Cellular Systems - II Rab Nawaz Jadoon DCS Assistant Professor COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Mobile Communication
UMTS Architecture A UMTS network consist of three interacting domains; Core Network (CN) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) User Equipment (UE) The main function of the core network is to provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic. Core network also contains the databases and network management functions. 2
Cont The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM network with GPRS. All equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services. The UTRAN provides the air interface access method for User Equipment. Base Station is referred as Node-B Control Equipment for Node-B's is called Radio Network Controller (RNC). 3
Cont Here is the list of system areas from largest to smallest. UMTS systems (including satellite) Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) MSC/VLR or SGSN Location Area Routing Area (PS domain) UTRAN Registration Area (PS domain)cell 4
Conceptual Network Model (UMTS) 5
Cont RNS (Radio Network Subsystem) UTRAN Node B RNC Node B RNC 6
What is UTRAN??? The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) is the fixed network infrastructure that contains the facilities for the transmission to and from the mobile users over radio. The components of the UTRAN are the, Base stations, which are called Node B in UMTS, and Control nodes, which are called Radio Network Controller (RNC). The Radio Network Controllers are connected to the Core Network (CN). 7
UTRAN 8
Node B The functions of Node B are, Air interface Transmission / Reception Modulation / Demodulation CDMA Physical Channel coding Micro Diversity Error Handing Closed loop power control 9
Node B An important task of a node B is the inner loop power control to mitigate near-far effects. This node also measures connection qualities and signal strengths. A node B can even support a special case of handover, a so-called softer handover which takes place between different antennas of the same node B. 10
RNC --- Radio Network Controller The functions of RNC are: Radio Resource Control Admission Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Macro Diversity Ciphering Segmentation / Reassembly Broadcast Signaling Open Loop Power Control 11
Micro Diversity --- Soft Handover 12
Macro Diversity --- Soft Handover 13
E-RAN GERAN without GSM is ERAN. A GERAN without EDGE is a GRAN 14
3GPP-R99 Architecture 15
UMTS Core Network--- Overview UMTS core network together with a 3G RNS and a 2G BSS 16
UMTS Core Network--- Overview The circuit switched domain (CSD) comprises the classical circuit switched services including signaling. Resources are reserved at connection setup and the GSM components MSC, GMSC, and VLR are used. The CSD connects to the RNS via a part of the I u interface called I u CS. The CSD components can still be part of a classical GSM network connected to a BSS but need additional functionalities (new protocols etc.) 17
The packet switched domain (PSD) uses the GPRS components SGSN and GGSN and connects to the RNS via the I u PS part of the I u interface. Cont Both domains need the data-bases EIR for equipment identification and HLR for location management (including the AuC for authentication and GR for user specific GPRS data). 18
Real Motivation Reusing the existing infrastructure helps to save a lot of money and may convince many operators to use UMTS if they already use GSM. The UMTS industry pushes their technology with the help of the market dominance of GSM. This is basically the same as cdma2000, which is a evolution of cdmaone. The real flexible core network comes with releases 5 and 6, where the GSM circuit switched part is being replaced by an all-ip core. 19
Release 4 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-ip Core Network 20
Release 5 Introduced IMS and HSDPA 21
3GPP - Release 5 HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) HSDPA is a packet-based mobile telephony protocol used in 3G UMTS radio networks to increase data capacity and speed up transfer rates. HSDPA, which evolved from the WCDMA standard, provides download speeds at least five times faster than earlier versions of UMTS. HSPDA specifies data transfer speeds of up to 14.4 Mbps per cell for downloads and 2 Mbps per cell for uploads. As of 2013 HSDPA deployments can support down-link speeds of up to 99.3 Mbps 22
HSUPA and MBMS 3GPP Release 6 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s. The name HSUPA was created by Nokia. The official 3GPP name for 'HSUPA' is Enhanced Uplink (EUL). MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast services (MBMS) is a point-to-multipoint interface specification which is designed to provide efficient delivery of broadcast and multicast services, both within a cell as well as within the core network, for Example Mobile TV 23
3GPP Release 7 HSPA +, MIMO (HOM etc) HSPA+, or Evolved High-Speed Packet Access, is a technical standard for wireless, broadband telecommunication. HSPA+ provides an evolution of High Speed Packet Access and provides data rates up to 168 Mbps for downlink and 22 Mbps from the mobile device (uplink). Technically these are achieved through the use of a multiple-antenna technique known as MIMO (for "multipleinput and multiple-output ). Dual Cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA), known also as Dual Carrier, is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the downlink. 24
Comparison(R99, R4, R5) 25
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