ELEC-E7230 Mobile Communication Systems Lecture 1 Prof. Tarik Taleb School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University
Work Plan
Content Mobile Network Architectures Evolution MN Arch. Evolution: 2G to 3G Evolved Packet System Core NW Architecture & components Protocols Evolved RAN: LTE & LTE-Advanced 5G Mobile Networks Requirements and features Cloud-based Mobile Core Networking Cloud Computing Network Function Virtualization Software Defined Networking Cloud-based Mobile Core Networks
Assignment I Grading Policy Presentation of a scientific publication relevant to the course 30% of course grade Assignment II Detailed Report on a topic relevant to the course 30% of course grade Examination 40% of course grade
Important Dates 08 Sep.: Lecture 1 15 Sep.: No lecture 22 Sep.: Lecture 2 (Instructions on Assignments I and II) 29 Sep.: Lecture 3 05 Oct.: Assignment I - Scientific paper presentation ½ Day I 06 Oct.: Lecture 4 (Deadline for first draft of Assignment II) 12 Oct.: Assignment I - Scientific paper presentation ½ Day II 13 Oct.: Lecture 5 20 Oct.: Examination 27 Oct.: Deadline for final report of Assignment II
Learning Outcome Understanding the migration scenarios from 2/3G to 4G and beyond Factual knowledge of EPC and LTE/LTE-Advanced Basic understanding of recent RAN technologies Ability to carry out practical network dimensioning tasks Familiarity with latest developments in NFV, SDN and Carrier Cloud Development of skills for research and presentation of complex concepts to a general audience Development of technical writing skills
Office Hours Tuesdays, 08 Sep.- 13 Oct., 13:30-15:00 (G210)
Mobile NW Architecture Evolution Prof. Tarik Taleb School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University
Mobile Generations AMPS, NMT, TACS GSM, IS-136, PDC, IS-95 WCDMA cdma2000 LTE 1G 2G 3G 4G ~1980 ~1990 ~2000 ~2010 The foundation of mobile telephony Mobile telephony The foundation of for everyone mobile broadband Further enhanced mobile broadband IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced
Mobile Network Architecture Evolution
Outline Brief Intro to 3GPP Legacy Networks: GSM GPRS UMTS System Architecture Evolution Background & requirements Motivation Basic principles Network elements and high level functions Architectural enhancements for E-UTRAN and interoperability with 3GPP and non-3gpp accesses Interoperability Mobility and handover management Policy Control and Charging (PCC) QoS Provisioning Main References: 1-3GPP Technical Specifications 23.401 2-3GPP Technical Specifications 23.402
3GPP Access Evolution 2G or GSM/CS Voice communication narrowband, real-time, circuit switched WAP or HSCSD as extensions to enable data communications but limited success 3G or UMTS Built on WCDMA High peak data rates: 2Mbps Extended by HSDPA (Rel. 5), HSUPA (Rel. 6), and HSPA+ (Rel. 7) IMS as service control layer for PS core network 2.5G (GPRS/PS, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE) Adding Packet Services Theoretical data rates up to 384 Kbps Not always-on IP connectivity: IP address is assigned only when PDP context is established for data transmission Beyond 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) LTE-Advanced
Release of 3GPP Specifications LTE DL: 0.3Gbps UP: 75Mbps LTE- Advanced DL: 1Gbps UP: 0.5Gbps UMTS 2 Mbps HSDPA DL: 14.4 Mbps UP: 384 Kbps HSUPA DL: 14.4 Mbps UP: 5.7 Mbps HSPA+ DL: 28 Mbps UP: 11 Mbps 1999 2002 2004 2007 2008 2011 UMTS (W-CDMA) HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE LTE- Advanced Rel 99 Rel 5 Rel 6 Rel 7 Rel 8 SAE Rel 10 W-CDMA EDGE Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution Presentation Focus Rel9 GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile Communications LTE Long Term Evolution HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSDPA UMTS High Speed Downlink Packet Access Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
Nomenclature (1) Long Term Evolution Evolved UMTS Radio Access (E- UTRA) (Physical and link layers) E-UTRA Network (E-UTRAN) Radio Network s Functions Evolved Packet Core System Architecture
Nomenclature (2) Evolved 3GPP System System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Evolved Packet System (EPS) EPS = Evolved UTRAN + Evolved Packet Core 3G+, 3.5G, etc Advanced phases of the system design Marketing terms
Legacy 3GPP Networks
GSM 2G Architecture SS7 ISUP MAP/IS41 (over TCAP) PSDN Um SS7 SMS-SC A 2G MS BSC Abis BTS GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network MSC B VLR EIR IAM In case of roaming D E Routing Info PLMN C H HLR AuC PSTN GMSC Subscriber s location? PSTN, ISDN BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller MS Mobile Station NSS Network Sub-System MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC EIR Equipment Identity Register PLMN PSDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN ISDN Public Land Mobile Network Public Switched Data Network Public Switched Telephone Network Packet Switched Public Data Network Circuit Switched Public Data Network Integrated Services Digital Network
Circuit Switch vs Packet Switch Reserved bandwidth Time based billing Fixed access time Shared bandwidth Traffic based billing Variable access times Suitable to real-time applications Ideal for data traffic Lower bit rates (14.4 kbps) Inefficient use of resources Higher bit rates (up to 170 kpbs) 2.5 G (GPRS) GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Architecture Um SS7 2.5G MS BSC A MSC E GMSC PSTN PSTN, ISDN Abis BTS Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context: 1) PDP type 2) PDP address (for MS) 3) Requested QoS 4) GGSN address Gb Gs SGSN B VLR EIR IP Gr D PLMN HLR/ HSS Gn H Gc C AuC GGSN Gx PCRF Gi Rx PSDN GPRS General Packet Radio Service SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node HSS Home Subscriber Server PCRF Policy Charging & Rules Function 1- Packet routing from/to MS/GGSN 2- Mobility management 3- Authentication 4- Billing 1- Interfaces to external PDNs 2- Translation between PDP context and GSM adds 3- Authentication 4- Billing
UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 99) Um SS7 2.5G MS BSC A MSC E GMSC PSTN PSTN, ISDN Abis BTS B VLR D PLMN C 3G UE Uu Iub RNC Gb IuPS IuCS Gs SGSN EIR IP Gr HLR/ HSS Gn H Gc AuC GGSN Gx PCRF Gi Rx PSDN Node B Radio Resource Management at UE and RNC: 1) Handover control 2) Power control 3) Admission control UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 4) Packet scheduling Network 5) Code management UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UE User Equipment RNC Radio Network Controller
UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 5) Um IP/ATM 2.5G MS BSC A /IuCS Abis BTS ATM Gb /IuPS MSC Gs B VLR SS7 D Nb/Nc HLR/ HSS H C GMSC PSTN/CS- MGW PSTN, ISDN Uu IuCS Gr Gc AuC Gx PCRF Rx 3G UE Iub RNC IuPS SGSN Gn GGSN Gi PSDN Node B Gs IP Multimedia Sub System (IMS)
Long Term Evolution
LTE Features & Requirements Always on IP connectivity All-IP Network (AIPN) Providing economy of scale and spectrum reuse Supporting full mobility and global roaming Ensuring seamless service across different radio access Efficiently interworking with non-3gpp accesses Compatible with legacy 3GPP networks Ensuring high QoS Affording high user data rates for both uplink and downlink Lower latencies in user and control plan Supporting diverse mobile network services, both unicast and multicast System with reduced cost (CAPEX and OPEX) Reduced number of network elements flatter architecture Less complexity in RAN and economic usage of backhaul capacity System with improved capacity and coverage Usage of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) Spectrum efficiency and reuse System with high level of security
LTE history - Workplan First release of Evolved UTRAN + Evolved Packet Core = Evolved Packet System was standardized in 3GPP Release 8 Official freeze of architecture work for Rel-8 was in June 2008 Start of All IP Networks Start of Study Architecture Study Start of Normative Work 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
System Architecture Evolution
System Architecture Study Objectives: address architecture impacts stemming from All-IP Network study (TR 22.978) define Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for LTE support mobility between heterogeneous access networks, including service continuity Architecture work was taken very seriously by the industry number of people involved increased noticeably (just in the 3GPP SA2 meeting 100-150 people for SAE) politics of stakeholders interests came into play
Key Features/Requirements Simple protocol architecture Shared channel based PS mode only with VoIP capability (No CS) Simple Architecture enodeb as the only E-UTRAN node Fully meshed approach with tunneling mechanism over IP transport network Iu Flex approach Smaller number of RAN interfaces enodeb MME/SAE-Gateway (S1) enodeb enodeb (X2) Compatibility and inter-working with earlier 3GPP Releases Inter-working with other systems, e.g. cdma2000 FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology Efficient Multicast/Broadcast Single frequency network by OFDM Support of Self-Organizing Network (SON) operation 3GPP TS 22.278 Tech. Spec., Service Requirements for Evolution of the 3GPP System, Stage 1, Release 8, June 2008
History on Architecture Battles (1) Architecture A Architecture B GERAN UTRAN Layer-2 like Evolved RAN Iu Gb R1 AAA interface HSS WLAN 3GPP IP Access SGSN Gn/Gp Gx+ Evolved Packet Core R2 PCRF1 Gi Tight coupling to legacy Gi Op. IP Serv. (IMS, PSS, etc) Op. IP Serv. (IMS, PSS, etc) Internet Gi Based on IP-based Internet Mobility Mobility Protocols between access networks based Wi (IETF-based) on 3GPP protocols (e.g. GTP) Gi+ Inter AS Inter-AS MM Gi+ Gi GPRS Core PCRF2 Wi+ HSS Gb Iu AAA interface GERAN UTRAN Evolved Evolved Packet Core Evolved RAN Access Gi Internet Wi Gi WLAN 3GPP IP Access Loose coupling to legacy Layer-3 like
History on Architecture Battles (2) SGi Mobility hsae GW Anchor GTP vs. IP-based Mobility HPLMN S2a/b (PMIP) VPLMN S8a (GTP) SGi S8b (PMIP) legacy PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol vsae GW MME UPE S5 S2a/b (GTP or PMIP) non-3gpp
Architectural Aspects of EPC 3GPP accesses non-3gpp accesses Untrusted non-3gpp Requirement for a special gateway (evolved Packet Data Gateway) for a secure access of UE to EPC Trusted non-3gpp epdg not required
Control Plane Data Plane EPS for 3GPP Accesses PDN GW: IP address allocation, charging and enforces QoS Serving GW: Local mobility anchor for intra-3gpp HO MME: Mobility management entity for intra-3gpp mobility, paging, authentication, bearer management, etc. PCRF: QoS and charging rule provisioning VPLMN HPLMN UTRAN 3GPP Access GERAN S1-MME SGSN MME S3 S4 S12 Gxc S6a Gx HSS PCRF Rx UE LTE-Uu E-UTRAN S1-U S10 S11 Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway SGi Packet Data Network (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) GTP Interface GTP or PMIP Interface PCC Interface
EPS for 3GPP Accesses PDN GW: IP address allocation, charging and enforces QoS Serving GW: Local mobility anchor for intra-3gpp HO MME: Mobility management entity for intra-3gpp mobility, paging, authentication, bearer management, etc. PCRF: QoS and charging rule provisioning UTRAN VPLMN HPLMN UE LTE-Uu 3GPP Access E-UTRAN GERAN S1-MME S1-U SGSN S3 MME 3GPP Access S10 S11 S6a S12 S4 Serving Gateway S5 S6a HSS PCRF Gx PDN SGi Gateway Rx Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) GTP Interface GTP or PMIP Interface PCC Interface
Data Plane Control Plane PDN Gateway Functions S1-MME MME UE LTE-Uu E-UTRAN S1-U S10 S11 Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway SGi Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) UE IP address allocation UE mobility anchoring Per user packet filtering Lawful interception Transport level packet marking Service level charging Service level gating control Rate enforcement based on Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate for an APN Accumulated Maximum Bit Rates of the aggregate of service data flows with the same guaranteed bit rate DHCPv4 & DHCPv6 functions GTP-based S5 Up/Downlink bearer binding Uplink bearer binding verification IP neighborhood detection
Data Plane Control Plane Serving Gateway Functions S1-MME MME UE LTE-Uu E-UTRAN S1-U S10 S11 Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway SGi Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) PMIPv6 MAG functionality Inter-eNB handover Downlink packet buffering in idle mode Service Request Lawful Interception Packet routing and forwarding Up/Downlink packet marking Accounting for inter-operator charging Up/Downlink charging
Data Plane Control Plane MME Functions S1-MME MME UE LTE-Uu E-UTRAN S1-U S10 S11 Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway SGi Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) Handling of NAS signaling - En/decryption and authentication of messages Support of UE Reachability in idle state Tracking Area management; PDN/S-GW selection Target MME selection Subscriber authentication Bearer management Lawful Interception of signaling traffic
Data Plane Control Plane Evolved RAN S1-MME MME UE LTE-Uu E-UTRAN S1-U S10 S11 Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway SGi Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) enb X2 enb Radio Resource Management - Radio Bearer Control Iups - Radio Admission Control - Connection Mobility RNControl - Scheduling Iub Iub IP header compression and encryption of data traffic NB NB MME selection the user data stream Data packet routing UTRAN Uplink transport level packet marking Scheduling and transmission of - paging messages - broadcast information Measurement for mobility and scheduling
Tracking Areas, Service Areas, & MME Pool Areas MME MME Pool Area PDN-GW 1 PDN-GW m S-GW 1 S-GW 2 S-GW k Service Area 1 Service Area 2 Service Area K enbs enbs enbs enbs Tracking Area Tracking Area 2 Tracking Area 3 Tracking Area N Tracking Area Update S-GW Relocation MME Relocation
Summary Migration scenarios from legacy NWs to EPS LTE Requirements & History EPS Architecture and Components