Fiber in Data Centers What s Next? Srinivasan B, RCDD

Fiber in Data Centers What s Next? Srinivasan B, RCDD

Hubbell Fiber Systems 10G / 40G / 100G / 400G Standards, Applications and Practices

Agenda Part 1: Current Technologies Standards Review IEEE 802.3: Ethernet Fundamentals TIA-568.3-D: Telecommunications Fiber Cabling TIA-942-A: Data Center Standard Overview IEEE 802.3ba: Fiber 40G and 100G Channel Overview Migration: 10G - 40G - 100G - 400G IEEE 802.3bs: 400G Draft Standard Singlemode 40G/100G Summary: Evolution and Migration Strategy

Agenda Part 2: New Developments, 2017 IEEE 802.3by: Introduction of 25Gb/s IEEE 802.3bm: Application of 25Gb/s to 40G and 100G Protocols IEEE 802.3bm: New 40G Singlemode Application Impact of 25Gb/s on Future Migration: 40G/100G/400G Emergence of Wide Band OM5 Multimode OM5 applications and impact on 100G/400G migration Maintaining MPO 12-Fiber Infrastructure Conclusion

Local Area and Metro Networking Standards IEEE 802.3 Networking Standards: Basic Overview

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard IEEE 802.3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) IEEE 802.3 is a Living Document defining the Physical Layer and Data Link Layer Ethernet specifications for Local Area and Metro Networks. CSMA/CD is the traffic control technology for network access and signaling. New Technologies are continually published on 802.3 addenda. Current Multimode short wave Ethernet protocols: 1 Gb/s: 1000BASE-SX (1 fiber pair) 10 Gb/s: 10GBASE-S (1 fiber pair) 25 Gb/s: 25GBASE-S (1 fiber pair) 40 Gb/s: 40GBASE-SR4 (4 X 10G pairs = 8 Fibers) 100 Gigabit Ethernet: 100GBASE-SR10 (10 X 10G pairs = 20 Fibers)

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard Basic Elements of Ethernet Message Transfer Devices on a network have a MAC and IP address Ethernet frames travel between MAC devices through network cabling, switches, and routers Frame collisions at a node are detected and sequenced Collision Detection is the fundamental concept of Ethernet Basic Network Elements Defined LAN: Switch-based network, single broadcast domain in a building WAN: Router-based network, multiple broadcast domains SAN: Switch-based network, storage equipment domains MAC: Medium Access Control (protocol for access network devices) IP Address: Internet protocol (for internet access to network devices)

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard LAN-WAN-SAN Campus Network Example WAN Router Building #1 Building #2

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard Contents of an Ethernet Medium Access Control (MAC) frame Preamble Start of Frame Delimiter Destination Address Source Address Length/ Type Data Packets Frame Check Sequence Packet Errors affect network performance

Impact of Cabling on Data Rate Transport Layer and Quality of Data Transfer Impacted by cabling, components, and installation Primary cause of Optical Bit Errors: Insertion loss, modal dispersion, and back reflections Impact of Bit Errors Corruption of data packets Packet rejection by the Transport Layer (Delay) Result: Slow network speeds High Bit Error Rate = DELAY

TIA-568.3 Standard: Key Developments Current Revision: TIA-568.3-D (December, 2015) Replaces TIA-568-C.3 Incorporates 24-fiber MPO connector Two rows of 12 fibers Supports 100GBASE-SR10 Defines MPO Polarities for 10G, 40G, and 100G A Polarity: Straight-through, 1-1 mapping B Polarity: Reversed sequence, 1-12 mapping C Polarity: Crossed pairs, 1-2, 2-1 mapping 12-Fiber MPO 24-Fiber MPO

TIA-568.3 Standard: Key Specifications Connector Mated Pair: Insertion Loss 0.75 db Maximum (Note: 0.5 db is typically recognized) Connector Mated Pair: Minimum Return Loss OM3 and OM4: 20 db Singlemode UPC: 35 db Singlemode APC: 55 db OM3 and OM4 Multimode Cable Loss 3.0 db/km @ 850 nm 1.5 db/km @ 1300 nm OS2 Singlemode Cable Loss @ 1310, 1383, and 1550 nm Indoor: 1.0 db/km Indoor/Outdoor: 0.5 db/km Outside Plant: 0.4 db/km

TIA-568.3: 10G MPO Infrastructure 10GBASE-S MPO Cabling: 4-Connector Channel OM3 Channel Limits: 300 meters, 2.6 db Max OM4 Channel Limits: 550 meters, 3.1 db Max LC Duplex Receptacle LC Duplex Receptacle Switch or Server MPO Female Trunk Switch or Server LC Duplex Patch Cord MPO to LC Cassettes LC Duplex Patch Cord

TIA-568.3: 10G Polarity Management Rules for 10G Channel Polarity Must have one overall pair crossing, end to end In general: Must have an odd number of pair crossings, end to end Pair Crossings are managed in the patch cords, cassettes, or MPO trunk Switch or Server MPO Female Trunk Switch or Server LC Duplex Cord Reversed Polarity MPO to LC Cassettes LC Duplex Cord Straight Polarity

Multimode Fiber Evolution VCSEL Laser Optimized Multimode Fiber: OM3 and OM4 VCSEL = Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Longer distances / Higher bandwidth at 850 nm OM3 Laser-Based Multimode Distances 1Gb/s: Up to 1,000 meters 10Gb/s: Up to 300 meters 40G/100G: Up to 100 meters OM4 Laser-Based Multimode Distances 1Gb/s: Up to 1,100 meters 10Gb/s: Up to 550 meters 40G/100G: Up to 150 meters

IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer Data Link 10 GbE Fiber Transceivers are Laser Based Transmitter: Converts digital to optical by laser modulation Receiver: Converts optical to digital by photo detection Digital Input TX OP VCSEL Laser 850 nm OP Detector RX Digital Output RX OP OP Digital Output Detector VCSEL Laser 850nm TX Fiber 10/25 Gb/s Physical Layer Data Link Digital Input

Multimode Fiber Evolution Bend Insensitive Laser Optimized OM3 and OM4 New bend radius performance introduced by ITU, TIA, and IEC standards Modified cladding index band around core New cladding chemical formulation Performance Advantages: Longer cable fatigue life under bend loading Lower db loss at a smaller bend radius 50 Micron Core Graded Index Tight Bend Radius: 5 to10 mm Modified Refractive Index Band Around Core Cladding 125 Micron Multimode Fiber Cross Section

Singlemode Fiber Evolution Bend Insensitive Singlemode Fiber: OS2 Grade OS2 singlemode replaces legacy OS1 OS2 improvements similar to multimode: Modified cladding refractive index band around core New cladding chemical formulation Improved fatigue life and lower db bend loss 9 Micron Core, Step Index Tight Bend Radius: 5 to10 mm Cladding 125 Micron Modified Refractive Index Band Around Core Singlemode Fiber Cross Section

Data Center: TIA-942 Update TIA-942-A: Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers Replaces TIA/EIA-942 Incorporates two addenda: AD1: Coaxial cable (T-3, E-1 and E-3) and distances AD2: Energy efficiency: wider range of temp and humidity, 3-level lighting, Cat 6A, noise sources, updated tier structure Terminology: Harmonized with 568-C series and ISO/IEC Added references to TIA-569-C, TIA-606-A and TIA-607 New Infrastructure elements added for large data centers: IDA - Intermediate Distribution Area ICC - Intermediate Cross Connect

Data Center: TIA-942 Topologies Key Elements of the Data Center using Fiber Cabling Equipment Distribution Area (EDA) Main Distribution Area (MDA) Data Center TR Outside TR s Entrance Room AP Computer Room MDA MC, Router, Switch, PBX EDA Switch Servers Switch Servers Switch Servers Switch Servers

Data Center Overview What is a Data Center? A large group of networked computer servers used for remote storage, processing, and distribution of large volumes of data.

Data Center Overview ANSI/BICSI 002-2014: Data Center Design and Best Practices BICSI is a publication of general guidelines

Data Center: ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 Key Topics Covered by ANSI/BICSI 002-2014 Site Selection Space Planning Architectural Structural Electrical Systems Mechanical Fire Protection Management and Building Automation Systems Cabling Infrastructure, Pathways and Spaces Security and Disaster Recovery Commissioning Data Center Maintenance

Fiber Data Center Applications Fundamental Cabling Topologies Server Fabric / SAN Fabric Switch/SAN to Servers Servers to MDA/LAN Basic Fiber Infrastructure Equipment and Patch Cords Local Interconnect Units (LIU s) Interconnect MPO Trunk Cable EQUIP Patch Cords LIU MPO Trunk (Link) LIU Patch Cords EQUIP

Data Center: Key Fiber Products Interconnect Enclosures Pre-Terminated MPO cassettes MPO Trunk assemblies LC duplex patch cords

What is an MTP (MPO) Connector? MTP or MPO is a 12 or 24 Fiber Array Connector MTP* = Multi Fiber Termination Push-on MPO = Multi Fiber Pull Off Key Characteristics Rectangular ferrule with fibers equally spaced Keyed connector body for orientation Precision flat polish end face Male connectors have two alignment pins Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Connector Body Ferrule Fibers *MTP is a registered trademark of US Connec

MPO 12-Fiber Connector Polarity Type A Polarity: Straight-Through, No pair crossing Most universal termination Pin 1 to Pin 1 direct mapping, end to end Advantages 10G pair crossing managed externally in the patch cords Compatible with 10G or 40G applications MPO Near End: Key Up MPO Far End: Key Up 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

MPO 12-Fiber Connector Polarity Type B Polarity: Reversed Sequence Key-wise reversal: Pin 1 to Pin 12 mapping Advantages Provides 40G-ready B-polarity flip in the MPO trunk Sequential reversal provides individual pair crossing MPO Near End: Key Up MPO Far End: Key Up 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

MPO 12-Fiber Connector Polarity Type C Polarity: Crossed pairs All pairs crossed end to end Pin 1 to Pin 2 / Pin 2 to Pin 1 mapping Not compatible with 40G migration Advantages 10G channel pair crossings are managed in the trunk Can use standard polarity patch cords (no reversing) MPO Near End: Key Up MPO Far End: Key Up 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7 10 9 12 11

New Developments in MPO Technology 24-Fiber MPO Connector Two rows of 12 fibers in the same MPO footprint Supports 100GBASE-SR10 Supports 10G and 40G channel consolidation MPO Near End: Key Up Receive fibers across top row Transmit fibers across bottom row 4 outer fibers not used

MPO 10G Fiber Interconnect Trunks Manufactured in 12-Fiber Multiples A, B, or C polarities are user-defined MPO on each end (no pins) 12-Strand Cassettes have pinned male MPO receptacles MPO transceivers are also pinned male 24-Strand 48-Strand

MPO Transition Assemblies Transition from MPO to LC Connector Fan-Out Known as a Hydra assembly MPO 12-strand to (6) LC X 10G pairs Used for LC backbone channel consolidation Also used for 40G 8-fiber to 10G pair break-out MPO Reduces Tx/Rx congestion at the equipment

40G and 100G Overview IEEE 802.3ba: 40G and 100G Ethernet (Original Standard Release)

IEEE 802.3ba: 40 Gb/s Overview 40GBASE-SR4: Ratified Addendum IEEE 802.3ba, 2008 Optics: 850 nm over 8 multimode fibers (4 pairs / 4 lanes) Transceivers: MPO male, 12-fiber interface 40G Multimode distance Limits: OM3: 100 meters OM4: 150 meters Strictly MPO cabling channel, end to end (4) Un-used middle fibers NOTE: 1 Lane = 1 Pair 40GBASE-SR4 MPO Transceiver Lane Assignments

IEEE802.3ba: 40 Gb/s Overview 40 GbE Fiber Cabling Channel and db Attenuation Limits OM3: 1.9 db max OM4: 1.5 db max IEEE suggests a maximum 2-connector channel (shown below) NOTE: Beyond 2 mated pairs may exceed db insertion loss limits No migration from legacy LC/SC cabling 4 Pairs 4 Pairs 4 Pairs 40GbE: 4 Pair, 2-Connector MPO Channel

IEEE 802.3ba: 40 Gb/s Overview Why use an MPO/MTP connector interface? Maximum fiber density in a small foot print MPO/MTP connectors are well recognized Equal fiber lengths minimize delay skew Polished fibers, equal in length 40GBASE-SR4 Lane Assignments

40Gb/s Overview: Channel Polarity Rule There must be one Type B (key-wise) polarity reversal end to end In general: Must have an odd number of key-wise polarity reversals end to end Managing 40G Channel B Polarity Reversal In the MPO patch cord - either end In the MPO trunk Or - Use a polarity-reversed MPO adapter panel in LIU #1 or LIU #2 Polarity-reversed MPO adapters are available, with a gray color LIU #1 LIU #2 MPO 12-Fiber Trunk F M M F MPO Patch Cord MPO Panels MPO Patch Cord

IEEE 802.3ba: 40Gb/s Summary Native 40G is a Pre-Terminated 8-Fiber MPO Channel, End to End Supported by legacy 10G 12-fiber MPO cabling Positioned for new applications (see New Developments ) 40G Cabling Design and Implementation Adhere to a 2-connector channel, distance, and db loss limits Use a consistent channel polarity scheme, end to end Consider 40G/100G migration strategy

IEEE802.3ba: 100 GbE Overview 100GBASE-SR10: Established in addendum IEEE 802.3ba, 2008 Optics: 850 nm over 20 fibers in parallel (10 pairs / 10 lanes) Transceivers: 24-fiber MPO male (Departure from 12-fiber MPO) 100G Multimode channel distance limits: OM3: 100 meters OM4: 150 meters Strictly an MPO channel, end to end (4) Un-used outer fibers 100GBASE-SR10 Transceiver Lane Assignments 24-Fiber MPO Connector

IEEE802.3ba: 100 GbE Overview 100 GbE Fiber Cabling Channel db Attenuation Limits OM3 Channel: 1.9 db max OM4 Channel: 1.5 db max IEEE suggests a maximum 2-connector channel (shown below) NOTE: Beyond 2 mated pairs may exceed db insertion loss limits No migration from legacy LC/SC cabling 10 Pairs 10 Pairs 10 Pairs 100GbE: 10-Pair, 2-Connector MPO Channel

100Gb/s Overview: Channel Polarity Rule There must be one Type B (key-wise) polarity reversal end to end In general: Must have an odd number of key-wise polarity reversals end to end 100G polarity is similar to the 40G polarity rule Managing 100G Channel B Polarity Reversal In the MPO patch cord - either end In the MPO trunk Use a polarity-reversed MPO adapter panel in LIU #1 or LIU #2 In the consolidation module if migrating legacy 12-fiber MPO cabling ** LIU #1 LIU #2 MPO 12-Fiber Trunk F M M F MPO Patch Cord MPO Panels MPO Patch Cord ** Not Recommended

40G/100G Overview: Notes on Gender All MPO Junctions are Male to Female Male MPO connectors have alignment pins MPO adapters only facilitate pre-alignment General Guidelines for Native 40G/100G Cabling Transceiver receptacles are always pinned MPO male MPO patch cords should be female, both ends MPO trunks should be pinned male both ends to create a receptacle In general, the permanent side of any MPO receptacle should be pinned male LIU #1 LIU #2 F F M M F F MPO Trunk MPO Patch Cord MPO Panels MPO Patch Cord ** Not Recommended

IEEE 802.3ba: 100GbE Summary 802.3ba 100G is an Independent 24-fiber MPO Channel, End to End Direct equipment interconnect only, chip to chip Supported by legacy 24-fiber MPO cabling only (see Migration Strategies ) 100G Cabling Design and Implementation Adhere to a 2-connector channel, distance and db loss limits Consolidation of legacy 12-fiber MPO infrastructure is not recommended ** Add 100G 24-fiber MPO channels separately to simplify administration Consider a 100G 400G migration strategy (see New Developments ) ** 4-connector channel = db loss violation

40G/100G: Worst Case 100m Channel Loss For a 2-Connector MPO Channel (2 LIU s), per TIA-568.3 Loss Spec of 0.75 db: Total Mated Pair Insertion Loss = 0.75 X 2 = 1.50 db (Worst Case) Add 0.3 db for 100 meter channel length: Total channel loss = 1.80 db OM3 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.90 db @ 100 m OM4 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.50 db @ 150 m The worst case 2-connector channel loss is marginal Reducing the mated pair loss specification to 0.5 db becomes necessary LIU #1 LIU #2 MPO 12-Fiber Trunk F M M F MPO Patch Cord MPO Panels (2 Mated Pairs) MPO Patch Cord

40G/100G: Typical 100m Channel Loss For a 2-Connector MPO Channel (2 LIU s), Using a Loss Spec of 0.50 db: Total Mated Pair Insertion Loss = 0.50 X 2 = 1.00 db Add 0.3 db for 100 meter channel length: Total channel loss = 1.30 db OM3 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.90 db @ 100 m OM4 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.50 db @ 150 m The 2-connector channel loss is robust at 0.50 db per mated pair Adding one mated pair junction at 0.50 db in the channel becomes marginal LIU #1 LIU #2 MPO 12-Fiber Trunk F M M F MPO Patch Cord MPO Panels (2 Mated Pairs) MPO Patch Cord

40G/100G: Low Loss MPO Connections 4-Connector, 100m MPO Channel (4 LIU s), Using 0.35 db Specification Total Mated Pair Insertion Loss = 0.35 db X 4 = 1.50 db Add 0.3 db for 100 meter channel length: Total channel loss = 1.80 db OM3 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.90 db OM4 Channel db Loss Limit = 1.50 db The 4-Connector channel is marginal with low loss MPO connectors LIU #1 LIU #2 LIU #3 LIU #4 F M F M F F M F M F MPO Trunk MPO Patch Cord 0.35 db Low Loss MPO Elite MPO Patch Cord

Summary: Low Loss MPO Connectors Low loss connectivity is required for a 4-connector MPO channel (4) Low loss MPO junctions increases cost, administration, and points of failure Low loss MPO connectors will permit a robust 3-connector channel A 3-connector channel permits one consolidation or polarity-changing module Best design is a 2-connector channel with standard loss connectors LIU #1 LIU #2 LIU #3 LIU #4 MPO Trunk F M F M F F M F M F MPO Patch Cord MPO Elite Junctions MPO Patch Cord

10G to 40G Migration Methods Method 1: De-Commissioning Legacy 10G MPO Cabling Requires substantial elimination of existing cabling infrastructure Scrap everything end to end, except the MPO trunk LC Duplex Receptacles LC Duplex Receptacles 10G Switch or Server MPO 10G Female Trunk 10G Switch or Server LC Duplex Patch Cords MPO to LC Cassettes LC Duplex Patch Cords

10G to 40G Migration: Method 1 After Elimination of LC Cords and MPO Cassettes, Both Ends Add: MPO feed-through panels and MPO 40G patch cords (Note Gender) NOTE 40G Polarity Rule: One Type B reversal, end to end 40G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 40G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 40G Tx/Rx Existing MPO Female Trunk F M M F 40G Tx/Rx MPO 40G Female to Male Patch Cord B-Polarity MPO Feed-Through Adapter Panel MPO 40G Female to Male Patch Cord A-Polarity

10G to 40G Migration: Method 2 - Native Method 2: Add 40G Channels Separately: No De-Commissioning 10G Add: MPO trunk, MPO panels and MPO 40G patch cords (Note Gender) 40G Polarity Rule: One Type B reversal, end to end 40G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 40G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 40G Tx/Rx New 40G MPO Trunk F F M M F F 40G Tx/Rx MPO 40G Female Patch Cord B-Polarity MPO Feed-Through Adapter Panel MPO 40G Female Patch Cord A-Polarity

40G to 100G Migration: Method 1 Method 1: De-Commissioning Existing 40G 12-Fiber Cabling Replace: 40G MPO patch cords with 100G MPO patch cords, both ends Replace: MPO adapter panels with consolidation modules (Note Gender) Consolidate: 40G 12-strand MPO trunks: 2 into 1 (Note: only 12-strand will work) 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 100G Tx/Rx Consolidated MPO Trunks F F F F 100G Tx/Rx MPO 100G Female Patch Cord 24-Strand MPO 2 into 1 Consolidation Modules MPO 100G Female Patch Cord 24 Strand

40G to 100G Migration What is a 100G MPO Consolidation Module? A CM combines two 12-fiber MPO inputs into one 24-fiber MPO output Also known as a 2 into 1 conversion cassette CM s are also used to re-map polarities into 100G format. NOTE: A CM creates a 4-connector MPO channel Not Recommended MPO 100G Male Receptacle 24-Fiber Output 2 x 12-Fiber MPO Cords MPO 100G Male Receptacle 24-Fiber Output MPO 100G Female Patch Cord 24-Fiber CM MPO 12-Fiber Male Receptacle Inputs CM MPO 100G Female Patch Cord 24-Fiber

40G to 100G Migration: Method 2 - Native Method 2: Add 100G Channels Separately: No De-Commissioning 40G Add: MPO male trunk, MPO panels, and MPO 100G patch cords (Note Gender) 100G Polarity Rule: One Type B reversal, end to end 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle 100G Tx/Rx New 100G MPO Trunk F F M M F F 100G Tx/Rx MPO 100G Female Patch Cord B-Polarity MPO Feed-Through Adapter Panel MPO 100G Female Patch Cord A-Polarity

40G to 100G Migration: Summary Notes Regarding Migration to 100 GbE A 2-Connector channel is recommended due to channel loss budgets Consolidation Modules create a 4-connector channel Not Recommended 100G cabling should be a native new installation, using OM4 fiber See New Developments for further evolution of this technology 100G Tx/Rx 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle New 100G MPO Trunk 100G MPO Male Tx/Rx Receptacle F F M M F F 100G Tx/Rx MPO 100G Female Patch Cord MPO Feed-Through Adapter Panels MPO 100G Female Patch Cord

IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 40 Gb/s 40GBASE-LR4: Long Range Singlemode 40 Gb/s Optics: (4) WDM 10G wavelengths over a single lane (1 or 2 fibers) Transceivers: LC Duplex Utilizes conventional simplex or duplex cabling channel 40GBASE-LR4 Max operating distance: 10 km

IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 40 Gb/s 40GBASE-ER4: Extended Range Singlemode 40 Gb/s Optics: (4) WDM 10G wavelengths over a single lane (1 or 2 fibers) Transceivers: LC Duplex Utilizes conventional simplex or duplex cabling channel 40GBASE-ER4 Max operating distance: 30 km

IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 40 Gb/s Cabling IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 40G Cabling Model Simplex or duplex fiber channel Can migrate from legacy singlemode fiber plant IEEE 802.3ba power budgets apply Transceivers utilize conventional LC duplex 40GBASE-LR4/ER4 Singlemode Cabling Model

IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 100 Gb/s 100GBASE-LR4 and 100GBASE-ER4 Optics: (4) WDM 25G wavelengths over a single lane (1 or 2 fibers) Transceiver Interface: LC Duplex Max operating distance for 100GBASE-LR4: 10 km Max operating distance for 100GBASE-ER4: 30 km

IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 100 Gb/s Cabling IEEE 802.3ba: Singlemode 100 Gb/s Cabling Model Full duplex transmission over a single or duplex fiber Same cabling model as 40GBASE-LR4/ER4 Can migrate from legacy cabling plant Standard LC Transceiver interface 100GBASE-LR4/ER4 Singlemode Cabling Model

Fiber 40/100 Gb/s Singlemode Summary Migration of Singlemode Cabling from 10 GbE to 40/100 Gb/s Legacy singlemode cabling can migrate from 10 Gb/s to 40/100 Gb/s Transceivers have a conventional LC duplex interface Cabling test parameters of IEEE 802.3ba apply Full Duplex over a single fiber Full Duplex over a pair of fibers See New Developments for Singlemode Advancements

IEEE 802.3bs: 400G Baseline (2018) 400GBASE-SR16 Lane Assignments Defined as (4) 100GBASE-SR4 Channels Total 32-fiber channel: 16 X 25G pairs Employs a new 32-fiber MPO connector Two rows of 16 fibers Direct-connect or 2-connector MPO channel only Departure from standard MPO interface: Key shift off-center Will this be adopted? See New Developments 32-Fiber MPO Connector

IEEE 802.3bs: Timeline for 400 Gb/s Published Standard Anticipated in Q4, 2017 400GBASE-SR16 for OM3/OM4 multimode PSM4 Singlemode: 4 x 100G singlemode lanes NOTE: New Developments may impact adoption of 400GBASE-SR16!!!

Part 2: New Developments, 2017 Update IEEE 802.3by: Introduction of 25Gb/s IEEE 802.3bm: Application of 25Gb/s to 40G and 100G Protocols Impact of 25Gb/s on Legacy Migration: 40G/100G/400G Non-IEEE 40G Singlemode Applications Emergence of Wide Band OM5 Multimode (WBMMF) IEEE 802.3cd Task Force Future Applications Maintaining MPO 12-Fiber Infrastructure Conclusion

Introduction of 25 Gb/s: IEEE 802.3by IEEE 802.3by: Introduction of 25GBASE-SR, June, 2016 Basic Objectives: Increase 1-lane throughput from 10 Gb/s to 25 Gb/s Reduce energy consumption Preserve Ethernet protocols Support IEEE 802.3bm objectives Establish a cost-optimized path to 100GBASE-SR4 Optics: 850 nm / 25 Gb/s full duplex over 2 fibers (1 lane) Transceivers: LC Duplex 25GBASE-SR Multimode channel distance limits: OM4: 100 meters OM3: 70 meters

New 100 Gb/s Standard: IEEE 802.3bm IEEE 802.3bm: Evolution to 100GBASE-SR4, March, 2015 Basic Objectives: Reduce 100GBASE-SR10 lane count from 10 to 4 lanes (20 to 8 fibers) Extend 40GBASE-ER4 to 40 km Further reduce energy consumption Preserve Ethernet protocols Facilitate migration from 40GBASE-SR4 Optics: 850 nm 100G full duplex over 8 fibers ( 4 lanes) Transceivers: MPO 12-Fiber (multimode) 100GBASE-SR4: New multimode channel distance limits: OM4: 100 meters OM3: 70 meters

Impact of IEEE 802.3bm on 100G Migration Lanes Reduced to 12-Fiber MPO Channel Enables 40G and 100G operation over legacy 12-fiber MPO channel Supersedes Legacy 100GBASE-SR10 Eliminates 24-fiber MPO connectors for 100G Migration simplified to MPO polarity and gender management 40G Or 100G Tx/Rx MPO Male Receptacle 12 Fiber MPO Trunk MPO Male Receptacle F F M M F F 40G Or 100G Tx/Rx MPO 12 Fiber Patch Cord B-Polarity MPO Feed-Through Adapter Panel MPO 12-Fiber Patch Cord A-Polarity

IEEE 802.3bm: Singlemode 40 Gb/s 40GBASE-ER4: Extended Range Singlemode 40 Gb/s Objective: Extend 40GBASE-ER4 from 30 km to 40 km Optics: 4 x 25G WDM wavelengths over 2 fibers (1 lane), full duplex Transceivers: LC Duplex New singlemode channel distance: 40 km

Non-IEEE Singlemode 100 Gb/s Apps 100GBASE-PSM4: Parallel Singlemode 4-Lane Objectives: Longer 100G reach, reduce cable cost and congestion Optics: 4 x 25G lanes (8 fibers), 1310 nm full duplex Supported Transceivers: MPO 12-fiber APC Channel Distance: 500 m Application: Data Center interconnect 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 100G PSM4 Lane Assignments

Non-IEEE Singlemode 100 Gb/s Apps 100G-CWDM4 MSA: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Objectives: Longer 100G reach, reduce cable cost and congestion Multi-Source Agreement (MSA): Compatibility across vendors Optics: 4 x 25G CWDM lanes over 2 fibers (1 lane) Supported Transceivers: LC Duplex Channel Distance: 2 km Application: Extended Data Center interconnect

Non-IEEE Singlemode 100 Gb/s Apps 100G-CWDM4 OCP: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Objectives: Lower cable cost, extended 100G reach, reduced congestion Open Compute Platform (OCP): Compatibility across vendors Optics: 4 x 25G CWDM lanes over 2 fibers (1 lane) Supported Transceivers: LC Duplex Channel Distance: 500 m Application: Data Center interconnect

Emergence of Wide Band Multimode Fiber WBMMF: Ratified by the Telecommunications Industry Association TIA-492-AAAE: Published in June, 2016 Supports low cost wavelengths from 850 nm to 950 nm range Application: Multiplexing 4 x CWDM short wavelengths Backward compatible with OM3 and OM4 multimode Official ISO/IEC 11801 Designation: OM5

Emergence of OM5 WBMMF Future Objective: 100 Gb/s Through One Pair of MM Fibers Non-IEEE Emerging OM5 Applications 100GBASE-SWDM4 (4 x 25G SWDM wavelengths) 200GBASE-SWDM4 (4 x 50G SWDM wavelengths) SWDM Wavelengths: 850 nm, 880 nm, 910 nm, 940 nm Full duplex over 1 WBMMF lane (2 fibers) Future Transceivers: LC Duplex, SWDM

Emergence of OM5 WBMMF Advantages of OM5 WBMMF Using SWDM Technology Achieves maximum throughput per single MM fiber Reduces 100GBASE-SR4 lane count to 1 lane (2 fibers) Supports 100G over a single pair (4 x 25G SWDM) Enables future multiplexing schemes Longer reach than OM4 for 100GBASE-SR4 150 m vs. 100 m

Emergence of OM5 WBMMF Disadvantages of OM5 WBMMF Using SWDM Technology Compared to 100GBASE-SR4 over OM4 MMF: More costly than OM4 cabling (Up to 50% added cost) SWDM transceivers also 50% more costly SWDM not being considered by IEEE for next-gen MM app s 100G SWDM cannot break out to individual 25G channels Singlemode solutions are less costly and supported by IEEE IEEE 802.3cd task force not considering OM5 or SWDM Migration from OM3/OM4 cabling not supported

IEEE 802.3cd Task Force - Future Objectives for Future 50G/100G/200G IEEE Applications 50 Gb/s: Single Lane (2 fibers) OM4 Multimode: 100 m Singlemode: 2 to 10 km 100 Gb/s OM4 Multimode: 100 m, 2 lane (4 fibers) Singlemode: 500 m, 1 lane (2 fibers, consistent with IEEE 802.3 bs) 200 Gb/s: 4 lane (8 fibers) OM4 Multimode: 100 m

Maintaining MPO Infrastructure Contamination is the #1 Cause of Optical Network Failures Good cleaning and inspection practices are critical Contamination will permanently damage polished fiber ends Avoid costly replacement of pre-terminated cabling Airborne Accumulation Mating Dirty Connectors

Maintaining MPO Infrastructure Protecting Cable Infrastructure Investment To extend the life of MPO cabling for future migration: Advanced cleaning practices are required Use recognized cleaning and inspection products RULE #1: Clean and inspect before you connect

Maintaining MPO Infrastructure Protecting Cable Infrastructure Investment Advanced cartridge cleaning instruments are available MPO male or female connector or ports LC connectors or ports

Maintaining MPO Infrastructure Protecting Cable Infrastructure Investment Use advanced inspection devices Microscope for connectors Probe for blind ports

Conclusions Migration of MPO cabling evolves with new IEEE developments Increasing data rates to reduce fiber count remains a key IEEE objective Emergence of 25 gb/s has reduced MPO fiber count and cabling costs Migration to 100GBASE-SR4 can now utilize 12-fiber MPO cabling Current 100G standards impacted by 25GBASE-SR: 100GBASE-SR10: Can be replaced by 100GBASE-SR4 400GBASE-SR16: Will this change in Draft IEEE 802.3bs???

Conclusions OM5 WBMMF may not be supported due to costly cabling and SWDM Singlemode cabling in data centers will compete with OM5 Risk with OM5: IEEE may not recognize SWDM in future standards Standards evolution continues with IEEE 802.3cd task force New 50G, 100G, 200G under development Maintenance and cleaning fiber infrastructure Increasingly important to preserve installed MPO connectivity Thanks for Your Participation