Performance Analysis of AeroRP with Ground Station Advertisements Hemanth Narra, Egemen K. Çetinkaya, and James P.G. Sterbenz Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Information Technology & Telecommunications Research Center The University of Kansas {hemanth ekc jpgs}@ittc.ku.edu http://wiki.ittc.ku.edu/resilinets 11 June 2012 2012 Sterbenz
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Abstract Data transmission in highly-dynamic airborne networks is challenging, thus domain-specific routing protocols are necessary. AeroRP is one such protocol designed to operate in disruption-tolerant networks. Its multi-modal design enables it to operate in varying mission requirements. In this paper, we discuss the operation of various AeroRP modes and analyse their performance using the ns-3 network simulator. We compare the performance of beacon, beaconless, and ground station (GS) modes of AeroRP. The simulation results show the advantages of having a domain-specific routing protocol and also highlight the importance of ground station advertisements to disseminate geolocation information in discovering routes. 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 2
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Outline Introduction and motivation AeroNP and AeroRP operation Simulation analysis Conclusions and future work 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 3
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Introduction and Motivation Introduction and motivation AeroNP and AeroRP operation Simulation analysis Conclusions and future work 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 4
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Background Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) no pre-established infrastructure self-configuring multihop wireless mobility MANET routing each node acts as a router as well as end system topology vs. geography proactive vs. reactive 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 5
Airborne Networking Scenario and Environment Very high relative velocity Mach 7 10 s contact dynamic topology Communication channel limited spectrum asymmetric links data down omni C&C up directional Multihop among ANs through relay nodes GS GW GS GW 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 6 ANs AN AN airborne node RN relay node Internet AN RN GS ground station GW gateway
AeroRP Overview Operation Domain specific geographic routing protocol designed for highly-mobile disruption-tolerant networks operates in two phases neighbor discovery: predictive using TTI metric data forwarding: per hop routing decisions AeroRP multi-modal operation update mechanism beacon: hello messages beaconless mission requirements location-aware location-unaware presence of ground stations (GS) 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 7
AeroRP with GS Advertisements AeroNP and AeroRP Operation Introduction and motivation AeroNP and AeroRP operation Simulation analysis Conclusions and future work 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 8
AeroNP Services and Header Format AeroNP: IP compatible network protocol accept service from AeroRP and provides services to AeroTP congestion control error detection QoS translations at the AeroGW AeroNP header based on mission reqs. basic header location-unaware extended header transmitting node final destination vers CI C type priority IP protocol id IP ECN/DSCP source AN address destination AN address next hop AN address previous hop AN address length flags source dev id dest dev id NP HEC CRC-16 GS timestamp GS fragment number reserved transmitter x-coordinate transmitter x-velocity transmitter y-coordinate transmitter y-velocity transmitter z-coordinate transmitter z-velocity transmitter timestamp destination x-coordinate destination x-velocity destination y-coordinate destination y-velocity destination z-coordinate destination z-velocity destination timestamp Payload 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 9
AeroRP Operation Ground Station Mode Overview Ground station (GS) tracks all nodes within the network at least one GS present in the network broadcasts mission plan to other ANs GS maintains a topology table to store geolocation information of a node its active and predicted link information with other nodes Topology table is updated based on a pre-determined mission plan location information present in received packets 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 10
Ground Station Mode Advertisement Messages GS sends two types of advertisements GSTopology: updates with geolocation information advertised through GSTopologyHeader presence of start time and stop time fields GSLink: updates with link-state information advertised through GSLinkHeader presence of link cost, start time, and stop time fields link cost is calculated based on the stability of the link GS update messages broadcasted to all nodes rebroadcasted by nodes when necessary in future each update is attached with a TypeHeader specifies type of update, flags, and header length 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 11
Ground Station Mode Advertisement Mechanism GS update messages sent periodically or triggered Periodic update messages: GS updates its entire topology table geolocation information is predicted till next periodic update Triggered update messages: based on change in direction of nodes sent in between the GSPeriodicUpdateInterval carry only the changes since the last update sent from GS frequency of trigger updates are not sent if changes can be sent in next periodic update increase as node density and velocity increases may lead to a broadcast storm: i.e. aggregated 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 12
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Simulation Analysis Introduction and motivation AeroNP and AeroRP operation Simulation analysis Conclusions and future work 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 13
Simulation Analysis Parameters Physical channel model: 802.11b @ 11 Mb/s Friis propagation loss model transmission power: 50 dbm, 27800 m (15 nmi) range AeroRP GS update modes with and without: GS-TopologyInformation and GS-LinkInformation Application traffic: constant bit rate 64 byte packets at 1 pkt/s Node density: 10, 20, 30,, 60 Mobility model: 3D Gauss-Markov velocity: 50 m/s 1200 m/s area: 150 km 150 km 1 km 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 14
Simulation Analysis Performance Metrics Packet delivery ratio (PDR) packets received divided by packets sent by application not necessary that all packets are sent by layers below Control overhead excess bytes used to move payload control packets, IP, UDP, AeroNP, and AeroRP headers Packet delay time taken to move packet from source to destination 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 15
Simulation Analysis Packet Delivery Ratio GS mode performs better compared to non-gs mode However, increased node density resulting in higher overhead non-gs mode (topology updates) performs best in high density 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 16
Simulation Analysis Packet Delivery Ratio 35 nodes; 50 m/s 1200 m/s; avg network_connectivity 75% Increased velocities causing link breakages Prediction of AeroRP increases PDR 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 17
Simulation Analysis Packet Delay Topology information modes have higher delay TTI metric is used for prediction impacts time in buffer 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 18
Simulation Analysis Control Overhead Non-GS-update modes incur minimal overhead As the node density increases overhead increases increased node density at high speeds cause more link breakages 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 19
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Conclusions and Future Work Introduction and motivation AeroNP and AeroRP operation Simulation analysis Conclusions and future work 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 20
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Conclusions and Future Work Tradeoffs among AeroRP modes higher PDR vs. delayed delivery Overhead increased in GS-updates mode with increased node density Location information improves PDR as density increases Future work compare performance of AeroRP on TDMA MAC and 802.11 analyse AeroRP in combination with AeroTP prototype these models and validate simulation results 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 21
References [NCS 2011] H. Narra, E. K. Çetinkaya, and J. P.G. Sterbenz, Performance Analysis of AeroRP with Ground Station Updates in Highly-Dynamic Airborne Telemetry Networks, in International Telemetering Conference, Las Vegas, NV, October 2011. [PJCS 2011] K. Peters, A. Jabbar, E. K. Çetinkaya, and J. P.G. Sterbenz, A Geographical Routing Protocol for Highly-Dynamic Aeronautical Networks, in IEEE WCNC, Cancun, Mexico, March 2011, pp. 492 497. [RCN+ 2011] J. P. Rohrer, E. K. Çetinkaya, H. Narra, D. Broyles, K. Peters, and J. P.G. Sterbenz, AeroRP Performance in Highly-Dynamic Airborne Networks using 3D Gauss-Markov Mobility Model, in IEEE MILCOM, Baltimore, MD, November 2011, pp. 834 841. 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 22
Acknowledgements DoD Test Resource Management Center Test and Evaluation / Science and Technology Program ANTP project contract #: W900KK-09-C-0019 Edwards PAO release approval #: AFFTC-PA-12002 International Foundation for Telemetering (IFT) inet Working Group A. Jabbar, J. P. Rohrer, K. Peters, D. Broyles @ ResiliNets group at KU Kip Temple @ Edwards Air Force Base 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 23
AeroRP with GS Advertisements Questions 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 24
AeroRP Operation Flow Processing GS Update GS updates are stored until next periodic update advertised to neighbors have not latest update Receive AeroRP message Extract TypeHeader and look at message type AeroNP timestamp newer? yes Extract AeroRP messages and populate topology or link tables no Discard packet no All messages extracted? yes Link updates? yes Construct adjacency matrix using Dijkstra algorithm no Rebroadcast bit set? yes yes Rebroadcast packet 11 June 2012 Performance of AeroRP with GS Advertisements 25