From heterogeneous wireless networks to sustainable efficient ICT infrastructures: How antenna and propagation simulation tools can help?

From heterogeneous wireless networks to sustainable efficient ICT infrastructures: How antenna and propagation simulation tools can help? Yves Lostanlen SIRADEL April 9 th 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 1

SIRADEL s Research activities 1994 60+ people France, Toronto, Hong-Kong 8 FP6-FP7 EU projects 35+ collaborative projects 100+ research partners EM Wave Exposure Densify & Offload Cellular networks Efficient Wireless Systems 4 main investigation areas Active Antennas MIMO Aim: Developing expertise, methodologies and tools Data: GIS, RF, traffic Software: Volcano, VolcanoLab and Smart City Explorer Consulting: Management & Technology (guidelines) EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 2

Wireless device: Exponential growth People to People People to machines Machines to Machines Internet Internet of Things IoT Cloud Physical Systems Internet of Everything IoE Chris Evans CFO Environment Health Care Email Energy Yesterday Today Tomorrow Millions Billions Trillions EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 5

Data growth absorption Capacity n W log 2 (1+SINR) TCO TCO TCO TCO Spectrum: Golden frequencies (800MHz) More Macro-BS Small cells outdoor: Metro cells or DAS Small cells indoor: Femto cells Radio Propagation & Antenna tools EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 9

Matching demand and best server Densification of the network Best server Small-cell Macro Non uniform traffic demand Traffic demand High Medium Low EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 17

Small cell challenges Site Location Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL Interference Management Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells Coordination between macrocells and small cell layer Backhaul Various frequency band options LOS and NLOS in urban areas Enhance flexibility in site location EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 19

Small cell challenges Site Location Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL Interference Management Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells Coordination between macrocells and small cells Metro Backhaul Various frequency band options LOS and NLOS in urban areas Enhance flexibility in site location EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 20

Small cell challenges Site Location Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL Interference Management Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells Coordination between macrocells and small cells Backhaul Various frequency band options LOS and NLOS in urban areas Enhance flexibility in site location EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 28

Beamforming - «Sub-optimal» Pointing 3D Antenna patterns Antenna models 3D Propagation models Reliable predictions for decision-making Data coverage Data coverage Active Antenna System SC-BS SC-BS UE to serve UE 24dBi Ray-based model EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 30

Beamforming - Optimal Pointing Less interferences Less power transmitted Less EM radiation in undesired areas Data coverage Active Antenna System SC-BS UE to serve SC-BS UE Ray-based model 24dBi EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 31

Small cell challenges Site Location Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL Interference Management Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells Coordination between macrocells and small cells SC-BS height: 15m 10m 20m 7m Backhaul Various frequency band options LOS and NLOS in urban areas Enhance flexibility in site location EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 32

Human exposure to EM waves Need to better assess the radiation levels Need to anticipate actions to optimize Propagation and antenna tools required Vertical slice of Total field (V/M) Beyond total field threshold on facades EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 35

ICT: An opportunity to deal with climate changes ICT today: about 2% of global emissions Gtons CO2 0.5 0.9 1.27 0.5 Potential direct telecom equipment energy savings by 2020 Zero Growth Line 2002 2007 2020 An Opportunity for Tremendous Impact on Remaining 98% ICT can enable a 16.5% reduction in global emissions by 2020 Indirect application examples Smart utilities Smart transport Smart buildings Smart industry Source: GeSI SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age -7.8 EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 40

How to get a sustainable infrastructure? Energy Efficiency Greentouch Power limited region Low Power Bandwidth limited region High Power Spectrum Efficiency Throughput maximization Reduction of EM exposure EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 41

How to get long-term revenues? Share costs across ICT infrastructure needs Topologies: Reducing energy bills, site and equipment costs Spectrum efficiency: Taking advantage of BW Reduce EM waves: Need not waiting for regulation Anticipating massive device-to-device communications Traffic growth cost Traffic growth data data revenue voice revenue Time voice cost Time EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 43

System Thinking: Worse before better Work ($) / capability Capability trap Work (or $) / capability Work less on immediate goal Competitive advantage Capability takes time to build t t Capabilities enhancements t Work more on capability t Performance Delay in observation better performance t Worse before better t EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 44

Smart Cities Smart Grids More antennas Multi-relays Smart Communities Smart Buildings Opportunity to share Joint optimizations Device-to-device Smart Transportation E-Health Municipalities / governments EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 46

Opportunities for Antenna & Propagation reliable Tools Idea and Conceptual Design System Engineering Algorithms Software Simulation Tools Hardware Implementation System Integration Hardware Simulators Antenna & Propagation Models Manufacturing System Deployment & Operation RF Planning & Optimization Tools EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 47

Takeaways Multi-RAT HetNet with small cells: An answer to data growth Mobile network optimization: shift in constraints From Spectral Efficiency to Energy-efficiency and Low EM Exposure While keeping an equivalent User experience Key competitive advantages in the long-run (holistic view) Sustainable infrastructure for Smart Cities: today s decisions Propagation & Antenna models and tools will help EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 48

Sustainable ICT Infrastructure It is a complicated task! Multi-discipline Multi-carriers Multi-industries But on the long term everyone is better off Traffic growth Lots of learning curves data revenue voice cost Time EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved. 49