Asianux Server 3 Installation Guide 1
Announcement: Asianux Server 3 is protected by applicable copyright laws and is distributed under the GNU General Public License that restricts the usage, copying, distribution and de-compilation of the software. Without prior written permission of Asianux Inc., copying, modifying or distributing any part of this document in any form or by any means is not allowed. Since various preventive measures have been taken into consideration in the process of editing of this manual, the Asianux Company shall not be liable to possible errors or missing of the contents. This publication is provided as it is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. This publication may contain technical or printing errors, for which modifications will be continually made and added to the latest versions. The Asianux Company reserves the right to add and change the product and the program introduced by this publication at any time. The Asianux Company reserves the right to give final interpretation of this document. 2007 Asianux Inc. 2
PREFACE Welcome to the Asianux Server 3 operating system. As the next generation operating system of the Asianux family, Asianux Server 3 has made significant improvements in areas of hardware devices support, installation, key features and desktop design environments, etc, which makes it better qualified for meeting the needs of offices, families and individuals in business, education, R&D, learning, entertainment, etc. New efforts have also been made in integrating applications, online upgrading and inter-platform sharing of software for the purpose of making Asianux products more user-friendly and easier in use and maintenance of the system. Audience The Asianux Server 3 Installation Guide helps users successfully complete the installation and basic configuration of the Asianux Server 3 system, and guide users in practical operation of the system. This manual will be a very useful resource for new and senior Linux users. Typographic Conventions Asianux Server 3 Installation Guide uses the characters of different fonts, font sizes and styles to represent filenames, commands, menu items and other special elements, as shown in the table below: Format Meaning Demonstration Command, filename, output message system commands, file or directory names and output messages on PC screen. Use Command ls a to list all files in the current directory; edit file /etc/fstab [ root@localhost /root ]# application name of an application or utility tool edit text file with kedit <key> keys and combined keys of the keyboard use <Tab> key to complement a command; <key1+key2> Menu Item à text file, button and menu item cited by the interface. separator between consecutive menu options Press <Ctrl+Shift> to switch between input methods. Press next to continue after confirmation. NewàUser means to open the New menu and select the User submenu. 3
user input contents typed in by the user in the command line or text box. access expert installation mode by typing in linux expert command under boot Notes and Warnings To enhance and highlight some of the important information in this manual, the following two ways are applied. Some extra information, use tips and techniques intended to help the user to accomplish work more easily. Special care should be taken on seeing this symbol which indicates some important warnings or error messages. Related Information Online help Asianux Server 3 provides rich online help information which is your main source of assistance in learning and operation of the system. You can easily solve problems with the Help Topic both in desktop environment and the command line interface. Contents PREFACE... AUDIENCE... TYPOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS... NOTES AND WARNINGS... RELATED INFORMATION... CHAPTER 1 BEFORE INSTALLATION... 1.1 INSTALLATION PLAN... 1.2 BACKING UP DATA... 1.3 INFORMATION ON THE HARDWARE AND NETWORK... 1.4 MAKING AN INSTALLATION BOOT DISK... 1.5 PREPARING ENOUGH DISK SPACE... 1.5.1 Hard disk partition... 1.5.2 Repartitioning methods... CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE... 2.1 BOOTING INSTALLATION PROGRAM... 4
2.1.1 BOOTING FROM A CD... 2.1.2 BOOTING FROM A USB FLASH DRIVE... 2.1.3 BOOT SUCCESSFULLY... 2.1.4 EFI SYSTEM... 2.1.4.1 Booting of EFI on IA32... 2.1.4.2 Booting of EFI on an Itanium2 Server... 2.1.4.3 Using the efibootmgr... 2.1.5 Booting an IBM pseries server... 2.1.6 Starting up the Linux installation program... 2.2 CHOOSING THE INSTALLATION METHOD... 2.2.1 Installing from CD... 2.2.2 Installation from a hard drive... 2.2.3 Installing from the Network... CHAPTER 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3... 3.1 STARTING INSTALLATION... 3.2 CHOOSING LANGUAGE... 3.3 LICENSE AGREEMENT... 3.4 SELECTING THE KEYBOARD STYLE... 3.5 SETTING PARTITION... 3.5.1 Naming Partition... 3.5.2 Allocating Partitions... 3.5.3 Configuring Partition Mode... 3.5.4 Partition configuration... 3.5.4.1 Software RAID configuring... 3.5.4.2 LVM configuring... 3.6 CONFIGURING BOOTLOADER... 3.7 CONFIGURING NETWORK... 3.8 SETTING TIME ZONE... 3.9 SETTING ROOT PASSWORD... 3.10 INSTALLATION MODE OF SOFTWARE PACKAGE... 3.11 GETTING PREPARED TO INSTALL... 3.12 INSTALLING SOFTWARE PACKAGES... 3.13 CONFIGURING DISPLAY... 3.14 REDCASTLE SECURE OS... 3.15 INSTALLATION COMPLETED... 5
Chapter 1 Before Installation Before installing Asianux Server 3, the administrator needs to complete the pre-install steps. To be specific, it is crating the installation plan, backing up the system or user data, verifying hardware compatibility,, planning for disk partitionng, and possibly making an installation boot disk. 1.1 Installation plan The user must make a working plan for the entire system before installing Asianux Server 3. This plan should include the selection of the hardware devices for the server, determining the type of the services to be provided as well as the performance of the system being expected. It is suggested to allocate large amount of memory, adopt a SMP system and utilize certain redundant mechanisms, such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAID for critical tasks that are based on enterprise level service platform. 1.2 Backing up data Before installing Asianux Server 3, back up the important data to the floppy, CD or magnetic tape. This is aimed at avoiding losses caused by any accident during the installation. First back up the system-partitioning table, and then the important files and data of the system. 1.3 Information on the hardware and network To ensure the smooth installation and configuration, the user should collect some machine information on the following items. Configuration information of the basic hardware: Hard disk number, size, interface type(ide or SCSI), parameters(quantity of cylinder, magnetic head and sector entries). the sequence of the disks ( if more than one hard disks have been installed.) Memory The size of the memory CD-ROM Interface type(ide, SCSI or some other types ): if it is non-ide or non-scsi, find out its manufacturer and type; if it is IDE CD-ROM, find out which IDE interface it is connected to 6
SCSI devices Manufacturer, type/model, SCSI IDs, termination settings Mouse Type (serial interface, PS/2, USB or bus-mouse), the number of buttons, serial port number that the serial mouse connects to. Display devices Video card Monitor Manufacturer, type of video card(or CMOS chip numbers that used, video card memory size) Manufacturer, model, the range of the horizontal and verticle refresh frequencies Network configuration information: Network card Modem Others Manufacturer, model, type, PCI Slot number Manufacturer, model, type, port number Host name, domain name, net mask, router (gateway) address, DNS address Asianux Server 3 has excellent compatibility with hardware. It is compatible with most hardware that produced in these years. However, as the technology standard of hardware changes frequently, it can not be guaranteed that the Asianux Server 3 can be compatible with all the users hardware. Please visit the Asianux web site: http://www.asianux.com to find the most up-to-date support information on hardware. 1.4 Making an installation boot disk An install is generally done with an installation boot CD. If the system does not support CD booting, or has some special installation requirements, an installation boot disk can be used. Image files can be found under the /image directory of the first installation CD. This directory includes a disk image for a boot device and a disk image for a bootable CD for installation across the network. Both may be required when loading installation procedure from non-standard hardware. The most commonly used image files are diskboot.img and boot.iso. diskboot.img Installation boot disk. It can be written to a USB flash drive or other bootable media. It supports installation from local CDs, network, harddisk, and PCMCIA equipment boot.iso Boot installation CD. A minimal boot environment that support installations across the network. After considering the difference among the hardware and installing medium of the host computer, the user can choose to make a boot disk before installation. Please refer to Chapter 2: Installation Procedure for information on how to choose booting mode and installing mode. 7
The Installation CD disk adds support for the hardware which is not supported by installation boot disk. The installation program will prompt the user to insert the installation CD. With the expansion of the kernel, a 3.5-inch floppy can not be used to boot the system any longer. Asianux has combined the old style boot disk and driver disk into one image to make it convenient for the user to install. The boot disk image installation needs an available USB flash drive. Please prepare a USB flash drive with a capacity of more than 12M, and make sure that the computer can be booted from this device. The next step will introduce how to make the boot CD installation from the image file. A computer that has a Linux environment or uses the Linux system of other host computer, and can run dd tool, is required. Execute the following steps: 1. Mount the CD to /mnt/cdrom directory of the system: # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom 2. Insert a USB flash drive, then input: #dd if=/mnt/cdrom/images/diskboot.img of =/dev/sda1 Use the dmesg command to check the mapping of the physical device (Here, it is USB flash drive) If other boot disks or driver disks are needed, run dd again and with the selected image file, and choose a new destination device. When making drive disk for specific hardware, such as Adaptec or HighPoint controllers, just replace the source image of the above command with correct driver image name, such as Adaptec/aarich.img. 8
1.5 Preparing enough disk space It will be better to install Asianux Server 3 into its own storage device. If that is not available, it must use a hard disk partition which is not being used by any other operating system (such as Microsoft Windows, IBM s OS/2 or another version of Linux). The Asianux Server 3 installation program will prompt the user to allocate adequate hard disk space for the installation.i It is very important to know the current configuration of the system and to prepare enough hard disk space for establishing these partitions. 1.5.1 Hard disk partition One hard disk can be divided into many partitions. Every partition is physically separated from the others. Accessing different partitions is not too unlike accessing different hard disks. There are three types of partitions. They are the primary-partition, the extended-partition and the logical-partition. One hard disk can have four primary-partitions at most. If the user wants to have more than four partitions, they should establish extendedpartition, and then establish logical-partition on extended-partitions. Asianux Server 3 can be installed on logicalpartition as well as primary-partition. Asianux Server 3 can support the coexistence of multiple systems. Running Asianux Server 3 in the role of a server, which must work for all day long, having an additional system on the same hard disk is probably unnecessary. It is better to partition a unused disk. To install Asianux Server 3, the user must distribute more than 5G hard disk space for root (./), excluding the swap partition. If the entire hard disk is used to install Asianux Server 3, or there is enough vacant space that has not been partitioned or space that has unused partition for Asianux Server 3, the user can bypass the following section, and start from the next chapter: Installation Procedure. 1.5.2 Repartitioning methods If another operation system is installed in the system and all hard disk space is occupied by it, then the hard disk partitioning must be altered to make room for the installation of Asianux Server 3. The following methods may be used to re-distribute the partitions on a hard disk for Asianux Server 3, or a new hard disk may be installed. 9
Delete existing partitions and operating system There must be one or more than one partitions that can be deleted. Delete this partition after moving the useful data on this partition to other partitions or backing up data. Release enough space to install Asianux Server 3. Backup/restore existing operating and OS into smaller partitions (repartitioning) Back up important data, and then remove and recreate the partitions on the hard disk. Leave enough space for Asianux Server 3 when partitioning. Reinstall all original operating system and applications before installing Asianux Server 3. Ghost for Linux (G4L) can be useful for doing this. Use partitioning tools Using QtParted, FIPS or other partitioning tools the user can hold the data safely while change the partition size (non-destructive resizing). It can be a risk to change the hard disk partition of the current system. A very small mistake may cause the loss of the data on the hard disk, so it is suggested to back up the important data in advance! 10
Chapter 2 Installation Procedure To start the installation of Asianux Server 3, the user needs to boot installation program. Two methods can be used: CD booting or floppy booting. 2.1 Booting installation program Use the following methods to boot the installation program of Asianux Server 3, according to the difference of the system hardware and the installation medium to be used. 2.1 Booting from a CD Booting and installing from CD is the most direct method to install Asianux Server 3. It requires that the user has the system installation CD, the user has decided to choose CD as the installation medium, and the computer supports booting from CD Begin by setting the BIOS boot order to boot from the CD-ROM first. If the user s computer does not support CD booting, please refer to "Installation mode of Asianux" 2.2 Booting from a USB flash drive If the computer does not support booting from CD, the user needs to use an alternate installation boot device. The image file of the installation boot disk is the file /images/diskboot.img on the first CD. Before using the installation boot disk, the user has to set the BIOS of the system to boot USB flash drive first. If an installation boot disk is needed, the user should make preparation in advance. For the detailed information of making a boot disk, please refer to chapter 1.4: Making an installation boot disk 11
There is no essential relationship between the medium used to boot the system and the install is completed from. After booting from CD, the user can also choose to install from hard disk or across the network. After using the first CD of Asianux Server 3 to boot system, input linux askmethod after the prompt boot:. The interface ask the user to choose the installation medium. 2.3 Boot successfully Whichever method is used, an installation startup interface will appear after booting successfully. The hints and the prompt boot: will appear on the screen and then the user can enter the graphics-mode installation interface after pressing <Enter> or just waiting for a while. Boot media start interface To use text installation mode, input linux text after the prompt boot:, and then press <Enter>. To use expert installation mode, input linux expert after the prompt boot:, and then press <Enter>. It is suggested to use the graphical mode; because it has friendly interface and can be operated easily. And it also supplies the LVM configuration which is not provides under the text mode. 12
Usually, the user only needs to use default options. Pay attention to the booting information to check if the Linux kernel detected the hardware of the computer. If the hardware has been detected correctly, the user can carry the following installation procedure. Text installation mode The operating steps of the text mode are similar to the graphical mode. They have the similar setting and using methods. It just changes its interface. If the text mode is necessary, please refer to the next chapter for the introduction to the graphical mode, the steps are similar. Currently, hard-disk installation mode, FTP installation mode and HTTP installation mode are only by the text installation interface. Expert installation mode Expert mode uses the text interface. It is used to provide driver support for some special hardware which is not supported by default. special hardware usually falls in the categories of SCSI adapters, RAID device and Network cards. Asianux Server 3 installation program has already provided users with over one hundred of drivers for this kind of equipment. But to the types without being included, the user needs to use drive floppy or drive CDs to load driver through the expert installation mode. Under the expert installation mode, installation program will ask users whether a drive disk is needed. Then it will load driver program from floppy driver (fd0) or CD-ROM. If a piece of unsupported equipment is not needed when installing Asianux Server 3, it is unnecessary to use the drive disk for it during the installation. The support for this equipment can be added after the installation completes. Asianux Server 3 has its own driver disk format. If this format is not correct, the drive may not be loaded properly. 2.2 EFI system Asianux Server 3 has already provided the support for EFI, the firmware of next generation in Intel. 13
2.2.4 Booting of EFI on IA32 Insert CD 1 into the CD-ROM, and restart the computer. Press <F2> to enter Boot manager when start boot options appears at the bottom of the screen. Choose cdrom entry1, and then start the computer from CD. Or start computer from CD directly, and then input linux efi at the boot: prompt to enable supports for EFI. A 100M- vfat partition should be established during installation; the mount point is /boot/efi. This partition must be a primary partition; and it is suggested to use the first partition on the hard drive. The rest of the installation procedures are similar to the general installation mode. 2.2.5 Booting of EFI on an Itanium2 Server On Itanium2 servers, the computer will enter into the EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) environment after the system self-check. Select to boot from the CDROM/DVD in EFI. The full name of EFI is Extensible Firmware Interface. It is a technology that is used by Intel as a replacement for the BIOS. It is used to provide functions similar to BIOS for IA-64 server system, and it is used to adjust functions of the hardware. The operation of the EFI can be simply divided into four types: start system, initialize standard firmware platform, load EFI drives library and execute relative program. Select the system that you want to enter in the starting menu of EFI system and press <Enter>. It will return to the start menu of EFI if startup fails. 14
Start menu of EFI system Turn on the power of the server; and insert the first installation CD into CDROM/DVD drive. The server will enter the EFI and start up manager after self-check is complete. Choose to boot from the CDROM/DVD in the Boot Manager menu. If there is no CDROM/DVD option, the user can adopt one of the following two methods: 1. Press EFI Shell [Built-in] in the menu to enter the EFI shell. A driver list is aotumatically displayed. The drivers which start with fs are the drives with file systems that can be recognized by the EFI. Find the line that corresponds to the system s CDROM/DVD drive, and then enter the drive identifier from the first column (commonly fs0: ) and press <Enter>. Next, enter the command elilo and to boot from the CDROM/DVD). EFI Shell 15
2. Choose Boot option maintenance menu in the menu to enter the submenu. Boot option maintenance menu Select Boot from a File. A drive list is automatically displayed. Select the CDROM/DVD from the list. Boot From a File The files on CDROM/DVD will be listed. Select elilo.efi to boot from CDROM/DVD. Select booting file 16
2.2.6 Using the efibootmgr Add a booting option #efibootmgr -c -w -L "BootOptionName" -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l \\EFI\\asianux\\elilo.efi Use the name of the hard disk device where the system is located after the parameter d, for example: /dev/hda and /dev/hdb. The parameter p is the partition number. For example: uses -p 1 for /dev/hda1, and uses -p 2 for /dev/sda2. The parameter l is followed by the location of the EFI startup file in this partition. Use \\ to separate the directory structure. For example, /EFI/asianux/elilo.efi should be written into \\EFI\\asianux\\elilo.efi. Delete a booting option # efibootmgr -b 0001 -B 0001 is the number of booting option to be deleted. It can be examined through the efibootmgr command directly. # BootCurrent: Timeout: BootOrder: 0001, Boot0001* Boot0002* Boot0003* Primary Master CDROM 10 0002, efibootmgr 0001 seconds 0003 Asianux Asianux Among this, 0001 in Boot0001 is the number; the relevant booting option is Asianux. 17
2.3 Booting an IBM pseries server Power on the server and then insert the first installation CD or bootable CD into CDROM/DVD drive. To boot an IBM pseries system from CD, the user has to select the installation boot device in the SMS (System Management Services) menu. After the server starts up, an interface which is like the following figure will appear. After keyboard appears at the bottom of the screen, press the value to select the SMS Menu, usually <1>. pseries system start up menu Then, it will enter the SMS main menu. SMS Main menu 18
Choose Select Boot Options, and then the following interface will appear. Boot option menu Choose Select Install or Boot a Device, then the following interface will appear. Choose boot device Select CD/DVD and then choose the type of bus (in most cases, it is SCSI), and then exit the SMS menu after confirming the device which contains the CD. YABOOT (the loading program used by the IBM pseries server) will be loaded from this device. There is no essential relationship between the medium used to the system and the medium the install is complete from. After booting from CD, the user can also choose to install from hard disk or across the network. After using the first Asianux Server 3 installation CD to boot the IBM pseries, the user should input linux askmethod after the boot: prompt. The interface will ask the user to choose the installation medium. For more information on IBM pseries and SMS, please refer to the following web site: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/ 19
2.3.4 Starting up the Linux installation program The following steps are about the startup of Linux kernel. The following picture shows the execution of Linux kernel. The installation interface will automatically start after this. The startup of the Linux kernel The last line running /sbin/loader indicates the startup of Linux kernel has completed, And that the installation program is running. The user can switch to different virtual consoles during installation. These virtual consoles provide all kinds of useful information and a shell to enter commands under. The information is very helpful to solve the problems during installation. The shortcut keys for each console are as following: 2.4 <Ctrl+Alt+F1> dialog box of installation <Ctrl+Alt+F4> <Ctrl+Alt+F2> shell clews <Ctrl+Alt+F5> <Ctrl+Alt+F3> Installation log <Ctrl+Alt+F7> system information Other information Graphic display Choosing the installation method Asianux Server 3 provides various installation methods. Choose a suitable method according to your needs. 20
r support booting from CD, it is suggested to boot from the first installation CD. The graphical mode will start automatically On some occasions it is inefficient to install and maintain the system using CDs., For example, when installing to a large number of computers at the same time, alternate methods such as network installation are more efficient. 2.2.1 Installing from CD Even if the computer doesn t support booting from CD, the user can install from CD after using boot disk. The alternate boot image file is the file /images/diskboot.img on the first installation CD. For detailed information of making boot disk, please refer to section 1.4 Making an installation boot disk. After booting, language and keyboard selection are complete, the following Installation Method menu will appear. Choose installation medium Select Local CDROM from the list, insert the first Asianux Server 3 CD into the CD-ROM drive. Choose OK and press <Enter>. After the CD is found, there is a step to check CD media. The integrity of the CD media can be verified at this step, or it may be skipped over by selecting the Skip button. 21
2.2.2 Installation from a hard drive If the user does not have the Asianux Server 3 installation CD, they can download or copy the ISO image of the installation CD to a hard disk, then install from hard disk. A removable media installation boot device is also needed when the user wants to install from hard disk. For detailed information on making installation boot disk please refer to 1.4 Making an installation boot disk. The installation from hard disk needs to use the ISO images file of the Asianux Server 3 CDs. Before installing, the user should put the ISO image files of the three CDs into some place on the local hard disk. Note: other.iso files should not be included under this directory. After the successful booting of installation program, choose Hard drive from the Installation Method menu, then press <Enter> to continue. Next, assign the location for the ISO image file. Refer to the following picture. Install from hard disk Assign the name of partition device that includes the ISO image file in Select Partition menu. If the ISO image files are not directly under the root directory of this partition, enter the full path name of them in Directory holding images. For example, if ISO images are under the /download/asianux directory of /dev/hda3, then enter: /download/asianux. 22
The partition storing the ISO image files must be either in the ext2, ext3 or FAT format, or the hard disk installation will not be albe to access the images. 2.2.3 Installing from the Network Asianux Server 3 supplies three methods of doing a network installation: NFS, FTP, HTTP. FTP and HTTP servers which are used by the network installation must supply a complete installation tree directory of Asianux Server 3. All the files of the there CDs must exist and be available in the repository. Copy the content of the installation CDs to network installation server using the following steps: 1. Execute the following commands using the first installation CD: # mount /dev/cdrom the first installation CD # cp -av /dev/cdrom/* filelocation filelocation represents the destination directory that will store the installation tree # umount /dev/cdrom/ 2. Copy all the files under the Asianux/RPMS directory of the second installation CD to /filelocation/asianux/rpms # mount /dev/cdrom the second installation CD # cp -var /dev/cdrom/asianux/rpms /* /filelocation/asianux/rpms # umount /dev/cdrom/ 3. Copy all the files under the Asianux/RPMS directory of the third installation CD to /filelocation/asianux/rpms # mount /dev/cdrom the third installation CD # cp av /dev/cdrom/asianux/rpms /* /filelocation/asianux/rpms # umount /dev/cdrom/ NOTE: NFS servers can either use the same method, or it is sufficient to copy the iso image for each disk into the destination directory. 23
2.2.3.1 Configuring TCP/IP To install the system across the network, an installation boot media is needed. For the detailed information on making an installation boot disk, please refer to 1.4 Making an installation boot disk. After booting the system from the installation boot media, enter linux askmethod after the boot: prompt. Choose what kind of method in the Installation Method menu. The choices are NFS image, FTP or HTTP, and then press <Enter> to continue. No matter which network installation mode is chosen, the user needs to configure the local computer s TCP/IP at first. Here is the dialog box Configure TCP/IP. TCP/IP configuration Asianux Server 3 supports IPv4 and IPv6. Enable IPv4 or IPv6 protocols as need (at least one is required), and then choose to configure the IP addresses automatically via DHCP or Manually. If the user chooses Manual configuration, a dialog box above will pop up, asking for the IPv4 or IPv6 address, gateway and name server to be used by the local computer. Press OK to continue. 24
Setting IP address 2.2.3.2 Installing from an NFS server The prerequisite of installation from an NFS server is that the network must have a NFS server which can export an installation image of Asianux Server 3. Please refer to the FAQs on the Asianux web site for details on how to configure a NFS server that can support installation. In place of copying the installation tree to a destination directory on the NFS server, the entire set of ISO image files may be in its place. Copy the ISO image files of the three CDs to one directory on NFS server (this directory should not include other.iso files), and then set this directory as the source directory for the installation. The following picture is the NFS configuration interface. Input the information on NFS server here. 25
NFS setup Enter the hostname or the IP address of the NFS server in the NFS server name. Enter the directory name which includes the Asianux Server 3 installation tree or installation CD images into Asianux Server 3 directory. For example, NFS server will export the Asianux Server 3 installation tree or installation CD image files under the directory /product/asianux/cdrom. Enter /product/asianux/cdrom in the Asianux Server 3 directory. 2.2.3.3 FTP installation When installing from a FTP server, the following FTP configuring dialog box will pop up.. Enter the hostname or the IP address for the FTP server in FTP site name field. Enter the name of directory which includes Asianux Server 3 installation tree into the Asianux Server 3 directory field. For example, FTP server stores the Asianux Server 3 installation tree under the directory /ftp/product/asianux. Enter /ftp/product/asianux in Asianux Server 3 directory field. 26
FTP setup 2.2.3.4 HTTP installation When installing from a HTTP server, the following HTTP configuration dialog box will pop up: FTP setup Input the name of HTTP site hostname ot the IP address in Web site name field. Enter the name of the directory which include Asianux Server 3 installation tree in Asianux Server 3 directory. For example, the HTTP server makes available the Asianux Server 3 installation tree under the 27
URL /product/asianux, then enter /product/asianux in Asianux Server 3 directory field. Chapter 3 Installing Asianux Server 3 The Asianux Server 3 installation program provides both a graphical interface and a text mode interface. This chapter will use the graphic installation mode as an example to introduce the specific steps to install Asianux Server 3. We suggest using the graphic installation mode for the installation, because it has friendly interface and can be operated easily. It also provides the LVM configuration function which is not included in text installation mode. The introduction to graphic installation mode in this chapter also provides information to utilize the text mode interface. 3.1 Starting installation After passing the boot: prompt, drivers have loaded, language, keyboard, options are chosen, optionally an install method is selected, and if a CD installation is begun, the option to do a media check is given, finally the system will enters the graphic installation interface which is shown in the following picture. 28
Installation startup screen At the bottom of the screen, there are three buttons: Exit, Back and Next: Selecting Exit will exit the installation program at any time and restart the computer; Back returns to the previous menu or interface; Next confirms the current operation and continues to the next installation step. The default interface language is English. Click Next to continue to the language choice menu. 3.2 Choosing Language The language chosen will be the language used during the installation and during the normal operation of the system after installation completes. The languages that can be chosen include: Simplified Chinese (简体中文), English (English), Japanese (日本語), Korean (한국어), and Traditional Chinese. 29
Choosing Language To change the environment language after completing the installation, run the command: system-config-language. Choose the language at the prompt. It will be effective after the next login. 3.3 License Agreement The following screen is the simplified License Agreement. 30
License Agreement To agree and continue the installation, select the Accept redio button, and then press Next to continue. If the user clicks Not accept, then the installation will stop. If the user needs to cancel this operation, they can click Exit. 3.4 Selecting the Keyboard style Asianux Server 3 supports two kinds of keyboard layouts, Japanese and U.S. English. 31
keyboard setup 3.5 Setting Partition To most users, the big trouble in installing Linux system is partition. In this step, the user has to tell the installation program where they would like to install the system, i.e. defining mount point for one or more disk partitions where Asianux Server 3 will be installed. By now, the user should create, modify or delete partition according to the specific situation. 3.5.1 Naming Partition Linux uniquely identifies hard disks by sequentially assigning letters to the drives as they are found. A hard disk s partitions are sequentially assigning numbers, beginning with 1, by their arrangement on each hard drive. It is specified as follows 32
The first two letters Type of device where hd IDE hard drive partition is located sd SCSI hard drive The third letter On which device partition is located a hda the first IDE hard drive hdb the second IDE hard drive sdc the third SCSI hard drive Number Partition sequence Number 1-4 means primary partitions or extended partitions, while the number for logic partition starts from 5. For example, /dev/hda3 refers to the third primary partition or extended partition of the first IDE hard disk; /dev/sdb6 refers to the second logic partition of the second SCSI hard disk. Note: if a hard disk has no partition, then no number should be added on it, which represents the whole hard disk. 3.5.2 Allocating Partitions The purpose of partitioning is to allocate one or several divisions of the storage space for the system. Linux supports multi-partition structure, where each part may be stored on different disks or different partitions. Server system generally have many partitions, so that it can be more flexible and more convenient to manage the system. The following factors are suggested to be considered when determining how to lay out the hard disk space of a Linux server: 1. The root filesystem of Linux needs a portion of the hard disk space. The user should mount the root partition as /. 2. The swap partition needs a portion of the hard disk space. The size of the swap partition depends on the required size of the virtual RAM. The size of the swap partition is generally 1~2 times as the size of the physical RAM. 3. Separate the root partition from /usr, /home, /var, /boot. Storing every critical partition on separate partitions can later make the move, backup, system restoration and management more convenient. Introduction to partition function 33
/ The foundation of whole file system (required). swap /boot Swap partition is used to support virtual memory. When there is no enough memory to operate the system with, the swap partition is used as virtual mamory. (required) Created under root, it is used to independently store system booting file. /usr Used to store system software. /home It contains the home directory of all users. /var It is used to store mail files, news files, printing queue and system journal (log) files. Used to store temporary files. It is necessary for a large, multi-user system and network server. /tmp To install Asianux Server 3, the following two partitions should are required: Root partition (/) A root partition is the place where Linux file system resides. To ensure successful installation without having separate partitions for /usr, /var and /home, the root partition should be at least 5G in size for a full installation. Swap partition (swap) The size of the swap partition should be 1~2 times that of the computer s physical RAM. In general, if the memory of system is no more than 1GB, the size of swap partition should at least be same to the memory of system. If the memory of system is bigger than 1GB, it is suggested to allocate 2GB for swap partition. 3.5.3 Configuring Partition Installation requires partitioning of your hard disk. A default partitioning layout is suggested which is reasonable for most users. You can either choose to use this or create your own. Asianux Server 3 provides four options to deal with partitions: Remove all partitions on selected drives and create a default layout. Remove Linux partitions on selected drive and create a default layout. Use free space on selected drives and create a default layout. Create a custom layout. 34
Choosing how to use the space on your hard drives depends on specific conditions. Press the "Next" button to enter the interface below. Partitioning menu 3.5.4 Partition configuration The figure below is the interface through which you can create, modify and delete hard disk partitions and define the mount point for each partition. 35
Partitioning tool The current hard disk partition of the system is listed here in a tree directory structure. If there are several hard disks, they will be marked as hda, hdb, sda, sdb respectively. If is in front of the device name of the partition, it means there are partitions not being displayed. Click on it to display them. The symbol means all partitions included have been displayed. The partition list displays detailed information of each hard disk. Each line represents a hard disk partition Device Size: Name of the current hard disk or hard disk partition Space that currently allocated to the partition (MB) Type: File system type of the partition Mount point/raid/volume The mount point of partition in directory tree, RAID device name, or LVM volume name Format: Whether to format the current partition Start: Starting physical block 36
End: Ending physical block If you do not want to see the RAID device members and the LVM volume group members in the list, select Hide RAID device/lvm Volume Group members. The buttons on the top of the partition table are used to control the partition tool s action. New: used to create a new partition in free space area. After selection, a dialog box will appear Enter partition details. Edit: select a partition and pressing this button to modify the properties of the selected partition. Delete: deletes the selected partition Reset: Disregards all modifications and to resets all partitions to their unmodified state. RAID: creates a logical device that may provide redundancy or striping fron physical partition. For the details please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3. To create a RAID device, it is required to create two or more partitions with a filesystem type software RAID. Select the RAID button to form Software RAID partitions into one or more RAID devices. LVM: Logical Volume Manager. Only with some relevant experience, can you use LVM. For details, please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3. To establish a LVM logical volume, it is required to create a partition with a filesystem type is physical volume (LVM). Once the user has already created one or multiple physical volumes (LVM), select LVM to create LVM logical volume. Do not create the /boot partition using a LVM partition. The booting program, GRUB, included in Asianux Server 3 can not read from a LVM partition. Deleting partition 37
If the remaining space of the hard disk is not enough, or there is no Linux type partition which can be reset, then the user needs to delete the original partitions first. For example, to delete Windows partition from the host machine, select this partition from current partition table, then press Delete button. Adding a new partition Select a Free Space from partition list and click the New button. The dialog below will appear. Adding a new partition Mount Point : this field is used to enter the location of a partition to be created in the installed system s directory tree. A standard mount point can be selected from drop-down menu. Input / to specify the root partition. No mount point may be specified when creating a swap partition. To create separate areas in your file system, other than root file system or swap partition, enter the mount point here, for example, /boot or /home. File System Type : choose the file system type for partitions to be created from drop-down menu. To create a swap partition, then select swap. To create the root file system, or other type of file system, then select ext2, ext3, or vfat. The default partition type is ext3. vfat is not recommended for the normal Linux file systems. Here is a brief description of different file systems and their applications. 38
ext2 An ext2 file system supports standard Linux file types (regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc). It supports long filenames which is up to 255 Characters. ext3 physical volume label (LVM) software RAID An upgraded version of ext2 file system, you can easily switch an ext2 file system to an ext3 file system and back. Its main advantage is journaling. ext3 supports journaling on an external block device. Allocates a partition for later use as a physical volume by LVM. For the detailed introduction to LVM, please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3. Allocates a partition for later use in a RAID device. For the detailed introduction of RAID please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3. swap Swap partitions, used for virtual memory. vfat A Linux file system, compatible with Microsoft Windows long filenames on the FAT file system. It dose not fully support user permissions as in a standard Linux file system. Allowable drives : The hard disk list of the system to be used for installation. The installation program will create the file system in the first selected drive with sufficient free disk space. Size (MB) : used to select the partition size (MB). The minimum size is 100MB. Additional Size Options : Fixed size means the partition size will not change; Select Fill all space up to (MB), and enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option, to reserve more space for future use. Select Fill to maximum allowable size and the partition size entered above will be the minimum size of this partition, while the new partition will occupy the large free space area available. If this option is used when creating other partitions, the system will automatically allocate space according to the proportion of the minimum size of these two partitions. Forced to be a primary partition : choosing whether the partition to be established should be one of the four main partitions. If it is not selected, the new established partition will be a logical partition. If a Swap partition of other Linux system already exists, Asianux Server 3 will use this partition instead of creating a new swap partition. Click OK, the information on the newly created partition will be displayed on the screen. After all operations are correctly completed, click the Next button. If you double click on the Free Space area, then a different style Add Partition box will appear, like the one below. Both preform the same overall function, but this one does not offer the selection of devices to create the partition on, nor does it offer the flexiable sizing options. 39
Edit partitions Select a partition from the current partition table, and click Edit button. To modify the partition s parameters. If a partition already exists on your hard disk, you can only modify the partition's mount point and file system type. To make other changes, such as its size, then first delete the partition and then recreate it. 3.5.5 Configuring Software RAID The System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 introduces the conception of RAID, the difference between hardware RAID and software RAID and the meanings of each RAID level. Please review the section on RAID in the System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 to configure software RAID during installation. In this section, we will discuss the software RAID configuring in the partitioning tool. Before creating a RAID device, a software RAID partition must be allocated. Press New to establish a new partition in the partitioning tool. The dialog box Add partition will appear. 40
Add a new RAID partition A mount point cannot be entered here. Only when the RAID device is created, can the mount point be set for it. Select Software RAID from the File System Type drop down list. Allowable drives : Select the hard disk on which to create the software RAID partition. If a computer has more than one hard disk, then all of them will be selected by default. Only one device may be selected. Unselect other device to aloe the RAID partition to be created. Size (MB) : used to enter partition size (MB) Additional Size Options : Fixed size means the partition size will not change; Select Fill all space up to (MB) and enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option to reserve more space for future use. Select Fill to maximum allowable size and the partition size entered above will be the minimum size of this partition, while the new partition will occupy the largest free space area available. If this option is used when creating other partitions, the system will automatically allocate space according to the proportion of the minimum size of these two partitions. Forced to a primary partition : choose whether the partition to be established should be one of the four main partitions. If it is not selected, the new established partition will be a logical partition. Press OK to return to the main menu of partitioning tool. Repeat the above steps to establish other partitions required to make a software RAID device. 41
Not all the partitions need the RAID redundancy mechanism. Only partitions which have a high demand for reliability or excellent performance should adopt this mechanism. For example, /home partition can be set as RAID device. After the partitions set as Software RAID have been created, the following steps can be used to create RAID devices: 1. Click the RAID button in the main interface, and the RAID options dialog box will appear. RAID Options 2. Select Create a RAID device and click OK. Then the following dialog box Create RAID devices will pop up: To use RAID, first create at least two software RAID partitions. Then create a RAID device which will be formatted and mounted. 42
Create RAID devices 3. 4. 5. 6. Enter, or select from the drop down list, the mount point for this device; Select the File System Type which will be used by the RAID devices. The default type is ext3; Select the name of RAID devices, such as md0; In RAID level, the user can select to establish one from the three levels: RAID0, RAID1 or RAID5 ; To mount the RAID device to /boot, the user should choose the RAID1 level; similarly, to make the whole / partition to be RAID devices, instead of a single /boot partition, the user must select the RAID1 level. 7. 8. 9. The software RAID partition used to establish RAID device is shown in the RAID member list. Select the partition which will be used to establish RAID device from the list. If the level type to be established is RAID1 or RAID5, the user can assign the quantity of spare partition in Number of spares field. Click OK, and then the newly established RAID device will be shown in the RAID device of the main interface. 43
RAID disk array has been set up 3.5.6 LVM configuring System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 introduces the concepts of LVM and the usage of the graphical LVM configuring tool and how to configure and manage LVM at the command line. Please review the section on LVM in System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3,prior to configuring LVM during the installation. In this section, we will introduce how to configure LVM in the Disk Druid interface. In general, the process to establish and configure LVM can be divided into three steps: Create partitions as LVM physical volume; Form a volume group using one or nore physical volumes; Create logical volumes within the volume group, and set a mount point for each logical volume. The first step to setting up LVM is to create partitions identified as LVM Physical Volumes. The following steps demonstrate this. 44
Click the New button to create a new partition in the Disk Druid partitioning tool. A Add partition dialog box will appear. Create a LVM Physical Volume partition The user can not enter a mount point here. Only after the LVM volume group has been established, can the user set a mount point for its logical volumes. Select physical volume (LVM) from the File System Type selection list. Software RAID devices (not partitions) can also be used as physical volume. Allowable drives : Select the hard disk on which the LVM physical volume will be created. If the computer has more than one hard disk, all of them will be selected by default. Only one device may be selected. Unselect other device to allow the LVM Physical Volume partition to be created. Size (MB) used to input partition size (MB) Additional Size Options : fixed size means that the partition size will not change. Select Fill all space up to (MB), and enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option to reserve more space for future use. Select Fill to maximum allowable size and the partition size entered above will be the minimum size of this partition, while the new partition will occupy the largest free space area available. If his option is used when 45
creating other partitions, the system will automatically allocate space according to the proportion of the minimum size of these two partitions. Forced to be a primary partition : choose whether the partition to be established should be one of the four main partitions. If it is not selected, the new established partition will be a logical partition. Press OK to return to the main menu of Disk Druid partitioning tool. Repeat the above steps to create other LVM Physical Volumes. The /boot partition can not be established within a volume group. To establish the root file system on a logical volume, a separated partition for /boot must be created on a non-lvm partition. The user can establish multiple logical volumes within a volume group, but a physical volume belongs only to one volume group. After establishing all the LVM Physical Volumes needed, follow these steps: 1. Click the LVM button in the main menu of Disk Druid partitioning tool. This tool is used to form a volume group from one or multiple LVM Physical Volumes. The following figure is the Make LVM volume group dialog box. 46
Creating a LVM volume group 2. 3. 4. 5. The name of volume group can be changed in the Volume Group Name text box. LVM Logical Volume allocates storage size with blocks of same size. The default size is 432MB. Optionally select another value from the list of Physical Extent. The default setting is reasonable in most cases, so it is suggested not to change it. Select the physical volume(s) to be used to form the Volume Group from those presented in the Physical Volumes to Use selection box. Create Logical Volume(s) within the Volume Group. In the area of Logical Volumes, press the Add button and the Make Logical Volume pop-up box will appear. This is used to create a new Logical Volume on an established Volume Group and set its mount point, select the file system type, name the Logical Volume and allocate space for it from within the Volume Group. 47
Creatinh a Logical Volume The user should consider leaving some space on volume group when establishing logical group, which will make the expansion of logical volume more convenient. 6. Clicking the OK button to return to the LVM menu, and add/edit/delete other Logical Volumes as needed. 7. Clicking the OK button in the main LVM menu will return to the main menu of the Disk Druid partitioning tool, and display the newly established Volume Group and Logical Volumes. Logical Volumes have been established 3.6 Configuring the Boot Loader GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) is the boot loader of Asianux Server 3. It supports Asianux Server 3 coexisting with many other operating systems, including Linux distributions, Solaris, OS/2, Windows9x / 2000, etc. It is also offer the choice of which operating system to boot. GRUB may be installed into either the Master Boot Record (MBR), or the first sector of a bootable partition (for example, /dev/hda1). 48
The MBR, a special region on the hard disk, can be automatically loaded by the BIOS. This is the default location to install the GRUB boot record. If another boot managers is in use (System Commander, Boot Manager, etc.), install GRUB in the first sector of boot partition. In this case, use the other manager to boot GRUB before booting Asianux Server 3. System with Windows 9X/2000/NT should install the boot loader into the MBR. The GRUB configuration interface is shown in the figure below: Boot loader setup Install Boot Loader record on: Choose where to install GRUB. As described above, GRUB can be installed either in the MBR, or on the first sector of the boot partition. If there is more than one SCSI hard disk or both IDE hard disk and SCSI hard disk, select the option Change Drive Order, and the installation program and reconfirm the location of MBR, which will be located on the first disk according to the order of drives in the BIOS. Label: the Label is displayed in the boot loader menu after booting GRUB. It is also entered to select the OD to start when booting in non-graphical mode. 49
Default: This OS is automatically booted by GRUB after a timeout period. New bootable partition can be added into bootloader menu by using the Add button. To modify or delete a current boot label, please click Edit or Delete after selecting the item from the list. A bootloader password provides a security mechanism to prevent other users who has access to the system from changing kernel parameters at boot time. It is recommended to set boot loader password to enhance system security. To set boot loader password, please select the Use a Boot loader password check box, and then enter password. 3.7 Network Configuration If the installation program has detected a network card in the host machine, the network configuration interface below will appear: Network configuration The installation program will automatically detect the network devices in the computer and display them in the Network Devices list. Select a network device, and press the Edit button. Then an Edit Interface pop-up screen for this network interface device will appear: 50
Edit a Network Device Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to obtain configuration information. If there is a DHCP server on the network, choose Use dynamic IP configuration to configure the IP Address and Netmask of this network device via DHCP. If it is not chosen, then manually enter IP Address and Netmask parameters. Asianux Server 3 supports IPv4 and IPv6. Choose the required protocol(s) by selecting Enable IPv4 support or Enable IPv6 support. IPv6 is short for Internet Protocol Version 6. IPv6 is the next generation protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version of the Internet Protocol, IP Version 4 ( IPv4 ). If Active on boot is selected, this network interface will be started during the system boot process. Otherwise, this device may be started manually after booting the system. Click the OK button to close the pop-up window and the previous dialog. The next step is to set up a host name for the computer. Either select Use dynamic IP configuration hostname or select configure manually and enter the desired hostname and domain in field next to the selection. 51
If hostname is not entered in this step, the system will use localhost as the default hostname. Finally, if the IP and Netmask information is entered manually, the Gateway address along with any Primary, or Tertiary DNS addresses should also be entered. The function of gateway is configure a network route to connect the host machine to the Internet or to another internal network. The three DNS options are used to configure access to any Primary, Secondary or Tertiary name servers, which will be searched in order. If installation program can't detect your network card, the network configuration interface will not appear. Users can choose to change network configuration after the installation is completed. 3.8 Setting the Time Zone Asianux Server 3 provides time zone selection for people all over the world. Time zone setting 52
If the local time zone makes use of Daylight Savings Time, and Linux is the only OS used by this computer, it is beneficial to select System clock uses UTC and set the hardware clock of the computer to UTC/GMT. This will allow for automatic adjustments based on DST. Current Microsoft based OS require the hardware clock to be set to the local time zone. 3.9 Setting the root password In a Linux system, the root user is the system administrator, and can perform any operation on the system. The root password is an important of the system security, and its security requirements are very high. As is shown below, installation program will prompt to enter system s root password. Enter a password in the Root Password field, and then enter the same password in Confirm field, and click Next. Setting the root password Passwords must contain at least 6 characters and they are case sensitive. System administrator should keep the password in mind and develop a habit of changing password regularly. System administrator can change the password when working with the system either by using the passwd command or by using the user management tools. 53
3.10 Software package Selection The Asianux Server 3 installer provides a selection of components tp choose from. It is suggested to choose Everything to install for general purposes. If there is a special need, the software packages selection can be Customized in the next step by choosing Customize form this memu. This dialog also provides for the choice of Middleware Packages and Virtualization Packages. These packages are not included in the Everything or Customize selections. Software package installation dialog 3.11 Preparing to Install After the installer has finished checking dependencies in the packages selected for installation, confirmation dialog will appear. 54
Installation Summary A complete log of the user s installation will be saved in /root/install.log. Please make sure that installation option is correct. This is the last chance where to press back and return to or cancel the installation process. Once the user presses the Next button at this step, the disk partition(s) will be formatted and the software packages will be installed. 3.12 Installing software packages The installation program will read the software package information, make necessary preparation, and then begin to copy software packages from the source. The installation will take over ten minutes, but exactly how long depends on the number of software package to be installed and the speed of the hardware. See the figure below: 55
Installing software packages A brief introduction to the system will be displayed at the top, and an installation progress indicator will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. This will help the user become familiar with Asianux Server 3 system during installation. The basic Asianux Server 3 system has three CDs. When CD is chosen as the source media, the system will prompt the user to insert the second and third CD after completing the installation from the previous CD. 3.13 Configuring Display Configuration After completing the installation of software packages, the system will prompt to configure the display. Under the Setting tab, configure the Resolution and Color depth as desired. The default resolving power is 800x600 and thousands of colors. Under the Hardware tab, configure the Monitor Type and select the appropriate Video Card. 56
The login type should be chosen depending on what the computer is to be used. There is a higher demand placed on system resources when the Graphical mode is used. If the system is used as a personal work station, choose the Graphic login mode. When it is used a server, it is suggested to use the default Text login interface. Configuring display 57
Configuring the display mode and login type 3.14 RedCastle Secure OS Asianux Server 3 supports the RedCastle Secure OS control module, which provides kernel level control over all files on, monitors and control access through specified programs or services, and can log all monitored system activity for later auditing. The system will be protected by RedCastle with the default security policy if the user Enable it in thise last step of the installation. If Enabled, To create a password for the user redcastle who cam administer RedCastle is demanded is required in order to administer the functionality of RedCastle Secure OS. 3.15 Installation completed Installation of Asianux Server 3 is about to be completed: 58
Installation completed Asianux Server 3 system has now been successfully installed on the computer! Remove any CD, floppy disk, and other media used during installation from the computer. Click on Reboot to reboot the computer. 59