Performance Analysis of Geographic Routing Protocol of MANET

156 Performance Analysis of Geographic Routing Protocol of MANET Haque Nawaz 1,2, Husnain Mansoor Ali 2, Abdul Sattar Saand 3, Muhammad Malook Rind 1, Abdullhah Maitlo 4, Abdul Hameed Pitafi 5, Mazhar Ali 6, Haji Khan Soomro 7, Imran Khan 1 1 SMIU, Karachi, 2 SZABIST, Karachi, 3 QUEST, Nawabshah, 4 SALU, Khairpur, 5 USTC, China, 6 BBSUL, Karachi, 7 MAJU, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract The challenging issues in the Mobile adhoc network technology (MANET) are power and routing. These issues are affecting the performance between devices during communication. The Mobile adhoc network technology is most demanding area of research it is totally centralized control free platform where devices can communicate with each other. However, it is the environment no intermediary access points are required. If any device is far from transmission range than the intermediary devices perform their role of router and forward the traffic towards the designated device. Therefore the communication performance highly mattered. That s why in this research paper it has been focused that by using WLAN (wireless LAN) technology 802.11a and 802.11g in the mobile adhoc network the performance of GRP routing protocol has been evaluated. The parameters which has been considered as delay, traffic sent, traffic received, traffic load and throughput. The OPNET modeler 14.5 has been used to carried out the performance analysis of GRP in two different wireless LAN environment. Key words Routing, Protocols, GRP, MANET, Performance 1. Introduction The emergence of wireless network technology facing the different limitations such as power issues, QoS (quality of service) issues, limitation of bandwidth, routing issues, scalability issues, mobility issues, security issues and so many other problems, constraints have not dissuaded the development of wireless network technology. The Mobile Adhoc Network technology is a demanding area of research and vast field of wireless networks technology. The MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network) system has the platform where MN (mobile nodes) communicates with each other except centralized control. The MN can send and receive traffic without predefined infrastructure. The traffic may be messages, voice, multimedia messages, VoIP, video conferencing, FTP load, web browsing etc, these nodes can generate traffic and route the traffic towards destination. This type of network has different topologies, disparate operation [1]. The MN s can communicate with each other directly in a specific transmission range, or if the source and destination nodes are out of their range, then intermediary nodes can forward the traffic and perform their operation as a router whenever required [2]. The traffic applications have different characteristics and different QoS requirements for communication. The Mobile Adhoc Network allow enormous applications in different scenarios, Comprising emergency relief in disaster recovery, emergency relief in hospitals, and emergency relief in battle of war. It also helps in electronic payment with mobility. That s why the applications have needed the QoS for future foreseeing [4] 2.MANET routing protocol The MANET routing protocols have three categories Comprising proactive, reactive and hybrid protocols [5-15], each category has different protocols. However the proactive routing protocols are DSDV(Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing, OLSR(Optimized Link State Routing Protocol ), TORA (Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm), ABR (Associativity Based Routing). on the other hand AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) WRP (Wireless Routing Protocol), CGSR (Clustered Gateway Switch Routing), and hybrid protocols are ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol), GRP (Geographic Routing Protocol), ZHLS (Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State) routing protocol, CEDAR (Core- Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm) [16-22]. In this paper, the research work is carried out by using GRP routing protocol. The GRP perform its routing operation as the source node creates all possible paths and collects all possible information of route from source to destination. It perform its operation as DSR. The GRP protocol is mainly focused. 3. Rsearch material and Methods The experimental methodology is used to evaluate the performance of GRP in both WLAN 802.11a and 802.11g MANET environment. The OPNET 14.5 version is used to build an adhoc network topology. In this adhoc network wireless topology the adhoc network parameters enabled with adhoc GRP routing protocol and enabled GRP. Beside this the mobile devices vector trajectory enabled. After this the wireless LAN 802.11a characteristics enabled by using data rate 54mbps, the transmit power adjusted to 0.005 watt Manuscript received November 5, 2017 Manuscript revised November 20, 2017

157 packet reception power threshold adjusted at -95 with GRP annotation on other hand the scenario has been duplicated and reconfigured by wireless LAN 802.11g by using same characteristics. The other GRP annotation indicates the 802.11g environment. In the above figure 02, it has been evaluated and observed that the GRP Total Traffic Sent greater in 802.11a and the GRP Total Traffic Sent less in 802.11g as per the graph annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g 4. Experimental work and discussion By using OPNET Modeler the experimental work has been carried out. Fig. 3 GRP Packets Dropped bits/sec In the above figure 03, it has been evaluated and observed that the GRP Packets Dropped greater in 802.11g and the GRP Packets Dropped less in 802.11a as per the graph annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g. Fig. 1 Network topology In the above figure 01, Network topology has been created with the different network objects. The application configured with heavy browsing and the profile is configured with high load same way the server configured. In this scenario 14 mobile nodes configured, these nodes are known as mobile devices. These devices also configured by the GRP routing protocol parameters and GRP services. The traffic already enabled through application and profile configuration with voice traffic. The wireless LAN parameters enabled as discussed in materials and methods section. Fig. 4 GRP Total Traffic Sent pkts/sec In the above figure 04, it has been evaluated and observed that the GRP Total Traffic Sent pkts/sec greater in 802.11a and the GRP Total Traffic Sent pkts/sec less in 802.11g as per the graph annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU 802.11g. Fig. 2 GRP Total Traffic Sent bits/sec

158 In the above figure 07, it has been evaluated and observed that the Voice Jitter greater in 802.11g and the Voice Jitter less in 802.11a as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 5 GRP Total Traffic Received pkts/sec In the above figure 05, it has been evaluated and observed that GRP Total Traffic Received pkts/sec greater in 802.11a and the GRP Total Traffic Received pkts/sec less in 802.11g as per the graph annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU 802.11g Fig. 8 Voice Traffic Sent bytes/sec In the above figure 08, it has been evaluated and observed that the Voice Traffic Sent bytes/sec greater in 802.11a environment and thevoice Traffic Sent bytes/sec less in 802.11g as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 6 GRP Total Traffic Received bits/sec In the above figure 06, it has been evaluated and observed that the GRP Total Traffic Received bits/sec greater in 802.11a and the GRP Total Traffic Received bits/sec less in 802.11g as per the graph annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a &HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 9 Voice Traffic Sent packets/sec In the above figure 09, it has been evaluated and observed that the Voice Traffic Sent packets/secgreater in 802.11a and the Voice Traffic Sent packets/sec less in 802.11g as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL- MAJU GRP 802.11g. Fig. 7 Time Average Voice Jitter sec

159 In the above figure 12, it has been evaluated and observed that the Wireless LAN Media Access Delay greater in 802.11g and the Wireless LAN Media Access Delay less in 802.11a as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 10 Voice Traffic Received packets/sec In the above figure 10, it has been evaluated and observed that the Voice Traffic Received packets/secgreater in 802.11a and the Voice Traffic Received packets/sec less in 802.11g as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 13 Wireless LAN Network Load bits/sec In the above figure 13, it has been evaluated and observed that the W LAN Network Load bits/sec greater in 802.11a and the WLAN Network Load bps less in 802.11g as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL- MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 11 Wireless LAN Load bits/sec In the above figure 11, it has been evaluated and observed that the Wireless LAN Load bits/secgreater in 802.11a and the Wireless LAN Load bits/sec less in 802.11a as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 14 WLAN Retransmission Attempt pkts In the above figure 14, it has been evaluated and observed that the Wireless LAN Retransmission Attempt pkts greater in 802.11g and the Wireless LAN Retransmission Attempt pkts less in 802.11a as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g Fig. 12 Wireless LAN Media Access Delay

160 6. Conclusion Fig. 15 Wireless LAN Throughput bits/sec In the above figure 15, it has been evaluated and observed that the Wireless LAN Throughput bits/sec greater in 802.11a and the Wireless LAN Throughput bits/sec less in 802.11g as per graph the annotation HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11a and HNL-MAJU GRP 802.11g. The experimental methodology is used to evaluate the performance of GRP in both WLAN 802.11a and 802.11g MANET environment. The OPNET 14.5 Version is used to build an Adhoc network topology. In this Adhoc network wireless topology the Adhoc network parameters enabled with Adhoc GRProuting protocol and the GRP services activated. Beside this the mobile devices vector trajectory enabled. After this the wireless LAN 802.11a characteristics enabled by using data rate 54mbps, the transmit power adjusted to 0.005-watt packet reception power threshold adjusted at -95 with GRP annotation on other hand the scenario has been duplicated and reconfigured by wireless LAN 802.11g by using same characteristics. The GRP1 annotation indicates the 802.11g environment. 5. Results analysis The table 1 shows the comparative performance evaluation of GRP in both WLAN 802.11a and 802.11g MANET environment Table 1: Results analysis S.No Parameters Protocol WLAN 802.11 a WLAN 802.11g 1 MANET delay Less Greater 2 MANET Traffic sent Same Same 3 MANET Traffic Received GRP Greater Less 4 WLAN Load Less Greater 5 WLAN throughput Greater Less 6 WLAN Delay Less Greater In this research paper it has been studied and evaluated that the performance of GRP routing protocol varied in the scenario of WLAN 802.11a and 802.11g MANET environment. The performance of GRP has been observed better in 802.11a WLAN as compared to 802.11g WLAN MANET environment. It has been observed that GRP protocol perform operation better in 802.11a than 802.11g. Moreover further research intend to conduct similar comparative simulation based tests by using ns-2 and ns-3 to confirm the GRP performance by using different parameters, node densities, power, and WLAN environments. Acknowledgement Thanks for guidance and mentoring of Dr. Hasnain Mansoor Ali, my teachers, my colleagues and friends. References [1] S. Singh, Y.-S. Jeong, and J. H. Park, A survey on cloud computing security: Issues, threats, and solutions, J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 75, pp. 200 222, 2016. [2] M. Rath and C. V. R. C. Academy, Group Based Analysis of AODV Related Protocols in MANET, pp. 548 553, 2016. [3] M. Sharma, Wormhole Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, pp. 1 4, 2016. [4] H. NAWAZ, HM ALI, and G. NABI. "Simulation based analysis of Reactive Protocols Metrics in MANET Using OPNET." pp. 531-538 (2014). [5] H.Nawaz, and H.M., Ali. "Analysis of routing protocol metrics in MANET." Journal of Independent Studies and Research 12, no. 1 (2014): 75. [6] H. Nawaz, Performance Analysis of Table Driven and Event Driven Protocols for Voice and Video Services in MANET, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 35 49, 2015. [7] V. Tafti and A. Gandomi, Performance of QoS Parameters in MANET Application Traffics in Large Scale Scenarios, World Acad. Sci. Eng, pp. 855 858, 2011. [8] J. Theunis, B. Van Den Broeck, P. Leys, J. Potemans, E. Van Lil, and A. Van De Capelle, OPNET in Advanced Networking Education, pp. 1 6. [9] A. Aneiba and M. Melad, Performance Evaluation of AODV, DSR, OLSR, and GRP MANET Routing Protocols Using OPNET, Int. J. Futur. Comput. Commun., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 57 60, 2016. [10] P. Mittal, P. Singh, and S. Rani, Performance Analysis of AODV, OLSR, GRP and DSR Routing Protocols with Database Load in MANET, Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 412 420, 2013. [11] U. P. Daniel, M. Muhammad, N. C. Agbanusi, and H. Pierson, Optimising VoIP Traffic over MANET: Leveraging the Power of TORA On-Demand Routing Protocol, Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 82, no. 12, pp. 37 51, 2013. [12] J. Hosek, P. Vajsar, and R. Figurny, OLSR-based QoS support in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks 2 QoS Support in MANET, pp. 99 103.

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162 Mr Mazhar Ali is PhD Scholar at Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institue of Science and Technology Karachi. He is working as Assistant Professor and Incharge Faculty of Computer Science and Infromation technology at Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Liyari, Karachi. He has diversified 17 years administration, teaching and industry experience. His Areas of Interest is Image processing, Machine learning and Communication Dr Abdullah Maitlo assistant professor department of computer science shah abdul latif university khairpur. dr maitlo has done phd from university of central lancasaire UK. Currently he is working as assistant professor of cyber security and knowledge management. further more his interest of research includes encryption knowledge economy of social network security and cyber crime.he has worked at coventry university UK for one year. Mr. Imran Ali Keerio earned his MS Degree in Networks & Telecom from Muhammad Ali Jinnah University. He is working as Lecturer at Sindh Madfressatul Islam University, Karachi.He has 9 years industry experience in Project Management. His area of interests are Network Security Project Management and Wireless Communication