Wireless over Pseudowires Presented by: Giles Heron Director of Data Network Consulting October 31 st 2006 Agenda The challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- 2 10 November, 2006
3G Services are Driving Capacity Growth Goal: Improve Performance Plus Reduce cost of delivery? Services? Data Rates Enablers 2mbps 14.4mbps 14.4mbps UMTS HSDPA HSUPA Mobile RAN Releases Rel 99 Rel 4 Rel 5 3 10 November, 2006 Backhaul is The Missing Link Terminals Radio Technologies GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA WiFi WiMAX DVB-H (Mobile-TV)? Applications & Core Gaming TV Video on Demand Imaging Music Navigation Internet Remote working Applications Enhanced Network Services IMS SGSN GGSN Backhauling RAN infrastructure will have heavy commercial impact 20-30% of operator OPEX is spent in backhauling today Many of the mobile broadband enablers are already Ethernet-based Operator spending moves from radio infrastructure to transport MGW Application environment network backbone PSTN / PLMN 4 10 November, 2006
The Challenge of Future Proof Backhaul BTS Applications Enhanced Network Services IMS S Application environment ISUP GPRS EDGE R99 BTS SGSN GGSN CSCF Internet MGCF backbone PSTN / PLMN MGW HSDPA HSUPA WLAN WiMAX DVB-H 5 10 November, 2006 3G Backhaul Using MPLS CAPEX Savings vs. Backhaul 6,0 Transport CAPEX Comparison - 4xE1 12,0 Transport CAPEX Comparison - 8xE1 5,0 10,0 4,0 8,0 M 3,0 2,0 1,0 M 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 0,0 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 Number of Node Bs Number of Node Bs SDH transport and switching at site Application ( MPLS aggregation box directly in front of ) Hub Application (MPLS aggregation boxes distributed to hub sites) 6 10 November, 2006
3G Backhaul Using MPLS NETEX Savings vs. Backhaul Long-Lined E1s switch Short-Haul E1s PE Metro Ethernet PE 7 10 November, 2006 Agenda The challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- 8 10 November, 2006
UMTS Backhaul Using MPLS VP Transport N x E1 IMA VPI = 1 VPI = X PWE STM-1 VPI = 1 VPI = Y Cell VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header PW Encapsulation + Simple to provision - Inefficient transport - Requires CBR QoS for VP 9 10 November, 2006 UMTS Backhaul Using MPLS VC Transport N x E1 IMA PWE STM-1 VPI = 1 VPI = X VPI = 1 + Frame-based transport for AAL5 VCs + Enables termination at Hub for management and signalling traffic + Enables per-vc QoS (CBR, VBR, UBR) - Complex to provision 10 10 November, 2006
UMTS Backhaul Using MPLS VC cell Transport N x E1 IMA cell PWE STM-1 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header PW Encapsulation Cell Cell Cell Used to Transport Sync (AAL0) Bearer (AAL2) 11 10 November, 2006 UMTS Backhaul Using MPLS AAL5 SDU Transport N x E1 IMA AAL5 PWE STM-1 Cell Cell Cell SAR AAL5 SDU Control Word VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header PW Encapsulation SAR Cell Cell Cell Used to Transport Signalling (QSAAL) Other data 12 10 November, 2006
UMTS Backhaul Using MPLS / Termination into RFC2547 N x E1 IMA Management Router Cell Cell Cell AAL5 Term. Packet VPN Label Tunnel Label L2 Header VPN Encapsulation Packet MAC Header Used to Transport Management (Mub) Signalling (SIGTRAN) 13 10 November, 2006 CDMA 1xRTT Backhaul Using MPLS HDLC Transport BTS T1 HDLC PWE choc3 HDLC Frame HDLC Frame VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header PW Encapsulation HDLC Frame 14 10 November, 2006
GSM Backhaul Using MPLS Transport using SAToP or CESoPSN BTS E1 PWE chstm-1 Data Control Word VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header PW Encapsulation 15 10 November, 2006 GSM - GPRS Backhaul Using MPLS FR PWs Migrating to VPN FR PWE SGSN FR Packet Payload PPP FR Header FR Payload Packet FR Packet Payload Control VPN Label Word L2 FR Header Tunnel VC Label Tunnel L2 Header Label Gb interface becoming L2 Header Enables SGSN pooling VPN Encapsulation Requires -VPN for PW Encapsulation GPRS backhaul 16 10 November, 2006
Agenda The challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- 17 10 November, 2006 Reference Design Rural Deployment Optimising Capacity Capacity Today > Leased T1/E1 or PDH microwave from cell site to hub site > Leased SONET/SDH (or SONET/SDH microwave) from hub to site Solution: MPLS at Hub Site > Maintain or T1/E1 circuits to hub site > Use MPLS PWE from hub site to site Enables clear-channel transport (plus option to use Ethernet if available) Enables statistical gain between cell-sites PWE PWE MPLS Network 18 10 November, 2006
Reference Design Suburban Deployment Adding HSDPA Capacity Today > Leased T1/E1 or PDH microwave from cell site to hub site > SDH/SONET from hub site to site Solution: MPLS at Cell Site with DSL offload > Maintain or T1/E1 circuits to hub site > Add wholesale ADSL capacity for 3G data using PWE over ADSL2+ BRAS IMA DSLAM DSL Aggregation Network PoS/ GigE MPLS Network 19 10 November, 2006 PWE over DSL Backhaul Using MPLS over (RFC4023) MPLS Pseudowire PPPoA L2TP E1 FE ADSL 2+ STM-1 Node B PE DSL Modem DSLAM LAC LTS LNS PE E1 MPLS MPLS MPLS MPLS MPLS MPLS SDH Ethernet PPP PPP PPP PPP Ethernet VCmux VCmux L2TP L2TP AAL5 AAL5 UDP UDP DSL SDH SDH Ethernet 20 10 November, 2006
PWE over DSL Backhaul Using MPLS over (RFC4023) Overlay Network causes control plane challenges > tldp session as per RFC4447 can be used to provision PWs, but failure detection will be slow > VCCV-BFD from PE to PE provides faster detection > Need mechanism to notify DSL network failures to the BRAS ADSL2+ IMA DSLAM DSL Aggregation Network PoS/ GigE MPLS Network 21 10 November, 2006 Reference Design Urban Deployment Fibre to the Cell Site Capacity Today > Leased T1/E1 or PDH microwave from cell site to hub location > SDH/SONET from hub location to site Solution: MPLS at Cell Site > Use FE or GigE over fibre from cell site to hub location > Use GigE or 10GigE over fibre from hub site to site MPLS Network 22 10 November, 2006
Agenda The challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- 23 10 November, 2006 Synchronisation Distributed Use external clock at each site > Expensive proposition to provide a clock at every cell-site! PRC PRC PRC 24 10 November, 2006
Synchronisation Synchronous Physical Layer Synchronise all elements from the physical layer Distribute timing from one element to the next Well known and understood using SDH/SONET or E1/T1 circuits Ethernet Based > G.8261 Good fit for rural and suburban scenarios above Good fit for urban scenario if deploying a dedicated network T1 GigE OC-3 PRC 25 10 November, 2006 Synchronisation Adaptive Timing Monitor jitter buffer levels Perform averaging and low pass filter to detect jitter > Tolerant to packet loss and reordering > Vulnerable to low frequency jitter components Two methods: > Synchronise each pseudowire > Synchronise node using synchronisation pseudowire Synchronisation PW FE/GigE GigE/10GigE OC-3 PRC 26 10 November, 2006
Synchronisation IEEE1588 Precision Time Protocol Hierarchical tree with master/slave clocks Designed for testing/automation applications > Being enhanced for telecom applications IEEE1588 Slave IEEE1588 PTP messaging IEEE1588 Grand Master FE/GigE GigE/10GigE OC-3 PRC 27 10 November, 2006 Agenda The challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- 28 10 November, 2006
3G Backhaul Using MPLS Migration to R5 N x E1 ML-PPP GigE FE Packet PPP Header Packet VPN/VC Label Tunnel Label L2 Header VPN or -PW Encapsulation Packet MAC Header All- Transport Voice Data Signalling Management 29 10 November, 2006 Summary The Challenge of mobile backhaul Wireless over Pseudowires Reference Designs Synchronisation Future migration to all- Any Questions? 30 10 November, 2006