IoT Connectivity Standards Intro. IoT connectivity Wi-Fi Connectivity BT/ZigBee Connectivity 2015. 10. 28 Advanced Standard R&D Lab. LG Electronics HanGyu Cho (hg.cho@lge.com )
Intro Different IoT Services need different User Experience (Ux) And, different Ux requires different IoT connectivity technologies User Experience (Ux) Throughput Coverage Power Cost Service & Application Platform Solution Connectivity Solution BT Wi-Fi Zigbee Z-Wave NFC Sensor 1
IoT Connectivity IoT Connectivity Comparison IoT connectivity technologies should be smartly used (possibly together) according to applications Wi-Fi (11ac) Bluetooth BR/EDR LE 1) Zigbee Z-Wave NFC Coverage 30m 15m 10m 10m (2.4 GHz) 10m 4cm Data Rate (Peak) Power consumption 2) (Sleep/Rx.) 6.9Gbps 2.1Mbps 1Mbps 250 kbps 9.6 / 40kbps 424 kbps 5uA/25mA 1uA/20mA 0.5uA/15mA 0.5uA/25mA 1uA/20mA N/A Scalability (Connections) 255 6,000(11ah) 8 (Star) 65,560 (Mesh) 65,560 (Mesh) 232 (Mesh) 1 Operating Frequency 5GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz, 868/915 MHz 800~900 MHz 13.56 MHz 2 1) Low Energy 2) Source: Qualcomm, Connecting the Internet of Everything, August 2014
IoT Connectivity Wireless connectivity in short range is prevailing IoT Chipset Shipments (1/2) Cellular Wireless in Short-range Wired CAGR:10.1% CAGR:8.8% CAGR:8.8% CAGR:6.6% CAGR:13.9% CAGR:20.6% X1000 Units Total IoT Connectable Devices Shipments (IHS, 2015) 3
IoT Connectivity IoT Chipset Shipments (2/2) More than 5 Billion Wi-Fi and BT devices per year in the market Wi-Fi Chipset Shipments Bluetooth Chipset Shipments Units: Billions 50 억개 25 20 Units: Billions 15 10 5 * Source: IHS * ABI research, 2014.12 4
Wi-Fi Connectivity 2.4 & 5GHz (WLAN) 60GHz (60GHz wireless) Sub 1GHz (Long Range/Low Power) Tri-band Wi-Fi (2.4/5/60GHz) & Sub 1GHz 1997 2008 2014 2019 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11ac 802.11ad 802.11ax More than 4X faster 16.2H 802.11ay More than 30Gbps 17.1H 18 802.11ah Sub-1GHz Wi-Fi for IoT : Commercial 19 High-end IoT devices Tri-band Wi-Fi (2.4/5/60GHz) Low-end IoT devices 2.4/5GHz (or Sub 1GHz only) 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ad 802.11ah Peak Data Rate 600Mbps 6.9Gbps 6.7Gbps Antenna Tech. System Bandwidth SU-MIMO (4 streams) 20/40MHz MU-MIMO (8 streams) 20/40/80/160M Hz Beamforming 2.16GHz 150Kbps ~ 7.8Mbps 1) Up to 2 streams 1/2/4/8/16 Mhz 1) BW: 1 or 2 MHz @ 1stream 기준 5
Wi-Fi Connectivity Next Generation Wi-Fi: 802.11ax More than 4x faster in average throughput (Commercialized in 2018) Wi-Fi network will be denser and slower since more than 5 millions of new Wi-Fi devices per day Simultaneous devices @Smart Home Outdoor robustness @ Smart Mobile Always more than 1Gbps in average Lower power consumption @Wearables, control Real-time services @ Anytime, Anywhere 11ax Tech. Simultaneous multi-user transmission in frequency (OFDMA) DL/UL multiple antennas (DL/UL MIMO) Interference control/mitigation Standards Plan 14. 5 11ax Task Group 16. 7 11ax D1.0 17. 5 11ax D2.0 6
Wi-Fi Connectivity Next Generation Wi-Fi: 802.11ax Enabling technologies for 4x faster wireless connectivity CCA control (Frequency Reuse enhancement) OFDMA (Multiple Access in Frequency) UL MU-MIMO (Multiple antenna in UL) CP (1/4) Pay Load (1) New Numerology & Frame structure (1/4) 4x longer symbol CP (1/16) 7 Pay Load (1)
Wi-Fi Connectivity 60GHz wireless faster than 30Gbps Next Generation 60GHz Wireless: 802.11ay Needs of 4K, 8K UHD Backhaul @60GHz Replacement of wired IF (USB, HDMI, DP 1) ) Wireless Backhaul 11ay AP BUS STO P 11ay AP Offloading (60GHz) Cellular Wireless transfer more than 30Gbps 60GHz Small cell (Wi-Fi offloading) High speed P2P 2) 11ay Tech. Hybrid beamforming channel bonding Standards Plan 15. 5 11ay TG 17. 5 11ay D1.0 17. 11 11ay D2.0 1) Display port, 2) Point-to-Point 8
Wi-Fi Connectivity Low power Wi-Fi: 802.11ah Low power Wi-Fi for IoT applications (commercialized in 2018) Needs of low-power, long-range Wi-Fi due to IoT & sensor devices Low power More than 10times less Long range Up to 1km Low power, long range Wi-Fi for IoT Scalability Up to 6000 connections High data rate 7.8Mbps@ 2MHz BW 11ah tech. Sleep mode enhancement Small bandwidth support Paging enhancement Standards Plan 15. 10 Sponsor Ballot starts 17. 1H WFA certification starts 1) Display port, 2) Point-to-Point 9
Wi-Fi Connectivity Wi-Fi Aware R2 (NAN: Neighbor Awareness Networking) Low power Wi-Fi service discovery and data transmission Plan NAN (~ 15.7), NAN2 ( 15.7~) Service Discovery Proxy Control Home gateway (Proxy) service discovery Technologies : data tx. support, low power, distance measurement, Proxy support, range extension (802.11ah) 10
Wi-Fi Connectivity Application Service Platform 2 Common API for Wi-Fi service discovery, connection, security Plan: Wi-Fi Direct Service (~ 14.9), ASP 2( 14.9~) Miracast service discovery Screen Mirroring SEND service discovery by Wi-Fi Aware Wi-Fi music streaming service discovery by BLE Security enhancement Dynamic mode change between direct/ap connection NFC Tap-to Print Technologies Multiple discovery support Dynamic connection mode Security Enhancement 11
Print Send Play Displa y Docking App 1 App 2 Open API Wi-Fi Connectivity Wi-Fi-based Architecture WFDS 1) Service NAN Service WSB 2) ASP2 Platform ASP ASP2 Connectivity NAN MAC Wi-Fi Direct 802.11 PHY (11n, 11ac, 11ad, 11ah) Infrastructure Mode Ethernet NFC BLE 12
Bluetooth/ZigBee Connectivity Next Bluetooth Features: Long Range, Mesh, LE Audio, DoT 1) & EP 2) BT 3.0 BT 4.0 (~ 14) BT 5.0 (~ 16) Core (PHY/MAC) BR/EDR Data Rate: 3Mbps BLE Data Rate: 1Mbps BLE Long Range Data Rate: 2Mbps Range: 10~100m Range: 10~100m Range: ~ 1km, Mesh Peak Power: 30mA Peak Power: 10mA Peak Power: < 10mA Profile Internet (IPv6, Restful API) DoT & EP (~ 16) LE Audio (~ 17) Mesh (~ 18) and Telephony & Car, Sports & Fitness, Medical 13 1) DoT: Discovery of Things 2) Easy Pairing
Bluetooth/ZigBee Connectivity Discovery of Things (DoT) & Easy Pairing (EP) DoT BLE-based low power discovery Handover to BT Audio, Wi-Fi Direct/Miracast after discovery Easy Pairing BT device paring by agent device (e.g. smart phone) UX enhancement by connection control of devices (e.g. Wi-Fi Miracast) Another usage is for sensor/device without I/O BLE Discovery BLE Wi-Fi BR/EDR WiGig WFD Connection & Data Transmission Wi-Fi BR/EDR WiGig WFD 14
Bluetooth/ZigBee Connectivity LE Audio & Long Range LE Audio BLE-based Low power Audio M:N Multi Audio connection Long Range direct transmission up to 1km Receiver sensitivity enhancement maintaining transmission power (max 12dBm) 15
Bluetooth/ZigBee Connectivity Thread is IP-supporting version of ZigBee IPv6 support Better Interoperability than ZigBee Due to standardized routing technology Security Enhancement Remote access enhancement by DTLS (cf) AES-128 for Zigbee) ZigBee Application profile ZigBee Network Thread Application profile Thread Network IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY 16
Conclusions Wireless Connectivity for IoT Smart use of IoT connectivity solution according to services, Ux, and market value Wi-Fi & BT will be probably main connectivity enablers for IoT, but, need to carefully monitor others Services Video Audio Message (control) Message (control) Message (Payment) Ux (Coverage / Power consumption) In house / High In room / Very Low In room/very low In room / Low In touch / Zero Market Value Very High Very High Medium Low Medium Main devices Smartphone, TV, Home Appliances, Car Smartphone, Car, Wearables, IT Accessories Smart control at home (light, thermastat,..) Smart control at home (light, thermastat,..) Mobile Payment 17