3G Network Convergence The Road to a unified mobile network Dr. Stanley Chia Director, Strategic Technologies, Group R&D-US
Contents The OHG Harmonisation Effort and the Global 3G System Proposal MWIF Continued to Drive Network Convergence The Toronto All-IP Harmonization Meeting Putting Words into Actions 2
Strong Growth in Mobile Industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Regional 3G Technology Selection IMT2000 Submissions / OHG Formed 3
Ten IMT-2000 Terrestrial 3G System Proposals EDGE EDGE DECT DECT WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA CDMA- CDMA- 2000 2000 TD- TD- SCDMA SCDMA CDMA- CDMA- 2000 2000 WCDMA WCDMA USA Europe China Korea Japan WCDMA WCDMA WIMS WIMS 4
Giving Rise to Multiple 3G Scenarios Unified standards are good for consumers, operators & manufacturers Fragmented Standards Unnecessary costs to industry Uncertainty by application developers Complexity to consumers Two to Three Major Standards Same problem as fragmentation Maximum industry growth not realised Continuation of Standards Wars Unification of Standards Eliminates unnecessary industry costs Stimulates value-added services Meets the needs of customers 5
Two Uncompromisable Factions Chip Rate: 3.6864 Mcps Common Pilot with Code Division Multiplexing Synchronous CDMA2000 Chip Rate: 4.096 Mcps Dedicated Pilot with Time Division Multiplexing Asynchronous WCDMA IMT-2000 A Common Chip Rate Uniform Pilot Structures Asynchronous & Synchronous 6
Unwillingly Agreed to a Global Harmonization Framework Radio Access Family of 3G CDMA Modes FDD DS FDD MC TDD Flexible connection between Modes and Core Networks based on operator needs Core Network Family of 3G Systems Evolved GSM MAP Evolved ANSI-41 Core Network 3G Inter-Family Roaming Network to Network Interface MC = Multicarrier DS = Direct Spread NNI = Network Node Interface F/TDD = Frequency/Time Division Duplex 7
Which Led to the Historical OHG Agreement IMT-2000 FDD Direct Spread FDD Multi-carrier TDD Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps 3.6864 Mcps 3.84 Mcps Common Pilot CDM CDM tbd Dedicated Pilot TDM CDM tbd Synchronization Asynchronous/ Synchronous Synchronous as CDMA2000 tbd FDD = Frequency Division Duplex TDD = Time Division Duplex CDM = Code Division Multiplexing TDM = Time Division Multiplexing 8
Strong Growth in Mobile Industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Regional 3G Technology Selection OHG Agreement IMT2000 Submissions / OHG Formed 9
But The Core Network Remained More Problematic ANSI-41 based Core Network Network to Network Interface GSM-MAP based Core Network To ANSI-41CN via CDMA2000 stack To GSM-MAP CN via WCDMA stack MC-Mode MC-Mode Access Access Network Network To GSM-MAP CN via WCDMA L3 & CDMA2000 stack DS-Mode DS-Mode Access Access Network Network To ANSI-41 CN via CDMA2000 L3 & WCDMA stack 10
And the Answer is to Use Hooks and Extensions GSM MAP ANSI-41 GSM MAP ANSI-41 L3 (WCDMA) L3 RRC (WCDMA) Hooks L3 (CDMA2000) Extension L3 (WCDMA) Extension Hooks L3 (CDMA2000) (WCDMA) L3 RRC (cdma2000) L2 (WCDMA) Hooks Extension Extension Hooks L2 (cdma2000) L1 (WCDMA) Hooks Extension Extension Hooks L1 (cdma2000) Additional functionalities which needed to be specified to meet requirements when hooks are in place Functionalities specified in the initial release of the standards for future extensions without major protocol change 11
The Global 3G System Ideal Had No Real Industry Interests WCDMA, EDGE cdmaone Chip rate = 3.84 Mcps Asynchronous CDM Common Pilot TDM Dedicate Pilot Direct-Spread Mode Common TDD Mode Pilot Chip rate = 3.84 / 1.36 Mcps Other parameters tbd 2G to 3G Interoperation Chip rate = 3.6864 Mcps Synchronous CDM Common Pilot CDM Dedicated Pilot Multi-carrier Mode GSM MAP / ANSI-41 Hooks and extension to be defined to ensure handoff / roaming cdmaone CDMA2000 1X 12
Strong Growth in Mobile Industry Peak of the Internet Boom 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Regional 3G Technology Selection OHG Agreement IMT2000 Submissions / OHG Formed MWIF Formed 13
MWIF Was Formed in 2002 to Drive the Vision of Convergence A Mobile Internet Environment With: Interoperability of services and applications with all radio and other media access technologies Includes legacy wireless and wire line networks Common radio access protocol Standard open interfaces among core network components Plug and play installation and configuration True customer mobility across all networks Common service and applications development environment Single IP based backhaul network Shared equipment between the Internet and Telecommunications communities Seamless integration of mobile telephony and Internet services and content 14
Strong Growth in Mobile Industry Peak of the Internet Boom Economy Slow Down 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Regional 3G Technology Selection OHG Agreement 3G License Auctions in Europe IMT2000 Submissions / OHG Formed MWIF Formed OHG Toronto Meeting 15
Another Attempt The OHG / MWIF Toronto Meeting An IP Core Network Harmonization Workshop was held on April 3-4, 2002 in Toronto, Canada. The following conclusions and recommendations were reached: The harmonization of 3GPP/3GPP2 IP Multimedia Core Networks is a worthwhile and achievable goal. This should be pursued urgently by both PP groups. Focus the harmonization efforts to areas where synergies already exist with priority given to the harmonization of: OSA / PARLAY based service APIs. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Adopt a single IMS reference model with consistent terminology. Ensure interoperability between all IMS mobiles. Ensure application level intersystem IMS roaming 16
And There Is A Glimpse of Hope The Meeting agreed that 3GPP and 3GPP2 should: avoid duplication of work align the IMS and service aspects of their respective Reference Models collaborate closely on any requirements to be input into IETF related to SIP extensions and other issues establish formal and informal mechanisms (e.g., joint e mail exploder) to promote harmonization activities consider routes to joint requirements analysis and joint specification development work together on a common evolution strategy taking into account the vision work in other groups including ITU and IP 2 Ad Hoc It was also agreed that: the existing schedules (e.g., 3GPP Release 5) should not be negatively impacted. common mobility management is an item for future consideration. 3GPP2 should utilize 3GPP Release 5 IMS and Parlay 3.1 as the base for their on-going development activities. 17
To Put Words into Actions Vodafone Group and Verizon Wireless have jointly issued an invitation to their strategic suppliers to collaborate on identifying a common core architecture: - An architecture towards which each company can evolve its core network. - The target networks is to be based on a common standard. Such a common core network would support: - Service transparency. - Application portability. - Roaming between Vodafone and Verizon Wireless networks. 18
With A Number of Key Objectives Enable interoperability between CDMA2000 and GSM / WCDMA networks and other wireless technologies. Achieve end-user service and quality of service transparency between CDMA2000 and GSM / WCDMA operators. Share common service applications and service creation capabilities. Enable the deployment of All-IP-based network for voice, data and multimedia services. Adapt a common set of 3GPP / 3GPP2 standards. Assure a coordinated evolution plan from the existing circuit switched and packet data networks to All-IP based networks. Drive standards organization to converge to a single common core network standard. 19
An All-IP Common Core Concept A common core network is considered essential to ensure service transparency between CDMA2000 and GSM/WCDMA operators in the long term Common core network CDMA2000 RAN CDMA2000 Terminal -or- Multimode Terminal Interface 1 Interface 2 UMTS RAN UMTS Terminal -or - Multimode Terminal CDMA2000 Radio Interface Interface 3 UMTS Radio Interface WLAN 802.11b / a Radio Interface WLAN Terminal -or - Multimode Terminal 20
Some Basic Requirements for the Solution The solution should meet, at least, the following requirements: - Transparent and seamless support of current and evolving services and applications when roaming from one market to another - Seamless support of SIP based call model and service management - Provision to support legacy infrastructure in the respective networks - A common service creation platform - Evolution path to the target IP based architecture - Compatible with existing and future mobiles as well as wireless LAN based radio interfaces - Full quality-of-service support for real-time and non-real-time services IP 21
A Potential Evolution Roadmap The evolution to a common core network may need to go through two key stages: - G95 type interoperability and interworking function initially to achieve near term service transparency. - Migration to an All-IP platform by the adoption of compatible IP-based core network with capability of supporting multiple radio interfaces. Gateway A single standard Near term Interworking function IP-based multimedia domain / subsystem Long term Multiple core and multiple radio interfaces Single core with multiple radio interfaces 22
Key Steps to a Common Core Network Drive the common core solution through the standards bodies Work with suppliers to come up with a single solution Submit requirements to key infrastructure suppliers to derive solutions One core network Verizon Wireless and Vodafone to agree on common core requirements Ubiquity Transparent services 23
This time like all times is a good one, if we but know what to do with it. -Ralph Waldo Emerson Thank You 24