Intro to Computers Overview: Hardware Software (two types) Hardware to interact with software (keyboard and mouse) Windows features (window parts, menu) 1
Hardware Hardware is the physical components that you knock on, that you can touch. (Monitor, processor chip, CD-ROM drive set.) 2
Various hardware by category 3
Turn your computer on: Boot up 1 of 2 I. Turn on peripherals II. Press power button on tower. III. Steps: 1. A ROM chip contains a program in it called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and when you turn on the computer it starts. It performs the following (next 2 steps) 2. POST (Power On Self Test) checks memory (RAM), keyboard, and other components 3. Looks on the hard drive for O. S. (ECC computers have Windows 7) and loads it. 4. Checks general settings and customization settings; login --Finally, in some cases, there is login screen (authentication) 4
Turn on computer 2 of 2 Warm boot restart (For example after new program is installed): Click START, Slide to the right to the arrow and a pop-up menu appears Select Restart Cold boot start a computer that has been off. (Press tower button) 5
Turn computer off: Shut Down Click START, Slide to the right Select Shut Down 6
Powered down states conserve energy Sleep (like standby in Windows XP) powers down computer with data in RAM Hiberate - powers down computer with data copy on hard drive Pros/cons to keeping computer on all the time versus off. 7
The PC Tower 8
PC tower 9
Processor (CPU) Photo Courtesy of Intel Corporation The Processor Executes (processes) the program instructions (The processor and RAM work together.) A chip (very small set of circuits on a small board). The brains of the computer. Called the central processing unit (CPU). it controls all of the functions performed by the computer s other components and processes all of the commands 10
RAM (random-access memory) (The processor and RAM work together). RAM is several chips (very small set of circuits) on a module. RAM provides the processor with temporary storage for programs and data. When a program is opened, a copy of its instructions get loaded into RAM to be ready to be executed. RAM is referred to as temporary storage or volatile storage Photo Courtesy of Intel Corporation 11
SDRAM (RAM) and the banks http://www.sweclockers.com/html/recensio n/rec_010629_abit_ka7.php?page=1 12
Hard Drive Like RAM because it stores instructions and data. Yet the difference is that the hard drive is permanent storage and stores on a disk, not chips. It is permanently there until you delete or uninstall it. We install programs, say from a DVD, onto the hard drive. Internal drive inside tower. 13
Hard drive pointed out Hard drive 14
Storage media From top to bottom: External Hard drives USB drive (jumpdrive, thumbdrive, flashdrive) CD, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW, Blu-ray Flash memory card 15
Drive Designator Possibilities A: Floppy drive C: Hard drive D: Zip drive E: CD-ROM drive F :, G:, H: etc Removable drives System Unit Trivia: Why is the hard drive labeled C:? (answer: Because before the hard drive existed floppy drives did and they had the labels A: and B:) Courtesy of Imation Corporation 16
Monitors 17
Software The programs made up of programming code (instructions) that the CPU executes. Example: word processing program is made up of code that includes menus, commands and workspace that allows displaying and editing documents Two categories: System software Application software 18
System Software Includes Operating Systems such as Windows, and Linux 19
System Software In this class we look specifically at the operating system (O.S.) type of system software: Windows 7. System software: Coordinates the software and the hardware so they work together. An operating system (like Windows) provides graphical user interface (GUI) so that we can communicate with the computer easily An operating system (like Windows) contains utilities program small program that maintains the computer (ex: Disk Cleanup) 20
Application Software The rest of the software Programs we use to do our tasks. EXAMPLES: Microsoft Word, Adobe Reader, Adobe InDesign, games, Internet browsers. 21
Hardware to Interact with Software Hardware to Interact with Software includes the keyboard and the mouse. Mouse operations used in the GUI (graphical user interface): Left click = click Right click Slide Double-click Drag 22
Mouse Operations Click (Click the left button) Example: to select a menu item, or an item from it. Right-Click (Click the right button) Example: To get a shortcut menu related to what was rightclicked. Slide (move mouse without click) Example: to move around menus. Double-click (A double-click) Usually executes (boots up) a program. Drag Press and hold a button to drag the mouse cursor across the screen. you drag the mouse to draw, and to resize windows, for example. 23
Windows Parts Title bar Menu bar Toolbar Address bar minimize maximize close Status bar 24
Maximize, minimize, restore Close the window Minimize temporary close on task bar Maximize makes window full screen. Maximize icon changes to a Restore icon:. If clicked it returns window to restored state (smaller) 25
Windows features & menus Menu bar Pull-down Pop-up (right click) Floating Shortcut keys or arrow Tool bar 26
Dialog boxes Tabs Check boxes Radio buttons Command buttosn Drop-down list box Text box Others : list box, color pallette 27