Cloud 101 Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, CBNE Texas A&M University - KAMU v3
My Agenda Introduction & IP Networking Review Cloud Fundamentals Virtualization & The Data Center Environment Network Providers Takeaways / Closing Thoughts / Q & A 2
The Keys to Understanding Technology Do Not Be Afraid to Ask Questions! Understand the TLA s Understand the FLA s (and xfla s) Do Not Confuse FLA s Understand the Context of TLA s and FLA s Did I Mention to Ask Questions? 3
5 Things Required To Build a Network Send Host Receive Host Message or Data to Send Between Hosts Media to Interconnect Hosts Protocol to Define How Data is Transferred
Reference Models The OSI Model DoD Model TCP/IP Model Encapsulation 7 Application Service Provided to Applications 6 Presentation Provides Data Formatting 4 Application Application Data 5 Session Provides Conversation Control 4 Transport Provides Data Sequencing, Flow Control, Integrity 3 Transport TCP UDP Segments 3 Network Provides Logical Addressing, Fragmentation, End-End Delivery 2 Internetwork IP Packets 2 1 Data Link Physical LLC MAC Provides Physical Addressing, Error Correction Provides Media Interface, Topology 1 Network Access Network Interface Frames Bits Please Do Not Take Sausage Pizza Away! 5
Another Look at the OSI Model Application 7 Presentation 6 Session 5 Transport 4 Network 3 Data Link 2 Physical 1 EMAIL POP SMTP 25 RS-xxx WEB HTTP 80 TCP IPv4 PPP ISDN ADSL File Transfer FTP 20 / 21 802.2 SNAP CAT 5 Directory DNS 53 UDP IPv6 Ethernet II Coax Net Mgmt SNMP 161 / 162 Fiber Application Layers Network Layers 6
Layer 2 Standards: Project 802 Ethernet Standards: 802.1 Bridging 802.3 Ethernet 802.11 Wireless http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/ 7
Layer 3 Standards: Request for Comments RFC s The Standards Bible of the Internet Explains All Aspects of IP Networking 8 www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
Addressing Each Host on an Ethernet Based IP Network Has: An Unique MAC Address Layer 2 Physical Address (local network segment) An Unique IP Address Layer 3 Logical Address (global routed) Simplified Representation FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 00:12:3F:8D:4D:A7 172.15.1.1 172.15.2.2 DATA Trailer Destination MAC Source MAC Source IP Destination IP IP Packet Ethernet Frame
TCP Connection Oriented Guaranteed Delivery Reliable, But Higher Latency Resends Dropped Segments Provides Flow Control Performs CRC UDP Connectionless No Guaranteed Delivery Unreliable, But Low Latency No Retransmission No Flow Control Performs CRC 10
Routing & Switching Summary Route Between Networks (Control Broadcast Domains) Switch to Eliminate a Collision Domain Within a Broadcast Domain 11
Why is QoS Important? QoS Is Important for Broadcasters Network Factors Impacting Quality of Experience (QoE): Throughput or Bandwidth Errors Dropped Packets or Packet Loss Latency Jitter Packet Delivery Out-of-Order TOTAL BANDWIDTH SQL Data Packets Video over IP (VoIP) Data Packets http / SMTP / POP Data Packets Audio over IP (AoIP) Data Packets ICMP Data Packets Scavenger Data Packets Provider Service Levels Preminum Platinum Gold Bronze Silver Best Effort 12
End To End QoS Policy Essential Egres s QoS Ingres s QoS Layer 3 Trust Boundary Ingres s QoS Layer 2 Trust Boundary Egres s QoS Ideal Trust Boundary 13
Cloud Fundamentals 14
Defining Cloud Computing I Know It When I See It! Characteristics: Scalable Pooled Resources Device-Independent Task Oriented OPEX Based 15
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand Network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) 16
Scalable Device- Independent Task Oriented OPEX Based Characteristics Pooled Resources SaaS PaaS IaaS Service Models Public Private Hybird Community Deployment Models 17
Cloud Service Architectures Three Fundamental Platforms: SaaS Software as a Service PaaS Platform as a Service IaaS Infrastructure as a Service 18
Provider Application Used By Consumer End Product Applications Created By Consumer Ready to Use Resources SaaS PaaS QB Online Google Mail MS 365 Amazon EC3 Google AP Engineer MS Azure Computing Resources Provisioned By Consumer Raw Resources IaaS RackSpace Mozy, DropBox 19
The Nested Cloud The Cloud Within a Cloud Approach SaaS SaaS IaaS SaaS 20
SaaS Delivery Model PaaS Delivery Model IaaS Delivery Model 21
Cloud Deployment Architectures Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud 22
The Public Cloud 23
The Private Cloud 24
The Hybrid Cloud 25
The Community Cloud 26
Virtualization & The Data Center Environment 27
Virtualization AP 1 AP 2 AP 1 AP A AP 2 AP B AP A AP B 28
Scaling Scaling Up Adds Capacity (CPU, Memory, Storage) Scaling Out Adds Resources (Dynamic) 29
The Data Center Google North Carolina 30
The SLA Service Level Agreement Service Contract or Performance Contract Specifies Specific Service(s) Provided & Service Target(s) Quantitative Factor (measurable) Based Examples: Voice: Availability, Call Blockage Network: Availability, Latency, Data Rate, Fail-Over Cloud: Availability, Provisioning Time, Restoration Time 31
Typical SLA Provisions: 32
Are You Getting What You Are Paying For? SLA Monitoring Systems Confirm: Provide Real-time Monitoring Dashboard Proactive Alerting Can Automate Repair Performance Reports 33
Data Center Classification Tier Classification Used to Describe Reliability Tier 4 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 1 34
Tier 1 Data Center Redundancy: None Reliability Metric: 99.671% Downtime Allowed: 28.8 Hours/Year Staffing: none 35
Tier 2 Data Center Redundancy: N+1 Fault Tolerance Single Distribution Path Reliability Metric: 99.749% Downtime Allowed: 22 Hours/Year Staffing: 1 shift 36
Tier 3 Data Center Redundancy: N+1 Fault Tolerance Alternate Distribution Path 72 Hour Power Protection Reliability Metric: 99.982% Downtime Allowed: 1.6 Hours/Year Staffing: 1 + shifts 37
Tier 4 Data Center Redundancy: 2N+1 Fault Tolerance Redundant Distribution Path 96 Hour Power Protection Reliability Metric: 99.995% Downtime Allowed: 26.3 Minutes /Year Staffing: 24 x 7 38
Network Providers 39
Network Providers Tier Classification Used to Describe Performance However, No official Rating Body Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 40
Tier 1 3 Network Provider 41
Tier 1 Network Provider Access to Global Internet Routing Table One of More Autonomous System Number(s) Own or Lease International Fiberoptic Transport Scope Spans More Than One Continent 42
Tier 2-3 Network Providers Characterized by Slower Network Access Speeds Farther From Core of the Internet Scope is Usually Regional or Local Based Focused Upon Consumer Access Often Share Common Gateways 43
Recognize The Context of Tier Ratings 44
Takeaways: Cloud Characteristics: Scalable, Device Independent, Task Focused, OPEX Cost Basis 3 Fundamental Cloud Service Models: IaaS, PaaS, & SaaS 4 Cloud Deployment Models: Public, Private. Hybrid, & Community Virtualization is Inherent in the Cloud Resource Elasticity SLA Provides Service Definition Data Center Classifications: Tier 1-4 Network Provider Classifications: Tier 1-3 We Have Barely Scratched the Surface There is More to Learn! 45
Want to Learn More? Don t Change That Channel! Today @ 2pm Cloud 201: Leveling Up With Cloud Technologies for Broadcast with Ron Clifton 46
Closing Thoughts: Be Careful When Using TLA s, FLA s, and Technical Jargon: 27% of Americans Identified a GigaByte as an Insect 23% Thought an MP3 was a Star Wars Robot 18% Thought a Blu-Ray was a Marine Animal
12% Said USB Was an Acronym for an European Country 11% Thought HTML was a Sexually Transmitted Disease And Finally 61% Felt it Was Important to Have a Good Knowledge of Technology! Source: Vouchercloud.net
? Questions? Thank You for Attending! Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, CBNE Texas A&M Information Technology Educational Broadcast Services w-pecena@tamu.edu 979.845.5662 50