Part - I : Short Course Sanjay Mishra Department of Mathematics Lovely Professional University Punjab, India June 14, 2012
Outline 1 Introduction The Keyboard Your First Note Lines too Wide More Text Features
Introduction Introduction First, introduce you to typesetting text by working through examples. More details are provided throughout the lecture. A source file is made up of text, math (formulas), and instructions (commands) to L A T E X. For instance, consider the following two examples:
Introduction Example I Input in Source File A source file is made up of text,math (e.g.,$\sqrt{5}$), and \emph{instructions to} \LaTeX.
Introduction Example I Input in Source File A source file is made up of text,math (e.g.,$\sqrt{5}$), and \emph{instructions to} \LaTeX. Output in PDF File A source file is made up of text,math (e.g., 5),and instructions to L A T E X.
Introduction Example I Input in Source File A source file is made up of text,math (e.g.,$\sqrt{5}$), and \emph{instructions to} \LaTeX. Output in PDF File A source file is made up of text,math (e.g., 5),and instructions to L A T E X. Remarks Text Part : A source file is made up of text, math (e.g., Math Part : $\sqrt{5}$ Text Part : ),and Instructions Command with an Argument :\emph{instructions to} Instructions Command without an Argument :\LaTeX
Introduction Example II Input in Source File My first integral: $\int \zeta^{2}(x) \, dx$.
Introduction Example II Input in Source File My first integral: $\int \zeta^{2}(x) \, dx$. Output in PDF File My first integral: ζ 2 (x) dx.
Introduction Commands I Commands, as a rule, start with a backslash ( \ ) and tell L A T E X to do something special. In this case, the command \emph emphasizes its argument (the text between the braces). Another kind of instruction to L A T E X is called an environment. For instance, the commands \begin{flushright} and \end{flushright}
Introduction Commands II enclose a flushright environment; the content, that is, the text that is typed between these two commands, is right justified (lined up against the right margin) when typeset. (The flushleft environment creates left justified text; the center environment creates text that is centered horizontally on the page.)
The Keyboard The Keyboard Creating a document in L A T E X requires that we type the text and math in the source file. So we start with the keyboard, proceed to type a short note, and learn some simple rules for typing text in L A T E X.
The Keyboard Important Keys in Keyboard Basic Keys : a-z A-Z 0-9 + = * / ( ) [ ] Punctuation Keys:, ;.?! : - Special Keys: # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } @ " And the space bar, the Tab key, and the Return (or Enter) key.
Your First Note Your First Note We start our discussion on how to type a note in L A T E X with a simple example. Suppose you want to use L A T E X to produce the following: Input in Source File \documentclass{sample} \begin{document} It is of some concern to me that the terminology used in multi-section math courses is not uniform. In several sections of the course on matrix theory, the strange term hamiltonian-reduced is used. Of special concern to me is the terminology in the course by Prof.~Rudi Hochschwabauer. Since his field is new, there is no accepted terminology. \end{document}
Your First Note Output in PDF File It is of some concern to me that the terminology used in multi-section math courses is not uniform. In several sections of the course on matrix theory, the strange term hamiltonian-reduced is used. Of special concern to me is the terminology in the course by Prof. Rudi Hochschwabauer. Since his field is new, there is no accepted terminology.
Your First Note The text of the note is typed within the document environment, that is, between the lines \begin{document} and \end{document} Remarks 1 L A T E X notices when you put a blank space in the text, but it ignores how many blank spaces have been inserted.
Your First Note The text of the note is typed within the document environment, that is, between the lines \begin{document} and \end{document} Remarks 1 L A T E X notices when you put a blank space in the text, but it ignores how many blank spaces have been inserted. 2 L A T E X does not distinguish between a blank space (hitting the space bar), a tab (hitting the Tab key), and a single carriage return (hitting Return once).
Your First Note The text of the note is typed within the document environment, that is, between the lines \begin{document} and \end{document} Remarks 1 L A T E X notices when you put a blank space in the text, but it ignores how many blank spaces have been inserted. 2 L A T E X does not distinguish between a blank space (hitting the space bar), a tab (hitting the Tab key), and a single carriage return (hitting Return once). 3 However, hitting Return twice gives a blank line; one or more blank lines mark the end of a paragraph.
Lines too Wide Lines too Wide L A T E X reads the text in the source file one line at a time and when the end of a paragraph is reached, L A T E X typesets the entire paragraph. Occasionally, L A T E X gets into trouble when trying to split the paragraph into typeset lines.
More Text Features More Text Features Now we want to discuss more text features with following example Input in Source File 1 % Sample file: note2.tex 2 \documentclass{sample} 3 4 \begin{document} 5 \begin{flushright} 6 \today 7 \end{flushright} 8 \textbf{from the desk of George Gr\"{a}tzer}\\[22pt] 9 October~7--21 \emph{please} use my 10 temporary e-mail address: 11 \begin{center} 12 \texttt{george\_gratzer@yahoo.com} 13 \end{center} 14 \end{document}
More Text Features Output in PDF File June 14, 2012 From the desk of George Grätzer October 7 21 please use my temporary e-mail address: George_Gratzer@yahoo.com
More Text Features Remarks I 1 The \today command (in line 6) to display the date on which the document is typeset(so you will see a date different from the date shown above in your own typeset document). More Text Features 2 The environments to right justify (lines 3-5) and center (lines 8-11)text. 3 The commands to change the text style: \emph command (line 8) to emphasize text. \textbf command (line 9) for bold text. \texttt command (line 12) to produce typewriter style text. These are commands with arguments. In each case, the argument of the command follows the name of the command and is typed between braces, that is, between { and }.
More Text Features Remarks II 4 The form of the L A T E X commands: Almost all L A T E X commands start with a backslash ( \ ) followed by the command name. For instance, \textbf is a command and textbf is the command name. The command name is terminated by the first non-alphabetic character, that is, by any character other than a - z or A - Z. Note: The textbf1 is not a command name, in fact, \textbf1 typesets as 1. (Let us look at this a bit more closely. \textbf is a valid command. If a command needs an argument and is not followed by braces, then it takes the next character as its argument. So \textbf1 is the command \textbf with the argument 1, which typesets as bold 1: 1.)
More Text Features Remarks III Command names are case sensitive. Typing \Textbf or \TEXTBF generates an error message. 5 The multiple role of hyphens: Double hyphens are used for number ranges. For example, 7--21 (in line 9) typesets as 7-21. The punctuation mark - is called an endash. Use triple hyphens for the em dash punctuation mark such as the one in this sentence. More Text Features 6 The new line command, \\ (or \newline): To create additional space between lines (as in the last note, under the line From the desk... ), you can use the \\ command and specify an appropriate amount of vertical space: \\[22pt]. Note that this command uses square brackets rather than braces because the argument is optional. The distance may be given in points (pt), centimeters (cm), or inches (in).
More Text Features Remarks IV 7 Special rules for special characters, for accented characters and for some European characters. For instance, the accented character ä is typed as \"{a}. Recall that we also have the SymbolTables.pdf in the samples folder.
More Text Features Thank You