Metrics for Sensor Network Platforms Jan Beutel Computer Engineering and Networks Lab, ETH Zurich 19-Jun-06
Wireless Sensor Networks Visions 1991 1996 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 Ubiquitous Vision Smart Dust Directed Diffusion COTS Dust Scale Free Networks Wireless Overlay PicoRadio Paintable Computing Terminodes Applications 2000 2001 2003 2004 Argo Military Surveillance James Reserve Shooter Localization Sensor Webs Duck Island ZebraNet 2
Wireless Sensor Networks Visions 1991 1996 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 Ubiquitous Vision Smart Dust Directed Diffusion COTS Dust Scale Free Networks Wireless Overlay PicoRadio Paintable Computing WSN Community Terminodes Applications 2000 2001 2003 2004 Argo Sensor Webs Military Surveillance Duck Island James Reserve Prototypes, Experiments and Research Demos ZebraNet Shooter Localization 3
Wireless Sensor Networks Visions 1991 1996 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 Ubiquitous Vision Smart Dust Directed Diffusion COTS Dust Scale Free Networks Wireless PicoRadio Paintable Terminodes Other Overlay Computing WSN Community People Applications 2000 2001 2003 2004 Argo Production Applications Sensor Webs Military Surveillance Duck Island James Reserve Prototypes, Experiments and Research Demos ZebraNet Shooter Localization 4
Argo Global Ocean Observation Strategy Global array of temperature/salinity profiling floats Satellite data relay to data centers on shore Operational since 2000 Developed and maintained mainly by oceanographers 5
Anti-Submarine Surveillance Distributed acoustic monitoring and surveillance Advanced signal processing Mostly wireline and analog Fixed installations and mobile units Military development since the cold war 6
Globally Networked Weather Stations 7
Wireless Sensor Network Systems Today 8
Proof-of-Concept Deployment Experience 9 [Gilmann Tolle, UC Berkeley] [Koen Langendoen, TU Delft] [Prabal Dutta, UC Berkeley] [Prabal Dutta, UC Berkeley]
More Wireless Sensor Network Systems 10
Matching Applications and Platforms Large application domain No unified one-size-fits-all solution [Römer2004] Applications Good platform? Suitable solution? Optimum match?? Automated tools common in EDA community E.g. semi-automatic design space exploration [Künzli2005,Anliker2004] Current WSN community approach Device characterization, e.g. Mote family [Polastre2005,Shnayder2004] Tiered architectures [Estrin2003], WSN device classes [Hill2004] 11
Design Space Exploration Example NP Communication Computation Automated Evaluation Cipher Cipher SDRAM SDRAM RISC RISC FPGA FPGA DSP DSP LookUp LookUp Scheduling TDMA EDF proportional WFQ share FCFS dynamic fixed priority static LookUp LookUp Cipher Cipher Architecture # 1 Architecture # 2 RISC RISC DSP DSP EDF TDMA Priority WFQ static [Material courtesy of S. Künzli, ETH Zurich] 12
Matching Applications and Platforms Large application domain No unified one-size-fits-all solution [Römer2004] Applications Good platform? Suitable solution? Optimum match?? Automated tools common in EDA community E.g. semi-automatic design space exploration [Künzli2005,Anliker2004] Current WSN community Requirement approach Device characterization, e.g. Mote family [Polastre2005,Shnayder2004] WSN platform metrics Tiered architectures [Estrin2003], WSN device classes [Hill2004] Automated tools, design and evaluation methodology 13
Simple Metrics Tabular Data Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Atmel AVR + CC1000 + 3xLED + 51pin + 2xAA + Atmel AVR + CC1000 + 1xLED + 4MHz + 19pin + round + 1xCoin Cell + TI MSP430 + CC2420 + 3xLED + Sensors + USB + 1Mbit Flash + Imote ARM7 + Zeevo TC2001 + 2xDuoLED + 2xCR2 + 14
Tales of Tables Datasheet Magic Mica2 Mica2Dot Original Crossbow Mica2 and Mics2Dot Datasheets CPU: 7.3 MHz CPU: 4 MHz 15
Tales of Tables Context and Detail SPOTS Paper Atmel Datasheet 16
Simple Metrics Tabular Data Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Atmel AVR + CC1000 + 3xLED + 51pin + 2xAA + Atmel AVR + CC1000 + 1xLED + 4MHz + 18pin + 1xAA + TI MSP430 + CC2420 + 3xLED + Sensors + USB + 1Mbit Flash + Imote ARM7 + Zeevo TC2001 + 2xDuoLED + 2xCR2 + 17
State-of-the-Art Platforms System Core Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Lack of Flexibility Imote 18
State-of-the-Art Platforms Radio Systems 2 strategies Packet oriented Bitstream oriented Event-based Interaction Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Real-time processing Imote 19
State-of-the-Art Platforms Comparison Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Imote System Core Radio Systems Bias towards a special purpose 20
State-of-the-Art Platforms Comparison Mica2 Mica2Dot Tmote Sky Imote BTnode rev3 System Core Radio Systems 21
The Sensor Network Museum http://www.btnode.ethz.ch 22
Acknowledgements Thanks for numerous discussions Rob Szewczyk, Joe Polastre, Phil Levis, David Culler, Oliver Kasten, Matthias Dyer, Kay Römer, Matthias Ringwald, Lothar Thiele, Ralph Kling, Luca Negri, Henri Dubois- Ferriere and many other platform builders out there Material used in these slides is courtesy of Simon Künzli (ETH Zurich), Joe Polastre (Moteiv), Lama Nachman (Intel), Crossbow 23