www.bsc.es BSC Smart Cities Initiative José Mª Cela CASE Director josem.cela@bsc.es
CITY DATA ACCESS 2
City Data Access 1. Standardize data access (City Semantics) Define a software layer to keep independent Data and Applications taken into account Data dispersion Data errors Performance to access data 2. Prepare some specific critical data (City geometry) Simulations require geometry to work (2D or 3D) 3. Big Data Solutions if needed for performance
City Semantics RDB SQL query $ Ontology for smartcities (OWL-DL) XML IoT Xpath, Xquery Internet RDF graph SPARQL query Data (RDF, XML, GML, JSON, etc) Urban City Model Urban model Ontology Instantiation engine (Open Linked Data repositories) SPARQL queries Integration with opengis 4
City Semantics Urban parameters: sustainability, mobility model, economic diversity, etc RDB SQL query $ Ontology for smartcities (OWL-DL) Numerical simulation: noise, pollution, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc XML IoT Xpath, Xquery Internet RDF graph SPARQL query Data (XML, GML, JSON, etc) Agent simulation: economic activities, social behaviour, transport, pandemics, etc Visualization 5
An ontology is Conceptually a graph Precise semantics Standard representation to allow interoperability (triples/ Linked Open Data) Same URI means same resource Models an open world, i.e. allows incomplete information Adding edges / vertices is easier than adding information into tables (which may require refactoring) Understandable and uniformly accessible from anywhere Amenable data structure for Defining data constraints Discovering unknown relationships via logic inference
Integration of Open Linked Data from any source Composition of RDF graphs is another RDF graph
SUM (Semantic Urban Model): Goals Urban Management and Planning Tool Integration from heterogeneous data sources Query and exploration functionality GIS Visualization Ecological Urbanism Paradigm Environmental, social, and economic sustainability of cities Evaluated by set of specific indicators Standard-based Semantic Data Model for Smart Cities
SUM Prototype Web oriented GIS Functionality Keyword search and related concept exploration Query wizard Sustainability metrics
Urban Ecology Agency of Barcelona Ecological Urbanism: degree that a city adheres to the following principles Efficient land use Quality of Public Space Mobility And Services Habitability In Housing and Buildings Biodiversity Organization Self- Sufficiency Social Inclusion and Interaction
Prototype Architecture Ontology Functionality: API Jena Application Server: Apache Tomcat Client Browser Semantic Model: SCRIBE + BCNEcology GIS Functionality: Parliament Triple Store JS GIS API: Open Layers Data process and mapping: Custom software OFFLINE Open Street Maps
Query Example Proximity to bicycle parking for population aged > 15, by neighbourhood Bicycle parking and neighbourhood data is georeferenced (e.g. shapefiles) Population age and residence Extract Urban Data Integrate with GIS Measure Query and Visualize
Explore the city 1. Select predefined areas (landlots, blocks) or draw a polygon 2. Select urban concepts Results: Selected urban concepts within area displayed on map
Explore the data Select urban concepts and explore its attributes and the values of the concept instances on map Click elements in the map and display the values of its attributes
Explore the model Display concepts in the model related by any type of relationship or by a specific type Display relationships in the model that contains given text
Data - Query Query wizard Average year of refurbishing of building units Ratio of number of building use units refurbished before 1990 per area (sum of landlot surface where the building units are located) Text transcription of the query
Data - Query Results Highlight elements that match Numeric results for each query. Total results if queries are connected by mathematical operators
Expert Query Sparql Query Highlight elements that match Sparql prefixes to help writing the query Query Results
Next Steps Semantic Model: SCRIBE + BCNEcology Heterogeneous data types Data not contemplated at the time of building the model may lead to model extension Other cities Semi-automatic process Data process and mapping
Mobility pattern identification Tourism Services in the City Pattern discovery from massive urban data sets Use case: Mobility patterns of visitors of Barcelona
The objectives Large economic impact of tourism (leisure & business) 7.5 Million visitors/year in hotels (5 th in Europe) 2.5 Million visitors/year in cruises (4 th in world) Economic impact of 20 M /day Objectives: Know where, when, and how visitors move Cross with geo-referenced info of city (shops, public transportation, touristic places, credit card use, etc) Visualize for easy understanding 21
Leverage current infrastructure 450 Wifi APs of Barcelona Wifi + other Wifis managed by the municipality Analyze tuples (MAC@, AP, timestamp,...) to Differentiate visitors/residents and discover mobility patterns Locate more frequently visited areas with respect time Historical series and new trends Use current available muni/business info with a unified data model (urban ontology) to cross results with georeferenced info
Potential Results Pattern discovery Mobility patterns Data repository City data Integrated Urban Data Analysis & Visualization tool
CITY GEOMETRY AND PHYSICAL PHENOMENA 24
City Geometry Data LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR)
LIDAR Geometry example
Barcelona LIDAR Data
Barcelona LIDAR Data
City Geometry for Simulation
City Geometry for Simulation
Atmospheric Transport
CFD Indoors/Outdoors
CFD Indoors/Outdoors
CFD Indoors/Outdoors
CFD Indoors/Outdoors
Water Flooding 36
CITY DYNAMICS 37
Agent Based Models Useful for Social simulations Crowd simulations Mobility simulations (cars+pedestrian+ ) Epidemic evolution... But ABM scale bad in parallel computers, then there are serious limits in: Agents complexity Number of agents
PANDORA PANDORA: Scalable execution of agent-based models Able to run models with millions of agents C++ framework for large-scale social simulation Automated generation of parallelized code GIS support (Grass), Statistical support (R package) Python scripting to define ABM Cassandra: an ABM visualization tool 39
Agent Based Models Crowd Simulations 40
Conclusions In the next future, ICT applied to cities will transform deeply the urban style of live. For ICT industry this will be a significant source of bussiness. BSC is committed to focalized its research capacity in this area. 47
www.bsc.es Thank you for your attention! José Mª Cela CASE Director