Adobe Photoshop Sh S.K. Sublania and Sh. Naresh Chand Photoshop is the software for image processing. With this you can manipulate your pictures, either scanned or otherwise inserted to a great extant. You can use photoshop to create pictures and art works with text and other graphics. Work Area The Photoshop work area is arranged to help you focus on creating and editing images. Photoshop Work Area 1. Menu bar 2. Options bar 3. Go to Bridge 4. Palette well 5. Toolbox 6. Palettes Work Area Components Menu bar contains menus organized by tasks. For example, the Layers menu contains commands for working with layers. In Photoshop, you can customize the menu bar by showing, hiding, or adding color to menu items. Options bar provides options for using a tool. Toolbox contains tools for creating and editing images. Active image area displays the active open file. The window containing an open file is also called the document window.
Palette well helps you organize the palettes in your work area. Palettes help you monitor and modify images. You can customize the palette locations in the workspace. In Photoshop, you can also show, hide, or add color to items in palette menus. In Photoshop, you can change the font size of the text in the options bar, palettes, and tool tips. Palette Well The Photoshop options bars include a palette well that helps you organize and manage palettes. The palette well stores, or docks, palettes that you use frequently, so that you don t have to keep them open on the work area. The palette well is available only when the screen resolution is greater than 800 pixels x 600 pixels (a setting of at least 1024 x 768 is recommended). Click a palette s tab to use the palette in the palette well. The palette remains open until you click outside it or click the palette s tab again.
Tools and Toolbox The first time you start the application, the toolbox appears at the left side of the screen. You can move the toolbox by dragging its title bar. You can also show or hide the toolbox by choosing Window > Tools. Some tools in the toolbox have options that appear in the context-sensitive tool options bar. These include the tools that let you use type, select, paint, draw, sample, edit, move, annotate, and view images. Other tools in the toolbox allow you to change foreground/background colors, go to Adobe Online, work in different modes, and jump between Photoshop and ImageReady applications. You can expand some tools to show hidden tools beneath them. A small triangle at the lower right of the tool icon signals the presence of hidden tools. You can view information about any tool by positioning the pointer over it. The name of the tool appears in a tool tip below the pointer. Some tool tips contain links leading to additional information about the tool. To use a tool Do one of the following:
Click a tool in the toolbox. If there is a small triangle at a tool s lower right corner, hold down the mouse button to view the hidden tools. Then click the tool you want to select. Press the tool s keyboard shortcut. The keyboard shortcut is displayed in its tool tip. For example, you can select the Move tool by pressing the V key. Using the Selecting Tool A. Toolbox B. Active tool C. Hidden tools D. Tool name E. Tool shortcut F. Hidden tool triangle Using the Navigator Palette You use the Navigator palette to quickly change the view of your artwork using a thumbnail display. The colored box in the Navigator (called the proxy view area) corresponds to the currently viewable area in the window. Do one or more of the following: To display the Navigator palette, select Window > Navigator. To change the magnification, type a value in the text box, click the Zoom Out or Zoom In button, or drag the zoom slider. To move the view of an image, drag the proxy view area in the image thumbnail. You can also click the image thumbnail to designate the viewable area. To change the color of the proxy view area, select Palette Options from the palette menu. Select a preset color from the Color pop up menu, or double-click the color box to choose a custom color.
Navigator Palette A. Palette menu button B. Thumbnail display of artwork C. Proxy preview area D. Zoom text box E. Zoom Out button F. Zoom slider G. Zoom In button Rulers Rulers help you position images or elements precisely. When visible, rulers appear along the top and left side of the active window. Markers in the ruler display the pointer s position when you move it. Changing the ruler origin (the (0, 0) mark on the top and left rulers) lets you measure from a specific point on the image. The ruler origin also determines the grid s point of origin. To show or hide rulers, choose View > Rulers. Using Marquee Tool The marquee tools let you select rectangles, ellipses, rounded rectangles (ImageReady), and pixel rows and columns. By default, a selection border is dragged from its corner. Select a marquee tool Rectangular Marquee makes a rectangular selection. Rounded Rectangle Marquee (ImageReady) selects a rounded rectangle, such as a web page button.
Elliptical Marquee makes an elliptical selection. Single Row or Single Column Marquee defines the border as a 1-pixel-wide row or column. Specify one of the selection options in the options bar. Selection Options A. New B. Add To C. Subtract From D. Intersect With Specify a feathering setting in the options bar. Turn anti-aliasing on or off for the Rounded Rectangle Marquee tool or the Elliptical Marquee tool. For the Rectangle Marquee tool, the Rounded Rectangle Marquee tool, or the Elliptical Marquee tool, choose a style in the options bar: Normal determines marquee proportions by dragging. Fixed Aspect Ratio Sets a height-to-width ratio. Enter values (decimal values are valid in Photoshop) for the aspect ratio. For example, to draw a marquee twice as wide as it is high, enter 2 for the width and 1 for the height. Fixed Size specifies set values for the marquee s height and width. Enter pixel values in whole numbers. Keep in mind that the number of pixels needed to create a 1-inch selection depends on the resolution of the image. For aligning your selection to guides, a grid, slices, or document bounds, do one of the following to snap your selection: Choose View > Snap, or choose View > Snap To and choose a command from the submenu. The marquee selection can snap to a document boundary. This is controlled in the Snap To submenu. Do one of the following to make a selection: With the Rectangle Marquee tool, the Rounded Rectangle Marquee tool, or the Elliptical Marquee tool, drag over the area you want to select. Hold down Shift as you drag to constrain the marquee to a square or circle (release the mouse button before Shift to keep the shape constrained). To drag a marquee from its center, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) after you begin dragging. Dragging a marquee from the corner of an image (left), and from the center of an image (right) With the Single Row or Single Column Marquee tool, click near the area you want to select, and then drag the marquee to the exact location. If no marquee is visible, increase the magnification of your image view.
To reposition a rectangle, rounded rectangle, or elliptical marquee, first drag to create the border, keeping the mouse button depressed. Then hold down the spacebar and continue to drag. Release the spacebar, but keep the mouse button depressed, if you need to continue adjusting the selection border. Using the Lasso Tool The Lasso tool is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border. Select the Lasso tool, and select options. See To set options for the Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, and Magnetic Lasso tools. Drag to draw a freehand selection border. To draw a straight-edged selection border, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click where segments should begin and end. You can switch between drawing freehand and straight-edged segments. To erase recently drawn segments, hold down the Delete key until you ve erased the fastening points for the desired segment. To close the selection border, release the mouse without holding down Alt. Using the Magic Wand Tool The Magic Wand tool lets you select a consistently colored area (for example, a red flower) without having to trace its outline. You specify the color range, or tolerance, for the Magic Wand tool s selection. You cannot use the Magic Wand tool on an image in Bitmap mode or on 32-bits-perchannel images. Select the Magic Wand tool. Specify one of the selection options in the options bar. The Magic Wand tool s pointer changes depending on which option is selected. Selection Options A. New B. Add To C. Subtract From D. Intersect With In the options bar, specify any of the following: Tolerance Determines the similarity or difference of the pixels selected. Enter a value in pixels, ranging from 0 to 255. A low value selects the few colors very similar to the pixel you click. A higher value selects a broader range of colors. Anti-aliased Defines a smooth edge. Contiguous Selects only adjacent areas using the same colors. Otherwise, all pixels in the entire image using the same colors are selected.
Sample All Layers Selects colors using data from all the visible layers. Otherwise, the Magic Wand tool selects colors from the active layer only. In the image, click the color you want to select. If Contiguous is selected, all adjacent pixels within the tolerance range are selected. Otherwise, all pixels in the tolerance range are selected. Layers Layers allow you to work on one element of an image without disturbing the others. Think of layers as sheets of acetate stacked one on top of the other. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the layers below. You can change the composition of an image by changing the order and attributes of layers. In addition, special features such as adjustment layers, fill layers, and layer styles let you create sophisticated effects. Transparent areas on a layer let you see through to the layers below. All the above three layers seen together will be as below.
A new image in Photoshop has a single layer. The number of additional layers, layer effects, and layer sets you can add to an image is limited only by your computer s memory. Layer groups help you organize and manage layers. You can use groups to arrange your layers in a logical order and to reduce clutter in the Layers palette. You can nest groups within other groups. You can also use groups to apply attributes and masks to multiple layers simultaneously. Layers Palette The Layers palette lists all layers, groups, and layer effects in an image. You can use the Layers palette to show and hide layers, create new layers, and work with groups of layers. You can access additional commands and options in the Layers palette menu. Photoshop Layers Palette A. Layers palette menu B. Group C. Layer D. Expand/Collapse Layer effects E. Layer effect F. Layer thumbnail
To display the Layers palette, choose Window > Layers. To use the Layers palette menu, click the triangle in the upper right corner of the palette. It contains commands for working with layers. To change the size of layer thumbnails, choose Palette Options from the Layers palette menu, and select a thumbnail size. To change thumbnail contents, choose Palette Options from the Layers palette menu and select Entire Document to display the contents of the entire document. Select Layer Bounds to restrict the thumbnail to the object s pixels on the layer. Select the Show Group Thumbnails box to show a composite image of the group rather than the group icon. Turn off thumbnails to improve performance and save monitor space. To expand and collapse groups (and layer sets in ImageReady), click the triangle to the left of a group folder. See To view layers and groups within a group. Shapes and Paths Vector shapes are lines and curves that you draw using the shape or pen tools. Vector shapes are resolution-independent they maintain crisp edges when resized, printed to a PostScript printer, saved in a PDF file, or imported into a vector-based graphics application. Paths are outlines that you can turn into selections, or fill and stroke with color. The outline of a shape is a path. You can easily change the shape of a path by editing its anchor points. You can draw shapes in ImageReady, but you can t work directly with paths. When you work with the shape tools in Photoshop, you can draw in three different modes. You choose a mode by selecting an icon in the options bar when you have a shape or pen tool selected. Shape Layers Creates a shape on a separate layer. You can use either the shape tools or the pen tools to create shape layers. Because they are easily moved, resized, aligned, and distributed, shape layers are ideal for making graphics for web pages. In Photoshop, you can choose to draw multiple shapes on a layer. A shape layer consists of a fill layer that defines the shape color and a linked vector mask that defines the shape outline. The outline of a shape is a path, which appears in the Paths palette. Paths Draws a work path on the current layer that you can then use to make a selection, create a vector mask, or fill and stroke with color to create raster graphics (much as you would using a painting tool). A work path is temporary unless you save it. Paths appear in the Paths palette. Fill Pixels Paints directly on a layer much as a painting tool does. When you work in this mode, you are not creating vector graphics. You work with the shapes you paint just as you do with any raster image. The Pen tools don't work in this mode.
Using the Brush Tool or Pencil Tool The Brush tool and the Pencil tool paint the current foreground color on an image. The Brush tool creates soft strokes of color. The Pencil tool creates hard-edged lines. Choose a foreground color. (See To choose colors in the toolbox.) Select the Brush tool or Pencil tool. Set tool options in the options bar: Choose a brush from the Brush Presets picker, and set brush options. (See To select a preset brush.) Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu. (See List of blending modes.) Specify an opacity by dragging the Opacity slider. Opacity specifies the amount of paint coverage applied by each stroke. For the Brush tool, specify a flow rate by dragging the Flow slider. Flow specifies how quickly paint is applied. Press a number key to set a tool s opacity in multiples of 10% (pressing 1 sets to 10%; pressing 0 sets to 100%). Use Shift and number key to set Flow. Click the Airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. For the Pencil tool, select Auto Erase to paint the background color over areas containing the foreground color. (See To use the Auto Erase option with the Pencil tool.) Do one or more of the following: Drag in the image to paint. To draw a straight line, click a starting point in the image. Then hold down Shift, and click an ending point. When using the Brush tool as an airbrush, hold down the mouse button without dragging to build up color. Brushes Palette The Brushes palette lets you select preset brushes and design custom brushes. The brush you select determines many characteristics of the resulting stroke. Photoshop provides a variety of preset brushes to fill a wide range of uses. In Photoshop, you can also create custom brushes using the Brushes. Palette Brushes palette with Brush Tip Shape options displayed A. Locked B. Unlocked C. Selected brush tip D. Brush settings E. Brush stroke preview F. pop-up menu G. Brush tip shapes (available when Brush Tip Shape option is selected) H. Brush options.