Backup High speed transfer, home, office business, video systems Backhaul Multimedia and point to point
Consumer Class Products Now Enterprise Class Products (Certified) 1 st Generation WFA Target Q1 2013 3 Spatial Streams 40 & 80 MHz channels 2 nd Generation 1H-2014 xx Spatial Streams 160 MHz channels MU-MIMO 802.11ac:Availability
60GHz (57-66 GHz) 802.11ad Characteristics no backwards compatibility issues Limited interference 8GHz of unlicensed spectrum Four, 2.16GHz-wide channels, Other Multiple channel (3, 4, 12, ) and channel bonding options High path-loss advantage for spatial reuse Directional/Beamforming Antennas Systems Data Rates 385Mbps to 6.8Gbps
802.11ad Use Cases Home/Consumer Market Desktop display, projection TV, gaming, camcorder to display, broadcast TV HDMI Cable Replacement HDTV Home/office video streaming, medical imaging files, Upload/Download/Backup High speed transfer, home, office business, video systems Backhaul Multimedia and point to point Manufacturing floor Source: WildPackets
Wireless Device Capability Different devices operate distinct from each other on wireless Device 2.4GHz 5GHz Max Rate Survey Criteria POS scanner X X 54Mbps Varies Location tags X NA > -60dBm Media Players (ipod Touch) X 65Mbps > -65dBm Smartphones (iphone) X Few 65Mbps > -65dBm Tablets low end (Kindle) X 65Mbps > -65dBm Tablets mid/high end (ipad) X X 65Mbps > -65dBm Netbooks X Some 300Mbps > -70dBm Laptops X X 300Mbps > -70dBm
Wi-Fi Client Capacity- Reality = 2.4GHz = 5GHz 300Mbps 65Mbps = 2.4G and 5G 300Mbps Max 65Mbps 300Mbps = 2.4G and 5G 65Mbps Max 13Mbps 52Mbps = 2.4G only 65Mbps Max 52Mbps 45Mbps 13Mbps 6.5Mbps 120Mbps 13Mbps In a Wi-Fi network, the user data rates varies with distance, device type, Wi-Fi band, and interference
Advantage of 11ac Its all about Improving the high end Gigabit speeds (1-7) and growing HD Video, Imaging, Backhaul, Offload, backup Its all about improving the Low End Improved link speed - 100+Mbps Improved overall network aggregated performance Up to 6x more power efficiency Its all about improving BYOD service (handhelds) Carriers (MWC) pushing for 11ac capabilities- move to 5Ghz (Wi-Fi offload) Apple is expected to "rapidly deploy" in APs And notebooks later this year.
Gigabit Infrastructure Design Central Controller Central Processing cannot support gigabit speeds MU-MIMO compounds issues Cabling / Infrastructure Gigabit to all APs Edge switch uplinks Upgradability Wireless Infrastructure is now 5-7 year lifecycle Device density and performance requirements will increase Rip & Replace no longer an option Follow the evolution of Ethernet
Gigabit Infrastructure Design 802.11ac Enterprise Resources Databases Apps Email 802.1ag/n 802.11g/n ID and Classify Devices Multi-State Upgradable Central Controller NAC/AAA AD/LDAP XMS 802.11b Internet Web Services
Hotspot 2.0 NGH, Passpoint, Wi-Fi Off-load
What is Hotspot 2.0? Task group formed in 2010 by the WFA Goal of Hotspot 2.0 initiative is to develop a set of standards that will simplify the Wi-Fi end-user experience by emulating cellular access, authentication and roaming methods Output of the Hotspot 2.0 task group is the Hotspot 2.0 Certification Program which is intended to insure authentication and roaming interoperability among equipment vendors and service operators
Hotspot 2.0 Objective Make Wi-Fi as seamless and secure as Cellular Cellular Hotspot 2.0 1. SP subscriber turns on his phone 1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Home SP 2. Gets cellular service automatically 3. Secure connection Cellular Device Cellular Tower (Home SP) 2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically 3. Secure connection Hotspot 2.0 STA (single or dual-mode) Hotspot 2.0 AP (Home SP) 1. SP subscriber comes to roaming partner 1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Roaming Partner 2. Gets service automatically 3. Secure connection Cellular Device Cellular Tower (Roaming Partner) 2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically 3. Secure connection Hotspot 2.0 STA (single or dual-mode) Hotspot 2.0 AP (Roaming Partner) Automatic and Secure Automatic and Secure
How Hotspot 2.0 Works
Hotspot 2.0 FEATURE Requirements IEEE 802.11u Network Discovery Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP) WPA 2-Enterprise Encryption EAP-Based Secure Authentication
Hotspot 2.0 FEATURE Requirements Provides network discovery and selection Both the client device and Wi-Fi APs must support 802.11u for it to work Uses GAS (Generic Advertisement Service) to advertise which Wi-Fi networks are available to the mobile device prior to authentication Note: with GAS, the Wi-Fi AP is responsible for relaying the mobile device s query to a server in carrier s network and for delivering the server s response back to the mobile device Uses ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) enables mobile device to discover hotspot operators domain name, roaming partners, credential type and EAP method used for authentication, IP address type (IPv4 or IPv6) and other data that can be used by the mobile device to select the best available network
WPA-2 Enterprise WPA-2 Enterprise certifies that wireless equipment is compatible with the IEEE 802.11i standard WPA-2 Enterprise formally replaces Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and the other security features of the original IEEE 802.11 standard WPA2-Enterprise certification is required to support the additional mandatory security features of the IEEE 802.11i standard that are not already included in WPA.
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) EAP is a general protocol used for authentication between a mobile device and a WLAN With EAP, a user requests connection to a WLAN through an AP, which then requests the identity of the user and transmits that identity to an authentication server such as AAA RADIUS The server asks the AP for proof of identity, which the AP gets from the user and then sends back to the server to complete the authentication Hotspot 2.0 requires the following flavors of EAP to be supported: SIM USIM Credential Type EAP Method EAP-SIM (RFC-4186) EAP-AKA (RFC-4187) X.509 certificate EAP-TLS (RFC-5216) Username/Password EAP-FAST (RFC-4851)
Summary Wireless devices and traffic is doubling yearly BYOD Newer Technologies and Protocols on Horizon Need to Intelligently address bandwidth and # of users Need to understand and address handheld capabilities Solving the capacity crunch requires: More radios Higher data links More efficient operation Need upgradable solution that can last 5-7 years
Wireless Future By 2015, 80% of newly installed wireless networks will be obsolete because of a lack of proper planning. Top Wireless Issues That May Derail Your Mobile Strategy. Paul DeBeasi, October 2011
The Modular Wireless Switch Modular Wireless Switch Dense radios (2 to 16 per Array) Directional, high gain antennas Distributed Intelligence 75% Less Equipment Cable pulls Switch ports
Summary Xirrus provides confidence your wireless network will perform under even the most demanding circumstances Wireless performance getting crushed by device and app growth Highest performance portfolio that scales and adapts to grow Wireless services that do not scale and with single point of failure Integrated network services controlled at the network edge Device explosion adding complexity and security issues Device management optimized for security and reliability
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