Internet of Things. Sungkyunkwan University. Mobile Computing. Hyunseung Choo

Contents Introduction Characteristics Architecture IoT-enabling Technology Applications Challenges and Future Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 2/32

Introduction (1/3) VIDEO Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 3/32

Introduction (2/3) VIDEO According to Wikipedia, IoT refers to the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing-like devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications. The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid. Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 4/32

Introduction (3/3) VIDEO Things, in the IoT, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, bio-chip transponders on farm animals, automobiles with built-in sensors, or field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and rescue. Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that utilize WiFi for remote monitoring. Things are expected to become active participants in business, information and social processes where they are enabled to interact and communicate among themselves and with the environment by exchanging data and information sensed about the environment, while reacting autonomously to the real/physical world s events Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 5/32

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State of the Art of IoT Research Groups 1 2 3 MIT Auto-ID Lab & EPC Global. Stanford University Georgia Institute of Technology Cambridge Univ EPFL & ETH Zurich Information and Communication Systems Research Group Chemnitz University of Technology VSR Group Nokia SAP IBM GOOGLE AMBIENT Metro Group Siemens Sun Cisco GE Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 7/32

Characteristics (1/3) From any time, any place connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything! Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 8/32

Characteristics (2/3) Heterogeneity Thingsrelated services Enormous Scale Internet of Things Interconnectivity Dynamic Changes Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 9/32

Characteristics (3/3) Interconnectivity Anything can be connected with the global information and communication infrastructure Things-related services IoT is capable of providing thing-related services within the constraints of things: privacy protection and semantic consistency between physical and virtual things Heterogeneity Devices are heterogeneous as based on different hardware platforms and networks Dynamic changes The state of devices as well as the number of devices can change dynamically Enormous scale The number of devices is at least an order of magnitude larger than the devices connected to the current Internet Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 10/32

Why IoT? Dynamic control of industry and daily life Improve the resource utilization ratio Better relationship between human and nature Forming an intellectual entity by integrating human society and physical systems Flexible configuration, PnP Universal transport & internetworking Accessibility & Usability Acts as technologies integrator Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 11/32

IoT Architecture (1/2) Source: Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 12/32

IoT Architecture (2/2) Source: digi.com Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 13/32

Architecture for Open IoT Services Source: kno.e.sis Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 14/32

Major components of IoT Sensors/Actuators Communication between servers or server platforms Server/Middleware Platforms Data Analytics Engines Applications (ios, Android, Web) Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 15/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Overview (1/2) Sensor Technology To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things Microcontrollers RFID Energy harvesting technologies Wireless Communication and Networking To enable the communication between the sensors and the system Machine-to-machine interfaces and protocols of electronic communication Smart Technology and Computing Cloud Big Data To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing capabilities to different part of the network Actuators (NANO TECH) To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to connect and interact. Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 16/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Overview (2/2) RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech To identify and track the data of things To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing capabilities to different part of the network. To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to connect and interact. Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 17/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Sensor Technology (1/3) Sensor technology play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds, and enabling things to respond to changes in their physical environment Sensors collect data from their environment, generating information and raising awareness about context Sensors in an electronic jacket collects information of changes in external temperature and the parameters of the jacket are adjusted accordingly Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 18/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Sensor Technology (2/3) Using sensory data, an MCU in a game platform could detect the player s emotions to make the game more exciting. How about making turns faster and more difficult to maneuver in a driving game until the gamer shows a more relaxed state? Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 19/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Sensor Technology (3/3) The interactions between human being, nature and environment and machine/infrastructure provide valuable data for determining context awareness, including: The human being The ambient environment Infrastructure/machines being used by the person Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 20/32

IoT Enabling Technologies Communication Technology VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2 Bluetooth Zigbee Z-Wave NFC (Near-Field Communication) RFID WiFi 2G/3G/LTE Wibro/Mobile WiMax PLC (Power Line Communication) Ethernet Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 21/32

Applications of IoT Regional Office Biosensor taken by people House Network Equipment in public place Transportation Vehicle Virtual Environment Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 22/32

Applications of IoT Shopping VIDEO (2) When shopping in the market, the goods will introduce themselves. (1) When entering the doors, scanners will identify the tags on her clothing. (4) When paying for the goods, the microchip of the credit card will communicate with checkout reader. (3) When moving the goods, the reader will tell the staff to put a new one. Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 23/32

Applications of IoT Healthcare : TeleHealth System TeleHealth is the delivery of healthcare services and clinical information to remote locations. TeleMedicine: providing professional consultation and assistance TeleMonitoring: collecting patient data using IoT for remote testing and diagnosis, personalized alerts. TeleSurgery: enabling remote surgeons TeleHealthData Service: sharing specialized health information with other Health service providers, research firms, government, Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 24/32

Applications of IoT Smart Home VIDEO SMART APPLIANCES Remotely controlled (by smart devices) Status reporting Auto-operation Smart energy management devices SMART UTILITIES Smart entertainment systems Smart home shopping Home health-care Solar panel monitoring and control MONITORING & SECURITY Remotely/Safety monitoring Fire/Leak/Intrusion detection Energy usage monitoring Save cost and resources Cost savings, improved safety, enhanced comfort Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 25/32

Applications of IoT Connected Rail Operations PASSENGER SECURITY In-station and onboard safety Visibility into key events ROUTE OPTIMIZATION Enhanced Customer Service Increased efficiency Collision avoidance Fuel savings CRITICAL SENSING Transform data to actionable intelligence Proactive maintenance Accident avoidance Cost savings, improved safety, superior service Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 26/32

Applications of IoT Connected Car WIRELESS ROUTER Online entertainment Mapping, dynamic re-routing, safety and security CONNECTED SENSORS Transform data to actionable intelligence Enable proactive maintenance Collision avoidance Fuel efficiency URBAN CONNECTIVITY Reduced congestion Increased efficiency Safety (hazard avoidance) Actionable intelligence, enhanced comfort, unprecedented convenience Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 27/32

Applications of IoT Smart City VIDEO CONNECTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS Reduced congestion Improved emergency services response times Lower fuel usage PARKING AND LIGHTING Increased efficiency Power and cost savings New revenue opportunities CITY SERVICES Efficient service delivery Increased revenues Enhanced environmental monitoring capabilities Safety, financial, and environmental benefits Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 28/32

IoT Research Challenges Name and Addressing: things advertising, searching and discovery Service Orchestration: automated arrangement, coordination, and management of IoT services Energy Efficient: resource management, energy harvesting Things to Cloud: computation and communication gateways Miniaturization: Sensors, CPU, Network Big Data Analytics: extracting useful information from the sensory data Semantic Technologies: information and data models for interoperability Virtualization: multiple sensors aggregated, or a sensor shared by multiple users Privacy/Security: how to protect the data privacy, how to avoid attacks to our networks to steal or change our data. Heterogeneity: dynamic network topology, dynamic/enormous scale, plenty of standards Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 29/32

Future of IoT Traffic Issue Production Daily Life Logistics Resource & Power Control Retailing Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 30/32

Future of IoT World sensor networks Home automation and domotics Daily life (traffic monitoring, shopping, etc.) Tracking and shipping of goods Healthcare Unpredictable developments Mobile Computing Networking Laboratory 31/32

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