University of Dayton Electrical & Computer Engineering ECE 536 ications Dr. Ralph Barrera Assignment (4) Student Name: Saleh Alshahry Student ID #: 1011787550
8-Bit Processor Application. 1) Matrix LED Display Software When we need to drive 64 individual LEDs you would need 64 individual output pins. Each led connected to a output pin on one side and ground on the other. In fact, Multiplexing uses to reduce the number of pins needed to drive an LED display. You can do this by splitting the 64 led display into 8 rows and 8 columns which lets you drive it using 8 row outputs and 8 column outputs. In fact the 8x8 led matrix block useful because we can build led display whit 8 rows and 8 columns. in this project we are using as PIC16F84x processor type of 8-bit, Johnson Counter, and led display matrix 8x8 LEDs. http://www.best-microcontroller-projects.com/led-dot-matrix-display.html
a) Microprocessor used: PIC16F84 b) Address and data bus width: It has 16 bit address lines and 8 bit data bus. c) Big or Little Endian? The PIC16F84 is Little endian processor. d) Is PIC16F84 RISC or CISC? The PIC16F84 is a RISC processor. e) Registers in the PIC16F84? The pic16f84 CPU also contains a W, INDF, TMR0, PCL, STATUS, FSR, PORTA(4), PORTB(5), EEDATA, EEADR, PCLATH, INTCON, INDF, OPTION_REG, PCL, STATUS, FSR, TRISA, TRISB, EECON1, EECON2, PCLATH, INTCON registers. f) Speed of the clock? The speed of clock PIC12F84 is 20 MHz. g) Memory used? RAM 68 bits and rom 64 bits. h) Is it a good choice of up? Yes I think it was good for that application that time because the 8x8 led matrix block useful because we can build led display whit 8 rows and 8 columns. http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/35007b.pdf
Item Processor Architecture Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Type Description PIC16F84 RISC 8 bit data bus It has 16 bit address lines Little endian processor RISC processor Registers Clock speed Memory The pic16f84 CPU also contains a W, INDF, TMR0, PCL, STATUS, FSR, PORTA(4), PORTB(5), EEDATA, EEADR, PCLATH, INTCON, INDF, OPTION_REG, PCL, STATUS, FSR, TRISA, TRISB, EECON1, EECON2, PCLATH, INTCON registers. 20 MHz RAM 68 bits and rom 64 bits.
2) The Membership Card. The Membership Card is a reproduction of the original Popular Electronics Elf computer, repackaged to fit in a pocket-sized Altoids(R) tin. It uses no custom parts, no surface mount assembly, no need for PCs, no megabyte compilers, or secret software to use it. In this project they use CPU as RCA CDP1802ACE microprocessor, up to 32k bytes of memory, 22 bits of I/O, and the needed clock, reset and power supply circuits, and a supercapacitor to maintain memory contents without power. However, the CUP 1802ACE is a good chose because it has low power and low clock frequency. http://www.sunrise-ev.com/membershipcard.htm a) Microprocessor used? CPU: RCA CDP1802ACE microprocessor b) What address and data bus width? RCA 1802 has 16 bit address lines and 8 bit data lines multiplexed. c) Big or Little endian? RCA 1802 was a little endian up. d) RISC or CISC? It was RISC processors. e) Registers in RCA 1802? Its register groups consist of sixteen 16-bit registers. The program counter (PC) can exist in any of those, providing a simple way to implement multiple PCs, pointers, or registers. Of which eight are general purpose registers and some records.
f) What type of interrupt structure is available and how many interrupts can be used? On-Chip DMA, Interrupt, and Flag Inputs. g) Speed of the clock? It has maximum clock frequency is 3 Mhz. h) Memory used? The RCA 1802 uses a total ROM and RAM memory of up to 65,536 Bytes. i) Is this a good choice of up for this application? Why? Why not? I think this was a good choice because of it has low clock frequency, low power consumption and readily available radiation hardened version for atmosphere outside the earth.
Item Processor Architecture Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Type Registers Clock speed Description RCA CDP1802ACE microprocessor RICS 8 bit data lines multiplexed RCA 1802 has 16 bit address lines little endian RISC processors Its register groups consist of sixteen 16-bit registers. 3 Mhz Memory The RCA 1802 uses a total ROM and RAM memory of up to 65,536 Bytes. http://www.intersil.com/content/dam/intersil/documents/cdp1/cdp1802ac-3.pdf 16 Bit processor Applications: 1) XLP 16-bit Development Board The XLP 16-bit Development Board is designed with extreme Low Power in mind. Designed as a true platform for low power development, it enables designs with sleep currents as low as 20nA. The board is suitable for prototyping many low power applications including RF sensors, data loggers, temperature sensors, electronic door locks, metering sensors, remote controls, security sensors, smart cards, and energy harvesting. The PICtail interface supports Microchip s extensive line of daughter cards for easy evaluation of your next low power application. http://www.microchip.com/developmenttools/productdetails.aspx?partno=dm240311
a) Microprocessor used: PIC24F16 b) Architecture: Modified Harvard Architecture. c) Address and data bus width: It has 24 bit address lines and 16 bit data bus. d) Big or Little Endian? The PIC24F is Little endian processor. e) Is PIC24F RISC or CISC? The PIC24F is a RISC processor. f) Registers in the PIC24F? PIC24F devices have sixteen; 16-bit Working registers in the programmer s model. Each of the Working Registers can act as a data, address or address offset register. g) Speed of the clock? The speed of clock PIC24F start from 8MHz up to 32 MHz h) Memory used? The program memory size is 4KB and the ram size is 512 bytes. i) Is it a good choice of up? Yes I think it was a good choice for the application specified because The board is suitable for prototyping many low power applications including RF sensors, data loggers, temperature sensors, electronic door locks, metering sensors, remote controls, security sensors, smart cards, and energy harvesting j) Number of Interrupts?
Item Processor Architecture Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Type Registers Clock speed Memory Description PIC24F16 Modified Harvard Architecture 16 bit data bus It has 16 bit address Little endian RISC processor PIC24F devices have sixteen start from 8MHz up to 32 MHz The program memory size is 4KB and the ram size is 512 bytes. http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/39927c.pdf
2)Temperature Recorder With ez430-f2013 Measuring Temperature Plugging a modified MSP-EZ430D board, the size of a quarter, into a LiON battery flashes the green LED three times over 40 seconds letting you know the battery is good and the part is working. Then it begins writing the temperature to FLASH. Put the battery and microprocessor in a draft-free container like a pill holder, with the starting time and date. FLASH memory holds 281, run-length encoded records with a byte counter for the 8.02 seconds time intervals. Unlikely, it could be filled in 38 minutes to a maximum of 6.5 days. One office test ran 4 days and still had free FLASH remaining. Reporting Time-Temperature Using a spreadsheet, load the comma separated values from the Terminal I/O log file. Every pair of lines has an interval counter and the same temperature. The time counter is how many 8.02 second timer intervals for that temperature. For example: 1. 0,776 2. 10,776 3. 10,768 4. 15,768 http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/temperature_recorder_with_ez430-f2013#project_user.27s_guide
a) Up used: The Texas Instruments MSP430 b) Architecture: c) Address and data bus width: It has 16 bit address bus and 16 bit data bus. d) Big or Little Endian? MSP430 uses Little Endian ordering format. e) Is MSP430 RISC or CISC? MSP430 is RISC CPU f) Registers in the MSP430? The MSP430 has Sixteen registers are located inside the CPU, providing reduced instruction execution time. This reduces a register-register operation execution time to one cycle of the processor frequency. Four of the registers are reserved for special use as a program counter, a stack pointer, a status register and a constant generator. The remaining registers are available as general purpose registers. g) Speed of the clock? Single Common 32 khz Crystal, Internal System Clock up to 3.8 MHz h) Memory used? MSP430 16-bit Ultra-Low-Power Microcontroller has 2kB Flash and 256B RAM. i) Is it a good choice of up? I think it was useful for the application of because Office temperature is often a source of contention. After a complaint is made, it may take hours for someone to show up and by then, the temperature has changed. But traditional temperature recorders are expensive and rare. The Texas Instruments (TI) MSP430F2013 in the ez430-f2013 development kit can work as a low cost ($20) temperature recorder. http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/slas967a/slas967a.pdf Item Processor Architecture Description The Texas Instruments MSP430 MIPS
Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Registers Clock speed It has 16 bit data bus It has 16 bit address bus MSP430 uses Little Endian ordering format. The MSP430 has Sixteen registers The speed Clock up to 3.8 MHz Memory MSP430 16-bit Ultra-Low-Power Microcontroller has 2kB Flash and 256B RAM. 32-bit ARM Processor Application: Smart Meter: The spiraling costs of residential and enterprise energy requirements are forcing public utility companies across the world to be more efficient in the way they manage power. Utility companies are starting to deploy electronic metering systems that capture and transmit usage information with the long-term goal to empower and educate users as to the real-time cost and impact of using an appliance at a particular moment in time.
Optimized ARM Smart Meter Block Diagram: http://arm.com/markets/embedded/smart-meter.php Item Processor Architecture Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Description Cortex-M3 Processor ARM 32 Bits 32 Bits 1 = big endian, 0 = little endian. ENDIANESS is sampled from the BIGEND input port during reset. You
Type Registers Clock speed Memory Protection Number of Interrupts cannot change ENDIANESS outside of reset RICS The processor has the following 32-bit registers: 13 general-purpose registers, r0-r12 stack point alias of banked registers, SP_process and SP_main link register, r14 program counter, r15 one program status register, xpsr. 1.25 DMIPS/MHz Optional 8 region MPU with sub regions and background region 1 to 240 physical interrupts, plus NMI I think it was useful for the application of because The ARM Cortex -M3 processor is the industry-leading 32-bit processor for highly deterministic real-time applications, specifically developed to enable partners to develop highperformance low-cost platforms for a broad range of devices including microcontrollers, automotive body systems, industrial control systems and wireless networking and sensors. The processor delivers outstanding computational performance and exceptional system response to events while meeting the challenges of low dynamic and static power constraints. The processor is highly configurable enabling a wide range of implementations from those requiring memory protection and powerful trace technology to cost sensitive devices requiring minimal area. http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0337e/ddi0337e_cortex_m3_r1p1_trm.pdf
64-bit Processor Application: Sony VAIO Fit 15E Laptop: The powerful and full featured VAIO Fit E 15 laptop includes a Full HD touchscreen display, Clear Audio+ technology with a subwoofer and HD web camera. Featuring the 3rd generation Intel Core i7 processor, 1920x 1080 screen resolution and 8GB of RAM. 4 Sony s exclusive Sony Imagination Studio VAIO Edition comprised of Movie Studio Platinum, ACID Music Studio, Sound Forge Audio Studio and DVD Architect Studio software, allows you to create something worth sharing. http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/cat-vaio/cat-vaiotouch/product-svf15218cxb/ Item Processor Description The processor used in this application in the Intel core-i7 processor. Architecture Data Bus Width Address Bus Width Endian Type Registers The core-i7 has 64 bit data bus. 64 bit address bus. It is little endian. It has RISC architecture. Intel Core i7 processor has complex register structure. It has PCI standard registers, system address decoder(sad) registers, Intel QPI registers, integrated memory controller control registers, target address decoder registers, integrated
Clock speed memory controller channel control registers. Intel Core i7 has clock rate between 1.6 GHz to 3.40 GHz Memory Intel Core i7 has 256 KB L2 cache and 8 MB L3 cache and upto 4GB RAM. I think it was useful for the application of Sony VAIO or any laptop computers because it makes for better speeds and performance of the laptop with its multi-processing and performs actions on its 4 different cores at the same time. http://download.intel.com/design/processor/datashts/322164.pdf