RF and Antenna Consideration for Connected Cars in 5G ecosystem Seungpyo Hong Network R&D Center, SK Telecom 28 June 2016
Contents Introduction Vehicle Communication Services and use cases Roadmap 5G technology overview RF in Connected Car Challenges to 5G Connected Car Frequent handover In-vehicle interference Antenna Implementation Massive Node management Mixed network: WAVE/LTE/5G Summary 1
Introduction mobility is nature of vehicle communication but, vehicle is not a good environment for mobile communication it is moving fast it is covered with steel or window film high density (part of it) mission critical 5G challenges? vehicle communication is one of major 5G use case (in ITU, 3GPP, 5GPPP, ) bad: smaller cell coverage, legacy+5g mix, larger antenna form factor good: latency reduction, support of high speed UE, massive node management 2
Connected Car Services Key Connected Car Services + AVN Infotainment In-vehicle hotspot Connected Navigation Driving Assistant(ADAS) Automated Parking + Autonomous Driving Cooperative Driving Cooperative Vehicle Sensors Telematics TRS Navigation (stand-alone) 3
Vehicle Communication Terminology: Connectivity, V2X, DSRC, WAVE, 802.11p V2X : Vehicle to X (X=Vehicle, Infra, Pedestrian..) Communication V2V, V2I, V2P, V2G, V2N In general, V2X means all vehicle communication including WAVE and LTE, but in specific, V2X means WAVE Specification Seamless V2V, V2I, I2I Real time vehicle information gathering Localized traffic information (Vehicular) Ad-hoc network in fast moving condition (~240km/h) General V2X old DSRC new DSRC = WAVE 900MHz band RF, InfraRed 5.9GHz band IEEEE802.11p IEEE 1609.x 3GPP LTE V2X (V2XLTE) 5G V2X 4
Vehicle Communication - Use Cases Latency/Bandwidth Requirement - Use Case mapping latency requirement ~10ms WAVE V2V safety FCW, EEBL, CSW * 5G/New Radio (3GPP Rel.15~) LTE-A Pro(3GPP Rel.13~14) Remote Control UL: Cam+Sensor data DL: Control Edge Computing (Thin Client) UL: Sensor data(lidar+...) DL: Control ~100ms V2V, V2I safety BSW, LCW, LTA, RLVW*, UL: vehicle info DL: traffic info LTE/LTE-A (~ 3GPP Rel.12) Collaborative Driving UL: DashCam clip seconds minutes ITS RWW, IVS, DL: traffic info Telematics UL: Sensor data DL: Control In-Vehicle Entertainment DL: Video Event Video upload UL: DashCam clip DashCam backup UL: DashCam clip 1Gbps ~0.1Mbps ~1Mbps ~10Mbps ~100Mbps 10Gbps bandwidth requirement Use cases from - Amsterdam Group, SimTD, Drive C2X, Compass 4D - Safety Pilot Project - ITS Spot, ETC 2.0-3GPP V2X / ev2x - Sejong C-ITS Project - 5GPPP Whitepaper * FCW: Forward Collision Warning EEBL: Emergency Electric Brake Light BSW: Blind Spot Warning CLW: Control Loss Warning LCW: Lane Change Warning LTA: Left Turn Assistant RLVW: Red Light Violation Warning RWW: Road Work Warning IVS: In-Vehicle Signage VTL: Virtual Traffic Light * Human recognition requires normally 300ms 5
Vehicle Communication - Roadmap V2X Standardization / Commercialization Roadmap Safety Use Cases EU: DriveC2X, Compass 4D US: Safety Pilot Japan: ITS Spot, ETS 2.0 WAVE/ DSRC (802.11p) Standardization ( 09~ 12) Trial ( 13~ 16, EU, US, JP, KR) Commercial Component + Testing Commercial Vehicle ( 17.1~) Regulatory ( 19~) 3GPP V2XLTE Rel.13/14 Standardization ( 15.2~ 17.6) Trial Commercial Component +Testing Commercial Vehicle 3GPP ev2x Rel.15 27 Use Cases (safety + information) FCW, CLW, EVW, EEBS Cooperative ACC, QoS, Security, O&M Standardization ( 17.6~ 18.3) Non-Safety Use Cases In-vehicle Entertainment Safety Use Cases 5G-Legacy Mix Interoperation of 5G/LTE/WAVE Trial Commercial Component +Testing Commercial Vehicle 2018 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020 2022 6
5G Technology Overview RAN innovation for 1000x speed as well as architecture innovation such as virtualization and network slicing (1) Innovative Service Immersive Service Telco service UHD & Hologram Massive IoT Telco API Mission- Critical IoT - Multimedia, Virtual Experience - Ultra-low Latency Mission Critical IoT Massive MIMO O&M Network slices Telco/IT functions Virtualization Unified Cloud-RANTransport Cloud Core Low-cost small cell Orchestration Cloud-RAN f1 f2 fn fm Unlicensed, Millimeter-wave New waveform (2) Enabling Platform All-IT N/W based on Virtualization - Biz Enabling Platform - Guaranteed/Intelligent Service Provisioning - Smart/Intelligent Infra Operation (3) Hyper-Connected N/W 1000x, 1m Latency - Higher frequency(mmwave) - Spectral Efficiency(massive MIMO) - Dense Small Cell - New RAN technology 7
RF in Connected Car Old days : GPS, TRS/2G modem GPS 1.57GHz TRS / cellular 800~900 MHz 8
RF in Connected Car Now: local and macro connectivity were added GPS 1.57GHz Smart Toll 900 MHz TRS / cellular 800~900 MHz Local Connectivity Bluetooth 2.4 GHz WiFi Hotspot 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz Macro Connectivity 2.5G/3G/LTE 700~2.6 GHz 9
RF in Connected Car In future: 5G, V2X and various sensors V2X Safety WAVE/ LTE V2X 5.8~5.9 GHz GPS 1.57GHz GNSS, Galileo, Beidu 1.1~1.2, 1.6GHz Smart Toll 900 MHz TRS / cellular 800~900 MHz New Radio 5G Connectivity 3.3~4.9 GHz 6~80 GHz Local Connectivity Bluetooth 2.4 GHz WiFi Hotspot 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz Wireless Charging Macro Connectivity 2.5G/3G/LTE 700~2.6 GHz ADAS/Collision Avoidance Radar/LiDAR 76~77 GHz 10
Challenges of 5G Connected Car 5G Challenges in vehicle environment Higher frequency smaller coverage more frequent handover Multiple spectrum usage may result in interference with other sensor system Antenna implementation and integration with vehicle body 11
Challenges of 5G Connected Car Frequent Handover Legacy 3G/LTE cell covers 0.5~2 km Approach 1 Directional Antenna 1) reduces Doffler effects and 2) expands cell coverage mmwave 5G cell covers ~0.2 km Approach 2 Reduce handover overhead handover less RAN(Cloud RAN) split C/U plain for high speed UE Cloud RAN Challenges: frequent handover 12
Challenges of 5G Connected Car In-Vehicle Interference Legacy single band use (no interference) Approach 1 Multiple bands/ technologies to avoid interference GPS 1.5GHz 3G/LTE single band 1.1GHz 1.2GHz 1.5GHz Simultaneous operation / wider bandwidth for higher throughput GPS 1.57GHz Glonass, Galileo, Beidu 1.1GHz 1.2GHz GPS IMD, harmonics DL/UL Carrier Aggregation Approach 2 Self detection and power control 5G DL/UL Radar/ LiDAR 5G DL/UL GPS Aggregation off Challenges: self in-vehicle interference 5G DL/UL Radar/ LiDAR Power control 13
Challenges of 5G Connected Car Antenna Implementation Antenna installation to avoid degradation due to steel body and window film Approach 1 New architecture, New materials Rear window, room mirror, shark. Multi-feed ANT MEMS for multi band GaAs, GaN for PA, LNA Massive MIMO + multiple bands (relatively) large antenna Approach 2 Integration with vehicle body/accessory Challenges: antenna form factor (partial) carbon body Integration with accessories 14
Summary Challenges Collaboration in 5G Ecosystem 5G V2X use cases including mission critical comm. Legacy+5G integration Earlier 5G commercialization Complicated RF Self Interference RF/Antenna implementation 15
Q&A 16