CLOUD COMPUTING M.N. Rao
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing M.N. RAO Director Research and Development Centre CSE Department SCET Engineering College Narsapuram Delhi-110092 2015
CLOUD COMPUTING M.N. Rao 2015 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN-978-81-203-5073-1 The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Raj Press, New Delhi-110012.
To My Parents Shri M.L. Narayana and Satyavathi Wife Bhargavi Son Revanth My Sisters Vijaya and Malathi and My Mentor Shri Satrasala Ramesh Babu
Contents Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii 1. Introducing to Cloud Computing 1 14 U Learn 1 1.1 Evolution of Cloud Computing 1 1.2 Why Cloud Computing? 3 1.3 Cloud Essentials 3 1.4 Business and IT Perspectives 4 1.5 Cloud Computing Definition 5 1.6 Benefits and Challenges of Cloud Computing 5 1.7 Limitations 6 1.8 Usage Scenarios and Applications 7 1.8.1 Uses of Cloud Computing 8 1.8.2 Example Use Applications 8 1.9 Business Models around Cloud 8 1.9.1 Advantages 9 1.9.2 Disadvantages 10 1.10 Cloud Computing Characteristics 11 1.11 Cloud Adoption 12 Summary 13 Review Questions 14 Suggested Readings 14 2. Cloud Models 15 31 U Learn 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.1.1 What is Cloud Computing? 15 2.1.2 What isn t Cloud Computing? 16 2.2 From Collaborations to Cloud 17 2.2.1 Client/Server Computing: Consolidated Appliances and Storage 17 2.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Computing: Distributing Reserves 17 vii
viii Contents 2.2.3 Distributed Computing: Contributing Additional Computing Power 18 2.2.4 Collaborative Computing: Functioning as a Group 18 2.2.5 Cloud Computing: The Subsequent Stage in Collaboration 18 2.3 Cloud Models 18 2.3.1 Public Cloud 18 2.3.2 Private Cloud 19 2.3.3 Hybrid Cloud 20 2.3.4 Community Cloud 21 2.3.5 Public Cloud versus Private Cloud 21 2.4 Cloud Application Architecture 22 2.4.1 Grid Computing 22 2.4.2 Transactional Computing 23 2.5 Cloud Computing Architecture 24 2.5.1 Front End 24 2.5.2 Back End 24 2.5.3 Advantages of Cloud Computing Architecture 24 2.6 Value of Cloud Computing 25 2.6.1 Choices for an IT Infrastructure 25 2.6.2 Bottom Line 26 2.7 Cloud Infrastructure Models 26 2.8 Cloud Infrastructure Self-Service 27 2.9 Scaling a Cloud Infrastructure 28 2.9.1 Capacity Planning 28 2.9.2 Cloud Scale 29 Summary 30 Review Questions 31 Suggested Readings 31 3. Standards and Security 32 48 U Learn 32 3.1 Introduction 32 3.1.1 Standards for Security 32 3.1.2 Standards for Application Developers 35 3.1.3 Standards for Messaging 36 3.2 Legal and Regulatory Issues 37 3.2.1 Third Parties 38 3.2.2 Data Privacy 39 3.3 Cloud Security Challenges 40 3.4 Cloud Data Security 40 3.4.1 Data-in-Transit 40 3.4.2 Data-at-Rest 40 3.4.3 Data Lineage 41 3.4.4 Data Remanence 41 3.5 Network Security 42 3.6 Host Security 42 3.6.1 Software as a Service and Platform, as well as a Service Host Security 42 3.6.2 Infrastructure as a Service Host Security 43
Contents ix 3.7 Database Management 44 3.7.1 Clustering 44 3.7.2 Replication 44 3.8 Risk Tolerance in Cloud 45 3.8.1 Assessing the Risk 45 3.8.2 Information Assets and Risk 46 3.8.3 Privacy and Confidentiality Concerns 46 Summary 47 Review Questions 47 Suggested Readings 48 4. Cloud Licensing and Major Players 49 68 U Learn 49 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Cloud Data Centre 49 4.2.1 Requirements 50 4.2.2 Comparing Traditional and Cloud Data Centres 50 4.3 Moving into the Cloud 50 4.3.1 Comparison of Traditional Computing and Cloud Computing 51 4.3.2 Benefits of Cloud Computing 51 4.4 Issues in Cloud Computing 51 4.4.1 Security Issues 51 4.4.2 Data Issues 52 4.4.3 Performance Issues 52 4.4.4 Energy Related Issues 52 4.4.5 Fault Tolerance 52 4.5 Know Your Software Licenses 53 4.6 Service Levels of Cloud Applications 53 4.6.1 Common Metrics 53 4.6.2 Cloud Computing 54 4.6.3 Service Levels 54 4.7 Major Players in Cloud Computing 54 4.8 Eucalyptus 55 4.8.1 History 56 4.8.2 Release History 56 4.8.3 Overview 56 4.8.4 Goals of Eucalyptus 57 4.8.5 Eucalyptus Architecture 57 4.8.6 Eucalyptus Terminology 57 4.8.7 Eucalyptus Components 58 4.8.8 Mechanism 60 4.8.9 Compatibility of Eucalyptus with Amazon EC2 60 4.8.10 Functionality 61 4.9 Nimbus 61 4.9.1 Goals 61 4.10 OpenNebula 61 4.10.1 Overview 61 4.10.2 History 62 4.10.3 Objectives 62
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