Metadata: The Theory Behind the Practice Item Type Presentation Authors Coleman, Anita Sundaram Citation Metadata: The Theory Behind the Practice 2002-04, Download date 06/07/2018 12:18:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106210
Metadata: The Theory behind the Practice Anita Coleman, Asst. Prof. University of Arizona at Tucson
Outline Context: Users, Intellectual Access Definitions, Objectives, History Metadata Standards Types of Metadata Putting it all together References & Resources Q & A, Feedback
Intellectual Access Intellectual access goal is to help users Discover & manage information resources Bibliographic control Cataloging & Classification Item (Work) analysis Descriptive & Subject cataloging Access point control Authority control
Definition of Metadata Metadata is cataloging & classification Structured description of an object or collection of objects Object can be anything Information resource, event, person Surrogate representation Levels of Metadata Schemes, schemas, containers, application, usage profiles, elements, code lists for element values Syntax (form) and semantics (meaning) Unclear boundaries (terminological confusion)
Objectives of Metadata Identifying Digital Identification Validation Indicate Authority Finding (Resource Discovery) Collocating (Organizing) Facilitate Interoperability Support Archiving and Preservation
Library History of Information Organization Principles: Items, Collections, Use Tools: ISBD, AACR2r, MARC, LCSH, LCC, DDC Archives Principles: Provenance & Original Order Tools: APPM, MARC:amc (defunct), ISAD (G) Electronic Information Environments Principles (?): OMNIBUS Organization, Metadata, Navigation, Interface, Browse, Use/User functions, Search Tools: Search, Index, Site Maps, HTML with META tags, Search, Metadata (DC)
The Cataloging Process I. Descriptive Cataloging II. Subject Cataloging 1. Create Unique Bibliographic Description (of Book) a) 8 areas of Description b) ISBD: i) elements ii) order iii) punctuation 1. Provide Access To Bibliographic Record (For Work) a) Choice of Access Points: i) main entry ii) added entries Form of Entries Authority Control 1. Perform Subject Analysis 1. Assign Classification Number (numerical subject access) 2. Assign Subject Headings (verbal subject access)
The Cataloging Process Descriptive Cataloging Description (Creation of bibliographic record) AACR2R ch. 1-2 Cataloging process Form of entry Choice of entry AACR2R ch. 21 AACR2R ch. 22-26 Subject Cataloging Classification Subject headings DDC LC LCSH
The Metadata Process Metadata framework Metadata Record Content standard Conceptual (elements of description) Encoding standard Container Metadata elements embedded, associated, or external Data Controlled vocabularies, lists, or free-text Rules - Project-based; enforced by encoding / schemas
ISBD; MARC Metadata Standards Dublin Core (DC) Global Information Locator Service (GILS) Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Content Standard Digital GeoSpatial Metadata (CSDGM) Learning Object Metadata (LOM) Core Categories for Visual Resources
Metadata Initiatives Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DC) Library of Congress (LOC) Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) IEEE Learning Technologies Steering Committee (LTSC) IMS, ADL SCORM Visual Resources Association (VRA)
Types of Metadata Descriptive cataloging The elements describe and identify the resource Purpose: Discovery, Identification Elements: Title, Abstract, Author, Keywords Important Note: Globalization; Multilingualism, Multi-cultural (diversity)
Types of Metadata (cont.) Administrative metadata: Purpose: Administer, Manage Examples: Rights Management Purpose: Manage intellectual property rights Element: Copyright, Terms of Availability
Types of Metadata (contd.) Structural Metadata Purpose: how objects are put together, how pages are ordered to put together chapters Linkage or relationships Preservation Metadata Purpose: preservation management Examples: Physical condition
Types of Metadata (contd.) Use Type of use Examples: intended audience, level of audience Technical Purpose: Enable diverse uses (human+) Examples: Hardware, Software, Digitization information (Compression ratio, format)
Putting It All Together Create, Choose, Modify? Choice of Standard Decision Points: Digital Information Lifecycle Application (User & Uses) who are your users and what are their needs and behaviors; this includes metadata creators Decision: Level of Detail in Metadata to be created Granularity what is the unit of analysis and description Metadata Storage embedded or separate?
Framework selection Guidelines for selecting frameworks: Metadata Modularity Metadata Extensibility Metadata Interoperability Metadata Refinement Metadata Cardinality (enforcement of cardinality) Metadata Organization (maintainers, registries) Metadata Consistency (to provide predictability) Metadata Currency
Recent Trends Library of Congress METS Metadata Encoding and Transfer Syntax Encapsulate a digital object or objects in a standard wrapper MODS Metadata Object Description Schema Draft; richer than DC but simpler than MARC
References Duval, Erik, et al. 2002. Metadata Principles and Practicalities. D-Lib Magazine, 6 (4), April. - http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april02/04weibel.html LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress. 2000. http://books.nap.edu/books/0309071445/html/122.html Metadata Interchange Standards http://www.diffuse.org/meta.html
Resources NSDL Standards Working Group. http://128.253.121.110/nsdlmetawg/intropa ge.html IFLA http://www.ifla.org/ii/metadata.htm
The End! Thank you! Email: asc@u.arizona.edu Web Page: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~asc DLIST Digital Library of Information Science & Technology Eprints v2 (OAI-compliant)