The Internet and World Wide Web Chapter4 ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016
The Internet What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of millions of computers networks that connects ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 2
History of the Internet How did the Internet originate? Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information ARPANET Networking project by Pen tagon s Advanced R esearch Projects A gency (ARPA) Became functional September 1969 ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 3
History of the Internet How has the Internet grown? More Today than 150 million host nodes 1969 Four host nodes ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 4
History of the Internet Who controls the Internet? No one cit is a public, cooperative, and independent network ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 5
How the Internet Works How can you the Internet? Slow-speed technology Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive connect to High-speed connection Digital subscriber line (DSL,) cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem provide connections using regular copper telephone lines Connection is always on whenever the computer is running ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 6
The World Wide Web What is the World Wide Web (WWW?) A worldwide collection of electronic documents Also called the Web Each electronic document is called a Web page Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and animation A Web site is a collection of related Web pages ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 7
The World Wide Web What is a home page? The first page that a Web site presents Often provides connections to other Web pages ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 8
The World Wide Web What is a Web browser? Program that allows you to view Web pages Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Mozilla ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 9
Elements of the Web Browser Menu Bar Command bar URL Bar Workspace Status Bar ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 10
Internet Service Provider (ISP) Internet Service Provider (ISP,) any company that provides individuals and organizations with access to or presence on the Internet. is E. g. Batelco. ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 11
The World Wide Web What is downloading? The process of a computer receiving information The transmission of information from a local computer to a remote computer is called Uploading ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 12
The World Wide Web What is a URL? Unique address for a Web page ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2013 13
The World Wide Web What is a hyperlink (link)? Built-in connection to another related Web page location Item found elsewhere on same Web page Different Web page at same Web site Web page at a different Web site ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 14
The World Wide Web How can you recognize links? Pointer changes to when you point to a link A link can be text or an image a small hand Text links are usually underlined and in a different color ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 15
The World Wide Web What is a search engine? Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text Also called a keyword ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 16
The World Wide Web What is a portal? A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free E. g. Yahoo ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 17
The World Wide Web What is multimedia? Application integrating media elements text with other Graphics Animation Audio Video ITBIS105 IS -IT-UOB 2013 18
The World Wide Web What is animation? Appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 19
The World Wide Web What is audio? Music, speech, or any other sound Common Web audio file formats are MP3, WAV, WMA (Windows Media Audio), MPEG, RealAudio, and QuickTime ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 20
The World Wide Web What is audio? streaming Transfers data in a continuous and even flow. Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads to your computer. ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 21
Other Internet Services What is a chat? Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 26
Other Internet Services What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2013 27
Other Internet Services ITBIS105 What are newsgroups and message boards? Newsgroup Online area where users subject Message board Type of discussion group Many Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use discuss a particular IS-IT-UOB 2016 28
Other Internet Services What is a mailing list? Group of e-mail addresses given a single name When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe ITBIS105 29 IS-IT-UOB 2016
Electronic Commerce What is e-commerce? Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over the Internet Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2016 31
Emails Email (electronic mail): A computer-based system for exchanging messages through mail servers. Store-and-forward: A message delivery system in which messages are forwarded between servers and then stored on those servers until they are picked up. Mail server: an online server that sends and/or receives email messages on behalf of the email addresses it supports. Mail client: Software installed on a computer that is used to compose and manage emails.
How Email Delivery Works
Email Account Types 1- HTTP email account (Web-based) HTTP for both incoming and outgoing mail Examples, Google, Yahoo! 2- Mail clients use: POP3 Store-and-forward protocol. It holds the messages until they are picked up, but it doesn t maintain any direct communication with the email client. IMAP Post Office Protocol (POP) for incoming mail Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for outgoing mail It continues to hold the messages even after they are picked up. Anything done in the email client is reflected on the server Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) for incoming mail SMTP for outgoing mail
Pull vs. Push Technology Pull: User must request the content Email Web browsing Push: User receives content automatically Instant messaging Texting
Messaging Instant messaging Computer-based service Yahoo! IM or AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) Works on phones, but only with the right app installed Text messages Short Message Service (SMS) Works primarily on cell phones User may be charged per message on certain plans Chat rooms Public chat, multiple people at once May be web-based or application-based Internet Relay Chat (IRC) accessible through IRC client software and provides access to huge number of people discussing a particular subject.
Instant Messaging Example
Social Networking Umbrella term for sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+ User creates a profile and posts status updates, writings, photos, and forwards Some services use tags, or hashtags (#) which are searchable labels that can be added to posted content allow other people to find like-minded users Some social network are specialized (Instagram for photos, Vine for video, Reddit for news, YouTube for video-sharing)
Blogs and Microblogs Blog: A web page containing personal experiences and opinions, with posts listed most-recent-first blog platform: A web server that hosts the blogs of individuals, either free or for a small fee. Examples: WordPress, Typepad, and Blogge Microblog: A service that allows the posting of short messages. A status update service such as Twitter, limited to a very few characters per post. Unlike email, microblogs can be seen by anyone and can be commented on by anyone
Twitter Web Page Example
Wiki An online database of information that is collaboratively edited by the public
Newsgroups Newsgroups predate the web, forerunners of web-based forums that are popular today Usenet is a large global distributed discussion group network People use a newsreader application to read Usenet articles, or an email client that supports newsgroups Newsreader Software that organizes incoming messages from newsgroups and allows users to read and respond to them NNTP (network news transport protocol) transports news articles between news servers and clients reading and posting articles
Forums Forum A web-based discussion and advicesharing site. A web-based, more feature-rich type of newsgroup Users register on the web site so that their posts will be identifiable A forum thread is a post along with all the comments to it Many companies have tech support forums for their products Forum thread A post on a forum along with all the comments to it.
VoIP Voice over IP (VoIP) is used to make voice calls via the Internet Turns the voice message into data packets and sends them as if they were other Internet data IP, short for Internet protocol, is used to identify individual devices that are connected to the Internet and to route calls between them. Skype and Truphone are popular VoIP apps Some IM clients also allow you to make voice calls Apps like Skype and Facetime also allow video chat
Videoconferencing Videoconferencing is feature-rich, group video chat Can include computer application sharing, voice, text chatting, and document collaboration Videoconferencing uses the same underlying protocols as VoIP uses, but it requires much more bandwidth.
Personal vs. Professional Communication Professional communication tips Address them formally Use polite language Avoid abbreviations Avoid jargon and slang Don t use emoticons Proofread Personal Don t make inappropriate jokes Talk voice or face-to-face about important or difficult issues Avoid discriminatory language
Verbal vs. Written Communication With whom am I communicating? What is the context or subject? Am I likely to need a record of the communication? Is the speed of communication important?
Email Choosing an Online Method of Communication Used when a quick response is not essential Good for formal messages Provides a permanent records Instant messaging Quick answers, conveying short messages quickly Social networking (personal) Useful for informing friends what is happening in your life Good for posting photos and videos of recent events you ve been involved in
Choosing an Online Method of Communication Social networking (business) Blogs Increasingly used for advertising Many social networking sites are dedicated to matching job-seekers with employers Expressing your personal opinions and providing updates about yourself Microblogs Very short summary updates you want existing followers to see Forums Discussing topics of shared interest Communicating as part of a community
Choosing an Online Method of Communication VoIP calls Chatting with friends or business associates Keeping in touch with families Required a reliable high-speed web connection Videoconferencing Appropriate mainly for the workplace or schools Allows groups of people to interact visually