Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Institute of Fisheries Ecology Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg Telephone +4940 38905-290 Telefax +4940 38905-261 2012-02-28 Az.: FRV Walther Herwig III Cruise 346 31.08. 15.09.2011 Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and their Biological Effects (INMON) Scientist in Charge: Dr. Thomas Lang Summary As part of the integrated monitoring programme of the vti Institute of Fisheries Ecology (vti FOE) on contaminants and biological effects (incl. fish diseases) in marine fish species, studies were conducted in four Baltic Sea and five North Sea sampling area. In addition to the onboard examination of dab (Limanda limanda), flounder (Platichthys flesus) and cod (Gadus morhua) for externally visible diseases and parasites, a large range of fish samples were taken for the a subsequent analysis of contaminants (incl. radioactive substances) and their biological effects in the framework of national legislation (BLMP) and international monitoring programmes (OSPAR, HELCOM). Hydrographical measurements were carried out (water temperature, salinity, oxygen content, turbidity). The following preliminary findings were noted: Dab: compared to long-term data, continuation of the trend for low prevalences of lymphocystis and epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma in the North Sea (in particular in areas N01 and GB1 in the German Bight); Flounder: disease prevalences in the normal range; Baltic cod: comparatively high prevalence of acute/healing skin ulcerations in the Arkona Sea. Objectives of the Cruise 1. Studies on biological effects of contaminants; 2. Studies on the prevalence and spatial distribution of fish diseases and parasites; 3. Sampling of fish for chemical analysis of radioactive substances, trace metals and organic contaminants (in the framework of national and OSPAR/HELCOM monitoring and research projects); 4. Hydrographical measurements (salinity, temperature, oxygen, turbidity); Participants: Name Function Institution Dr. Thomas Lang Scientist in Charge vti FOE Cuxhaven Nicolai Fricke Scientist vti FOE Cuxhaven Thomas Tepperies Technician vti FOE Cuxhaven Jennifer Ipse Technician vti FOE Cuxhaven Wolfgang Lindemann Technician vti FOE Hamburg Alexander Schulz Technician vti FOE Hamburg Jan Neukirchen Technician vti FOE Hamburg Paul Kotterba Technician vti OSF Rostock Julia Heiler Student University Rostock Carolin Knörr Student University Hamburg Flemming Dahlke Student University Hamburg Dr. Alexandras Rybakovas Scientist University Vilnius, Lithuania 1
Dates of the Cruise RV Walther Herwig III left Bremerhaven in the early morning of 01.09. The scientific crew already boarded the evening before. After the passage of Kiel Channel, the vessel sailed to the first sampling areas in the Baltic Sea where work started in the morning of 02.09. in area B12 and proceeded in areas B10, B11 and B01 on the following days. The 140ft bottom trawl was used for fishing. After the end of the Baltic Sea programme, WH III sailed back to the North Sea through Kiel Channel. Due to stormy weather, work was delayed and continued on 08.09. in area N01 in the German Bight. Until 12.09., sampling was carried out in areas GB4, GB3, N11 and GB1. Due to bad weather, fishing was not possible on 13.09. and 14.09. The cruise ended according to schedule in the morning of 15.09. in Bremerhaven. The location of the sampling areas and the cruise dates are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Tab. 1. In 9 sampling areas (Fig. 1), a total of 34 fishing hauls was performed (towing time 30 60 min. each) (geographical coordinates in Tab. 1, catch composition in Tab. 2). Hydrographical measurements were made at all 34 fishery stations (geographical coordinates in Tab. 1a, results in Tab. 3). Preliminary Results 1 Dab (Limanda limanda) In total, 1,495 dab from two Baltic Sea (B01, B12) and five North Sea areas were examined for the occurrence of externally visible diseases and parasites (Tab. 4) and 501 dab for the occurrence of liver anomalies (Tab. 5). The prevalences were low in general. The prevalences of lymphocystis and epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma were particularly low in the German Bight/German EEZ (Lymphocystis: in the range 0.2 % in area GB1 and 1.2 % in area GB3; epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma: in the range 0.9 % in area N01 and 2.1 % in area GB3). For lymphocystis, there seems to be a gradient within the German EEZ with increasing values from the more coastal to the more offshore areas. In the Baltic Sea, the prevalence of lymphocystus was higher compared to the North Sea (exception GB4), which is opposite to earlier findings (in the period 1980-2000). The prevalence of liver nodules >2 mm (= tumours) was in the normal range. An exception were in area GB4 with 7 fish showing liver nodules >2 mm and 4 fish with liver nodules >5 mm out of 17 fish inspected. Dab from this area also showed an elevated prevalence of other liver anomalies (see Tab. 5). 2 Flounder (Platichthys flesus) 301 flounder from four Baltic Sea and two North Sea areas (German Bight: GB1, N01) were examined for the occurrence of externally visible diseases and parasites (Tab. 6) and, out of these, 273 specimens for liver anomalies (Tab. 7). The diseases prevalences were in the normal range; in particular fish from the areas around the island of Rügen (B10, B11) had a high prevalence of lymphocystis. Liver nodules >2 mm were only recorded in flounder from areas B10 and B11. 3 Cod (Gadus morhua) In total, 1.290 cod from four Baltic Sea and two North Sea areas were examined for externally visible diseases and parasites (Tab. 8). The prevalences of acute/healing skin ulcerations again were comparatively high, with maximum values in areas B10 and B11 (Arkona Sea) (11.6 % and 9.9 %, resp.). 4 Miscellaneous Oxygen levels in bottom water lower compared to winter 2010, but were higher than the critical value of 2.0 mg/l O 2 ) in all sampling areas. The mean catch data of the most frequent fish species are provided in Tab. 2; Tab. 3a, b give results of the hydrographical measurements. - 2 -
Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Captain Vandrei and his crew and to the scientific staff for constructive and hard work and a very good atmosphere on board. Dr. Thomas Lang (Scientist in Charge) Annex 2 Figures, 8 Tables Fig. 1: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Location of sampling sites in the Baltic Sea - 3 -
Fig. 2: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Location of sampling sites in the North Sea - 4 -
Tab. 1: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Geographical coordinates of trawling sites in the Baltic Sea and North Sea DATE STATION Area ICES- RECTANGLE LATITUDE LONGITUDE 02.09.11 001 B12 37G1 54 27,13N 11 22,44E 02.09.11 002 B12 37G1 54 25,97N 11 25,86E 02.09.11 003 B12 37G1 54 13,20N 11 33,46E 02.09.11 004 B12 37G1 54 18,32N 11 27,10E 03.09.11 005 B10 38G3 54 44,91N 13 55,74E 03.09.11 006 B10 38G4 54 50,85N 14 02,75E 03.09.11 007 B10 38G3 54 43,97N 13 56,43E 03.09.11 008 B10 38G3 54 50,18N 13 59,95E 04.09.11 009 B11 38G3 54 46,25N 13 38,84E 04.09.11 010 B11 38G3 54 44,75N 13 54,40E 04.09.11 011 B11 38G3 54 45,04N 13 47,42E 04.09.11 012 B11 38G3 54 45,68N 13 29,17E 05.09.11 013 B01 38G0 54 33,22N 10 48,02E 05.09.11 014 B01 38G0 54 31,94N 10 37,29E 05.09.11 015 B01 38G0 54 33,63N 10 30,89E 08.09.11 016 N01 37F7 54 15,67N 07 27,51E 08.09.11 017 N01 37F7 54 18,76N 07 26,49E 08.09.11 018 N01 37F7 54 15,49N 07 29,91E 08.09.11 019 N01 37F7 54 15,55N 07 30,36E 09.09.11 020 GB4 39F4 55 22,96N 04 26,86E 09.09.11 021 GB4 39F4 55 23,04N 04 32,56E 09.09.11 022 GB4 39F4 55 23,60N 04 26,62E 09.09.11 023 GB4 39F4 55 23,23N 04 30,55E 10.09.11 024 GB3 38F6 54 55,60N 06 15,95E 10.09.11 025 GB3 38F6 54 58,18N 06 21,97E 10.09.11 026 GB3 38F6 54 58,90N 06 23,35E 10.09.11 027 GB3 38F6 54 57,53N 06 19,51E 11.09.11 028 N11 40F7 55 30,52N 07 07,49E 11.09.11 029 N11 40F7 55 35,59N 07 05,82E 11.09.11 030 N11 40F7 55 34,78N 07 08,41E 12.09.11 031 GB1 37F7 54 04,38N 07 54,20E 12.09.11 032 GB1 37F7 54 06,54N 07 46,60E 12.09.11 033 GB1 37F7 54 04,47N 07 54,53E 12.09.11 034 GB1 37F7 54 04,70N 07 52,16E - 5 -
Tab. 1a: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Geographical coordinates of hydrography stations in the Baltic Sea and North Sea DATE STATION FISHING STATION AREA ICES- RECTANGLE LATITUDE LONGITUDE 02.09.11 001 001 B12 37G1 54 22,71N 11 25,01E 02.09.11 002 002 B12 37G1 54 21,46N 11 26,18E 02.09.11 003 003 B12 37G1 54 12,62N 11 40,72E 02.09.11 004 004 B12 37G1 54 22,66N 11 25,82E 03.09.11 005 005 B10 38G3 54 48,91N 13 59,12E 03.09.11 006 006 B10 38G3 54 49,08N 13 55,55E 03.09.11 007 007 B10 38G3 54 48,57N 13 56,30E 03.09.11 008 008 B10 38G3 54 46,13N 13 56,96E 04.09.11 009 009 B11 38G3 54 46,53N 13 46,20E 04.09.11 010 010 B11 38G3 54 41,66N 13 48,46E 04.09.11 011 011 B11 38G3 54 40,61N 13 47,02E 04.09.11 012 012 B11 38G3 54 45,90N 13 20,83E 05.09.11 013 013 B01 38G0 54 31,96N 10 40,76E 05.09.11 014 014 B01 38G0 54 32,79N 10 45,38E 05.09.11 015 015 B01 38G0 54 36,46N 10 25,02E 08.09.11 016 016 N01 37F7 54 18,28N 07 34,00E 08.09.11 017 017 N01 37F7 54 15,87N 07 32,00E 08.09.11 018 018 N01 37F7 54 19,90N 07 27,35E 08.09.11 019 019 N01 37F7 54 19,76N 07 30,45E 09.09.11 020 020 GB4 39F4 55 23,25N 04 32,94E 09.09.11 021 021 GB4 39F4 55 23,78N 04 25,23E 09.09.11 022 022 GB4 39F4 55 23,13N 04 30,73E 09.09.11 023 023 GB4 39F4 55 23,42N 04 26,06E 10.09.11 024 024 GB3 38F6 54 58,19N 06 22,65E 10.09.11 025 025 GB3 38F6 54 56,40N 06 15,85E 10.09.11 026 026 GB3 38F6 54 57,85N 06 19,49E 10.09.11 027 027 GB3 38F6 54 58,86N 06 22,92E 11.09.11 028 028 N11 40F7 55 35,01N 07 08,47E 11.09.11 029 029 N11 40F7 55 33,48N 07 08,22E 11.09.11 030 030 N11 40F7 55 32,53N 07 08,39E 12.09.11 031 031 GB1 37F7 54 06,60N 07 48,03E 12.09.11 032 032 GB1 37F7 54 04,37N 07 54,97E 12.09.11 033 033 GB1 37F7 54 06,37N 07 48,64E 12.09.11 034 034 GB1 37F7 54 06,92N 07 45,59E - 6 -
Tab. 2: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Mean catches of selected abundant fish species in the Baltic Sea and North Sea (n = number, kg = weight per 1 h trawling) Area Cod Whiting Haddock Herring Sprat Mackerel Dab Plaice Flounder B12 n 2 18-35 1,902 2 742 4 6 kg < 0,1 2,0-1,0 21,0 < 0,1 85,0 1,0 1,0 B10 n 187 98-720 271 - - 54 81 kg 88,0 44,0-46,0 4,0 - - 10,0 29,0 B11 n 238 102-604 690 1-24 7 kg 102,0 39,0-37,0 9,0 1,0-4,0 3,0 B01 n 1 17-106 281 1 1,107 52 2 kg 1 1,0-3,0 3,0 < 0,1 104,0 12,0 1,0 N01 n 1 1,061-1,254 1,718 6 708 8 5 kg < 0,1 33,0-10,0 9,0 1,0 18,0 1,0 2,0 GB4 n - 60-17,093 31,612 392 949 37 - kg - 3,0-533,0 507,0 45,0 64,0 16,0 - GB3 n - 4.654-1,998 640-5,095 292 - kg - 81,0-19,0 6,0-289,0 38,0 - N11 n 7 174-22,115 33,439 1,830 3,701 135 - kg 3,0 10,0-395,0 460,0 230,0 290,0 25,0 - GB1 n - 1,629-81 224 1 156 4 26 kg - 54,0-1,0 1,0 < 0,1 5,0 1,0 8,0-7 -
Tab. 3: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Water depth, temperature (T), salinity (S), O 2 saturation and O 2 in mg/l, Baltic Sea and North Sea DATE STATION AREA DEPTH (m) T ( C) S (PSU) O 2- SATURATION (%) O 2 (mg/l) 02.09.11 001 B12 3 16,36 13,27 95,67 8,65 18 14,31 19,74 70,12 6,36 002 4 16,42 11,92 100,04 9,10 23 14,25 19,95 69,74 6,32 003 2 16,65 11,73 101,3 9,19 22 10,40 22,81 21,96 2,12 004 2 16,71 12,90 100,91 9,08 21 11,98 23,52 57,84 5,38 03.09.11 005 B10 2 15,76 7,54 98,33 9,32 21 11,66 10,18 69,85 7,11 006 2 15,47 7,31 97,61 9,32 24 12,73 11,27 58,54 5,77 007 3 15,71 7,35 100,15 9,51 16 11,69 10,52 46,17 4,69 008 3 16,02 7,49 100,98 9,52 15 14,74 8,27 83,67 8,06 04.09.11 009 B11 3 15,60 7,25 99,11 9,44 19 11,28 11,21 53,68 5,48 010 3 15,95 7,50 99,46 9,39 22 13,02 13,66 38,69 3,74 011 3 16,19 7,56 100,17 9,41 21 11,93 10,38 66,02 6,68 012 4 16,06 7,55 99,97 9,41 20 12,43 14,68 46,21 4,50 05.09.11 013 B01 3 17,08 15,67 106,02 9,31 18 13,22 23,53 55,30 5,01 014 3 17,10 15,84 107,29 9,41 36 13,24 23,29 59,44 5,39 015 2 17,06 15,64 105,27 9,23 37 13,51 20,37 85,26 7,83 08.09.11 016 N01 3 16,94 33,50 94,56 7,47 39 17,01 33,55 93,18 7,35 017 2 17,01 33,29 91,76 7,25 23 17,08 33,39 91,25 7,20 018 3 16,99 33,53 93,49 7,38 22 17,01 33,53 93,01 7,34 019 3 16,95 33,41 93,36 7,38 27 16,91 33,45 92,38 7,31-8 -
Tab. 3: (cont.) 09.09.11 020 GB4 3 14,06 34,80 93,82 7,79 52 10,04 34,86 68,11 6,15 021 3 13,99 34,76 94,33 7,84 52 9,99 34,83 66,3 5,99 022 3 14,14 34,78 95,17 7,89 52 9,85 34,83 66,62 6,04 023 3 14,10 34,77 94,88 7,87 53 9,99 34,83 66,36 6,00 10.09.11 024 GB3 3 16,49 34,35 94,72 7,51 53 16,49 34,35 94,5 7,50 025 3 16,46 34,42 94,97 7,53 66 16,45 34,42 94,72 7,52 026 3 16,59 34,37 96,36 7,63 66 16,51 34,36 94,56 7,50 027 3 16,62 34,35 96,84 7,66 67 16,50 34,34 94,76 7,51 11.09.11 028 N11 3 16,58 33,88 93,74 7,44 34 16,57 33,90 93,58 7,43 029 4 16,55 33,92 94,29 7,49 37 16,54 33,92 93,85 7,45 030 4 16,62 33,90 93,85 7,44 35 16,53 33,92 92,1 7,33 12.09.11 031 GB1 3 17,09 32,37 95,46 7,57 33 17,10 33,23 87,95 6,94 032 3 17,15 32,48 96,82 7,67 39 17,09 32,99 87,45 6,91 033 4 17,07 32,52 93,5 7,41 39 17,12 33,20 86,95 6,86 034 3 17,08 33,00 88,71 7,01 41 17,13 33,13 86,58 6,83-9 -
Area Tab. 4: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Prevalences (%) of externally visible diseases and parasites in dab (Limanda limanda) from the Baltic Sea and North Sea N unt Ly Ep Hyp/Pap Ulc Ak/Hei Flo Ak/Hei KieHy Skel Def Hyp Pig Steph Acanth Lepe Myxo B12 530 11,5 0,8 2,8 0,2 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 B01 658 7,4 0,9 1,8 0,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,3 0,3 N01 677 0,6 0,9 1,5 0,3 0,0 0,4 3,4 1,9 2,1 6,2 17,7 GB4 666 14,1 2,0 3,8 1,8 0,5 0,0 42,2 93,8 2,4 6,9 13,2 GB3 679 1,2 2,1 1,2 0,9 0,1 0,6 13,1 19,1 3,1 13,8 13,8 N11 545 1,3 2,8 8,1 1,5 0,0 0,0 22,6 15,8 7,3 20,7 11,7 GB1 440 0,2 1,4 2,0 0,9 0,0 0,2 3,6 5,2 4,8 6,8 22,0 Sum 4,195 Tab. 5: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Prevalences (%) of liver anomalies in dab (Limanda limanda) from the Baltic Sea and North Sea Area B01 N01 GB4 GB3 N11 GB1 Length (cm) N Liver nodules (mm) unt von bis Green Livers Nematodes Acanthoceph. 20 24 54 5,6 0,0 0,0 5,6 0,0 0,0 25 40 50 4,0 0,0 0,0 4,0 0,0 0,0 20 24 55 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 25 40 2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 20 24 54 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 5,6 0,0 25 40 17 41,2 23,5 5,9 17,6 5,9 5,9 20 24 57 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 3,5 1,8 25 40 56 3,6 1,8 1,8 0,0 0,0 0,0 20 24 57 3,5 1,8 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 25 40 55 7,3 1,8 0,0 0,0 1,8 0,0 20 24 42 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 25 40 2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Sum 501 Tab. 6: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Prevalences (%) of externally visible diseases and parasites in flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Baltic Sea and North Sea Area N unt Ly Ulc Ak/Hei Flo Ak/Hei Skel Def Hyp Pig Cryp Lepe B12 23 13,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 69,6 13,0 B10 128 25,8 9,4 0,0 2,3 2,3 60,2 0,0 B11 28 25,0 7,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 60,7 0,0 B01 7 14,3 14,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 57,1 14,3 N01 20 20,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 95,0 GB1 95 8,4 1,1 1,1 0,0 1,1 0,0 95,8 Sum 301-10 -
Tab. 7: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Prevalences (%) of liver anomalies in flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Baltic Sea and North Sea Area N unt Liver nodules (mm) Green Livers Nematodes Acanthoceph. B12 23 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 8,7 4,3 B10 100 2,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,0 9,0 B11 28 10,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 7,1 B01 7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 N01 20 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 GB1 95 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 4,2 Sum 273 Tab. 8: Cruise 346 RV 'Walther Herwig III', 31.08. 15.09.2011: Prevalences (%) of externally visible diseases and parasites in cod (Gadus morhua) from the Baltic Sea Area N unt Ulc Ak/Hei Skel Def PBT NetzAb Locera Clav Cryp Loma B12 2 50,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 50,0 0,0 B10 740 11,6 3,8 0,0 0,0 0,5 0,0 15,1 31,8 B11 534 9,9 4,5 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 21,3 48,5 B01 3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 33,3 100,0 N11 10 0,0 10,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 GB1 1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 0,0 Sum 1.290 Abbreviations: N unt : Number examined Acanthoceph. : Acanthocephaleans, liver Ly : Lymphocystis Steph : Stephanostomum baccatum Ep Hyp/Pap : Epidermal hyperplasia/papilloma Acanth : Acanthochondria cornuta Ulc Ak/Hei : Skin ulcerationen, acute/healing Lepe : Lepeophtheirus pectoralis Flo Ak/Hei : Fin rot/erosion, acute/healing Locera : Lernaeocera branchialis KieHy : Gill hyperplasia, x-cell disease Cryp : Cryptocotyle sp. Hyp Pig : Hyperpigmentation Loma : Loma sp. Skel Def : Skeletal deformities LK >2 mm : Liver nodules > 2 mm in diameter PBT : Pseudobranchial pseudotumour - 11 -