SEMICOLONS. Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses joined without a conjunction

Similar documents
13.1 End Marks Using Periods Rule Use a period to end a declarative sentence a statement of fact or opinion.

SEMICOLONS & COLONS. I can use semicolons and colons correctly in writing.

Chapter 9 Conjunctions

The semicolon [ ; ] is a powerful mark of punctuation with three uses.

Avoiding Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments, ; Getting Your Punctuation Right!

The Writer s Guild. Commas

Writing From the Editor s Perspective. No passion in the world is equal to the passion to alter someone else s draft. H.G. Wells

Using Semicolons 2 rules

COMMAS. (1) Use commas after the parts of a complete address in a sentence.

SECTION 2: PUNCTUATION

The Book of Grammar Lesson Eleven. Mr. McBride AP Language and Composition

Letter writing Pattern and tips

When using and, or, or nor, people sometimes omit the last comma. This, however, can make sentences unclear.

COMMA RULE 1: COMMAS IN A SERIES (ITEMS IN A SERIES)

The 8 Basic Uses of Commas. Merrimack College Writing Center Danielle Morin, Writing Fellow

WBJS Grammar Glossary Punctuation Section

Holistic Punctuation Chart

19. Bulleted and Numbered Lists

Independent clauses: The instructor put us in small groups, and she gave us a new assignment.

IAE Professional s (02)

Part II Composition of Functions

Presents: The Dirty Dozen. Workshop Series

Punctuation 1. How to use commas semi-colons. Commas (,) First of all, you need to drink regularly to avoid dehydration.

Alphabetical Index referenced by section numbers for PUNCTUATION FOR FICTION WRITERS by Rick Taubold, PhD and Scott Gamboe

Business Letter. Assignment

5 Ways to Abuse a Comma

Commas Rule. Part 1: The Basics. nquick Review of common uses ncommas in a list ncommas between adjectives ncommas in a compound sentence

How to use your mobile phone

DR. H S 4 RULES. I have whittled the list down to 4 essential rules for college writing:

Top Posts from the Zen Comma Blog, Edition 1

Comma Rules! Susan Brown. Adapted from a presentation by Lynn McClelland

Commas. This handout offers seven easy steps to becoming a comma superhero. Commas, commas, and more commas

(Photos and Instructions Based on Microsoft Outlook 2007, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, and Hotmail)

Intro to Business Documents: Business Letters

Proper Comma Usage. Graduate Writing Center Jessica Erkfitz

Question 1: Comprehension. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Commas Rule with some Comma Rules

Commas. Review Mini Lesson

Using your keypad meter card

Upload Your Site. & Update. How to

BUSINESS LETTER BLOCK FORMAT WITH MIXED PUNCTUATION

Relay For Life Fundraising

6. Punctuation. 6.1 When emphasis is desired, a colon may be used to introduce a secondary clause that is closely related to the main clause:

Written Communication

1. Preparing to write an 2. Using the prefatory elements 3. Beginning the message 4. Organizing the contents 5. Closing the message 6.

4/19/2013. Betti Gardner Department of Surgery Clinic Operations Director

KEEP CALM KERN AND. Some of the do s and don ts of Typography by Fran Pimblett

A Rough Guide to Punctuation

FAO Online Style Guide Version 1.0

DOWNLOAD OR READ : THE ONE THAT I WANT MIRABELLE HARBOR BOOK 2 PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI

Business Writing In English

How to Use Semicolons

Westpac phone banking

Writing a letter quiz

Secrets of Domain Names

The Twelve Comma Rules. Courtesy of:

CSc Senior Project Writing Software Documentation Some Guidelines

Schrijf.be English Style Guide

Connect to CCPL

Connect to CCPL

Lesson Share TEACHER'S NOTES LESSON SHARE. ing by Olya Sergeeva. Overview. Preparation. Procedure

PHISHING ATTACKS: 9 BAD HABITS MALICIOUS S LOVE. Proactive IT Solutions.

Business Switch Kit. Come Home To E. Austin P O Box 269 Giddings, TX

BUSINESS WRITING. Business Writing. Business Writing. Business Writing. Business Writing NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY

Lesson 13 Punctuation: Commas and Semicolons

Tutorials for Subscribers

1 Jane s dress is... yours. A the same than B the same to C similar than D similar to

Digital Citizenship. Student Packet Grades K-2 UNIT

Formal Figure Formatting Checklist

Apology letter from a bank to client

Connect to CCPL

CLASSIC CLASSES (ANKUL SIR) We stress learning, not teaching..

STUDENT FAQS (LAUNCHPAD, WRITER'S HELP 2.0, AND LEARNINGCURVE)

DOCUMENTS AND THEIR FORMATS: REPORTS AND PROPOSALS. A Short Proposal or Report? Deciding Between Letter and Memo Format

Concordia University. Engineering & Computer Science WRITING ABOUT NUMBERS BCEE 6961 GRADUATE SEMINAR IN BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

SERVICE SPECIFICATION

PREPAY PLUS. User Guide. energy made better. Proud to make a difference. SSE Airtricity Prepay Plus

How to Write a Proper Business Letter

Usage And Punctuation Standards

Practice your English A workshop for Librarians. Course outline. Exercise 1 taking details. Mark Edwards. Everyday tasks Taking personal details

2016 All Rights Reserved

User guide. Lifestyle. Pay As You Go. A smarter way to prepay. Lifestyle Pay As You Go. Proud to make a difference

Style Guide. For Athletics logos and standards, please contact Athletics or visit

Grammar Workshop Series Unit 8 Punctuation Part One

Before you begin. Topic 1: Plan document 1

Not Dead Yet: How to Write Great to Customers in the Age of Social Service

2018 Marketer Publication & Editorial Guidelines

F. Bellissimo English Department Forest Heights Collegiate Institute. ENG Mr. Bellissimo

comma, comma, comma, comma, comma, chameleon

MY TEACHER ONLINE BRITISH LETTER

Working with Mailings

The next several pages summarize some of the best techniques to achieve these three goals.

COVER LETTER UNIT 1 LESSON 3

Mystery Shopping year end report 2015/ hrs 4. How did we carry out the programme?

ProgressTestA Unit 5. Vocabulary. Grammar

Ryan Parsons Chad Price Jia Reese Alex Vassallo

Bethpage Content Writing Style Guide

12 Key Steps to Successful Marketing

Momental. Adrienne I. (Observer) Juliana C. (Computer) Meredith M. (Greeter/Facilitator) Nhien T. (Observer)

Connect to CCPL

Transcription:

Semicolons & Colons

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses joined without a conjunction

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses joined without a conjunction Three people built the model; only one received credit for it. That person laughed a lot at the others. Work at straightening out these shelves; someone else will get the bodies. Your time is up; you need to move on to the next victim.

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses that contain commas, even if the clauses are joined by a conjunction The special services department needed better equipment, updated training, and sound professional advice; but since all of this came after the explosion, the books were in sorry shape. In this complex-compound sentence, the semicolon helps the reader see where the break in thought occurs. The semicolon makes the sentence easier to understand.

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb that expresses a relationship between clauses when words such as however, therefore, then, and thus connect two independent clauses, the first independent clause is followed by a semicolon, and the joining word is followed by a commas.

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb that expresses a relationship between clauses We ordered from last year s swimwear catalog; consequently, our prices were wrong. I wanted a new sports car; however, a Matchbox was all I could afford. My brother Chad thought he had been cheated; therefore, he wanted his money back from the monkey. In the movie Star Wars, Luke Skywalker searches for a mysterious princess; furthermore, he destroys an evil Death Star.

SEMICOLONS Separating Independent Clauses: use a semicolon to separate independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb that expresses a relationship between clauses a list of special joining words: according besides consequently furthermore hence however instead moreover nevertheless then therefore thus

SEMICOLONS Conjunctive Adverbs (CA) vs. Subordinate Conjunctions (SC) It is easy to confuse the two. SC such as because, although, since, until, and while with CA SC introduce dependent clauses that cannot stand alone as a sentence CA, however, introduce independent clauses that can stand alone without the adverb

SEMICOLONS Conjunctive Adverbs (CA) vs. Subordinate Conjunctions (SC) Easy test to see if the word beginning a clause is a subordinate conjunction, for which you need only a comma, or a conjunctive adverb that needs a semicolon: If you can move the word around in the clause, it is the joining word that takes a semicolon If not, it is probably a subordinate conjunction.

SEMICOLONS If you can move the word around in the clause, it is the joining word that takes a semicolon If not, it is probably a subordinate conjunction. My paycheck was late. I couldn t pay my rent on time. Here are two different ways of combining these two independent clauses. My paycheck was late; therefore, I couldn t pay my rent on time. I couldn t pay my rent on time because my paycheck was late.

SEMICOLONS My paycheck was late; therefore, I couldn t pay my rent on time. If you can move the word around in the clause, it is the joining word that takes a semicolon You could move therefore to a different place in the clause if you wanted to You could say, I couldn t, therefore, pay my rent on time. So, therefore, is a conjunctive adverb

SEMICOLONS I couldn t pay my rent on time because my paycheck was late. If you cannot move the word around in the clause, it is probably a subordinate conjunction The word because makes no sense anywhere else in the clause You couldn t say, My paycheck because was late. Therefore, because is a subordinate conjunction

SEMICOLONS Items in a series: use a semicolon to separate items in a series if the items contain commas this helps the reader to see which set of items go together unlike items in a series separated by commas, a semicolon is used even when there is a conjunction

SEMICOLONS Items in a series: The possible dates for the potluck are Thursday, June 5; Saturday, June 7; Sunday, June 8; or Monday, June 9. On our team you ll find the hustlers, John and Marilynn; the slackers, Henrietta, Chuck, and Kerald; and the easygoing people, Judy, Bob, and Ralph. The crematorium will relocate in either Beaverton, Oregon; Vancouver, Washington; or 2508 NE Everett Street, Portland, Oregon.

COLONS THAT INTRODUCE Use a colon to introduce a list of items. These people were transferred to Binder Core as a punishment for past wrongs: Brad, Cindy, Trevor, and Jill. We ordered these supplies: paper, staples, scissors, body bags, sterile gloves, makeup remover, and tape.

COLONS THAT INTRODUCE Do not use a colon if the list of items completes the meaning begun by the verb, in other words, if it fits right into the flow of the sentence. Examples of the previous sentences rewritten in such a way that a colon is not necessary. The people transferred to Binder Core as a punishment for past wrongs were Brad, Cindy, Trevor, and Jill. We ordered paper, staples, scissors, body bags, sterile gloves, makeup remover, and tape.

COLONS THAT INTRODUCE Use a colon to introduce a formal quotation. Nietzsche offered this sound advice: Smash not the happy delusions of men.

COLONS THAT INTRODUCE Use a colon to introduce a word, phrase, or clause that adds particular emphasis to the main body of a sentence. Your busy work schedule is the result of one thing: poor planning. Jerry needed this essential information: the price.

COLONS THAT SHOW RELATIONSHIP Use a colon to show a relationship in the following cases: Between two independent clauses when the second explains the first. Judy shouted and turned cartwheels: She had just finished the last day of Core. Brian framed the paycheck: It was the first check he had ever earned. Sylvia ignored the doorbell: She could not move after ten hours of playing soccer.

COLONS THAT SHOW RELATIONSHIP Use a colon to show a relationship in the following cases: Between the title and subtitle of a book. Measurement: Translating into Metric Next Step: A Futuristic View of Technology Fear: Tales from Binder Core

COLONS THAT SHOW RELATIONSHIP Use a colon to show a relationship in the following cases: Between volumes and page numbers. Contemporary Authors V:128 Education Digest 10:23 Marvel Comics 21:24

COLONS THAT SHOW RELATIONSHIP Use a colon to show a relationship in the following cases: Between chapters and verses. James 3:10 Exodus 1:1 Proverbs 2:2

COLONS THAT SHOW RELATIONSHIP Use a colon to show a relationship in the following cases: Between hours and minutes. 12:53 a.m. 2:10 p.m.

COLONS IN BUSINESS LETTERS You have learned that a comma follows a greeting (or salutation) in a personal, or friendly, letter. In business communications, a colon signals the reader that what follows is a business matter, something to be taken seriously. This is particularly true if you include the position, but not the name of the person to whom the letter is addressed. Even in a business letter the closing is followed by a comma. Dear Ms. Essian: Sincerely yours, Dear Editor: Cordially yours,