Tektronix LTE Test Solution Next Technology Wave for Mobile Networks Source: www.pixelio.de March 2009
Agenda LTE Overview Tektronix LTE test solution overview NSA LTE Monitoring test solution K1297-G35 LTE Functional and Load test Solution 2
LTE Overview Evolved UTRAN No RNC anymore More intelligence in the Evolved Node-B Uu MME: Mobility Management Entity (Control-Plane Function) Serving Gateway (User-Plane Function) S6a HSS/HLR S12 RNC S4 SGSN IMS Core IMS Core 3
LTE Next Generation, Improved Possibilities Evolved radio interface leads to high bandwidth efficiency: Smart, multi-antenna techniques leads to higher data rates (MIMO) Improved error correction in poor signal conditions with HARQ Flexible spectrum usage different bands, varying band sizes Optimized packet switched services Shared OFDMA channel improves quality and data rates End to end IP for both real-time (Voice, Video) and non-real time traffic Active (Cell_DCH) Less than 50msec Dormant (Cell_PCH) Less than 100msec Simplified network topology Flat, all IP architecture reduces hardware requirements and costs for operators RNC disappeared, enodeb is a self-governing entity Less complex topology leads to lower latency for the end user Camped-state (idle) 4
LTE Next Generation, New Challenges High speed, high capacity air interface Single UE can support 150 Mbit/s in DL and up to 50 Mbit/s in UL Single cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s Removal of RNC control function RRM-related protocols and measurement reports no longer available on a wireline interface to determine air interface procedures and performance Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears Air interface is more robust but also more complex How can the functionality and information be tested and accessed? How many UEs can be supported? 150 Mbit/s e-node B CPRI/ OBSAI/ Debug port X2 e-node B S1 S1 S1 S1 MME SAE-GW MME SAE-GW Evolved Packet Core 5
Tektronix A Solid Partner for the LTE Lifecycle Verify Equipment Design and Integrate into Network Network Element Test Systems Integration Test Interoperability Test Field Trial Installation & Commission Operate, Monitor, Manage, Optimize Acceptance Test Network Maintenance & Restoration Network Optimization Service Performance & Quality Management Resource Provisioning & Allocation Tektronix maintains >35% share of OSS and non-oss markets G35 for Functional & Load Market leader for functional and system verification, IOP and load testing NSA for I&V, IOT, Trials, Live Networks and Optimization Market leader for deep-dive troubleshooting and optimization applications Geoprobe for 24/7 Network Management and Performance Market leader for service monitoring and management 0% churn of Tektronix customers in lab and operator environments 6
Tektronix Communications Markets and Products Tektronix Communications Markets Served Network Diagnostics Network Optimization Network Management Functional & Load Test Wireless Field Test Portable Monitoring Stationary/Passive Monitoring Communications Business Sectors Focus on High Growth Areas Wireless Broadband Fixed Mobile Convergence Triple Play PSTN 2.5G, EDGE 3G, UMTS, UTRAN, TD-SCDMA 3G+, WiMax, LTE/UWB, UMA Wireless anytime, anywhere IMS Market Drivers Voice over IP Video over IP IP-ization Data over IP Legacy GSM & SS7 NSA = Network & Service Analysis of the Complete Pallet of Mobile Network Technologies 7
NSA LTE Monitoring Test Solution 8
Committed to LTE/SAE, and a proud member of the enodeb X2 S7 PCRF Rx+ UE Uu enodeb S1-U Serving Gateway PDN Gateway SGi IMS, PSS GERAN S1-MME MME S11 UTRAN S3 SGSN S6a S4 HSS Considered as a highly competent, reliable technology partner, Tektronix consistently wins LTE technical evaluations Only T&M that has the right strategy both for LTE labs, and for LTE live network environments Deservedly reputable for protocol development Excellent feature set for field analysis Best tool available on the market Considered as LTE T&M thought leaders, Tektronix is invited by leading operators to: Develop MNO LTE RFP specs Participate in trial environments Partner on devising cost-effective 24/7 LTE monitoring strategies 9
Challenges of LTE /SAE LTE Challenges Volume of data to monitor High speed, high capacity air interface Single UE can support 100 Mbit/s Single Cell can support data rates of up to 330 Mbit/s 10 Gbit/s wireline interfaces as standard Removal of RNC control function Measurement reports no longer available on a wireline interface to determine air interface performance Traditional monitoring point for air functionality disappears Accessing key air interface information with current toolset difficult 10
Importance of air interface testing For Vendors Provides deep dive insight of enodeb functionality Does lower layer functionality perform as expected? Do all layers of the stack function as required? How do lower layer issues impact upper layer services? For Operators Allows the operators to evaluate enodeb performance Handset performance Radio network performance User service experience 11
Desired insight into the air interface Advanced user plane load balancing analysis Admission control efficiency analysis How can the RAN optimally function? Inter-RAT resource management analysis Basic control plane load balancing analysis Scheduling analysis Dynamic resource allocation analysis How well is the RAN functioning? Advanced connectivity analysis Admission quality control analysis Advanced radio bearer control analysis Basic connectivity control analysis Basic admission control analysis Is the RAN functioning? 12 Basic radio bearer control analysis
Accessing the air interface with the K2Air probe Tektronix NSA/Optimon NAS UP-PDUs LTE Ue Uu NAS UP RRC PDCP PDCP RLC RLC S1-AP GTP-U SCTP UDP IP X2-AP GTP-U SCTP Data UDP Link Data Link IP Data Link Monitoring point Tektronix K18 /K20 for fixed interface data collection Uu MAC MAC CPRI/ Uu UL & DL e-nodeb S1 MME SAE-GW S* External IP-Network Tektronix K2Air Probe e-nodeb X2 13
K2Air Probe - Basic functionalities MAC MAC CPRI e-nodeb MME SAE-GW Tektronix NSA/Optimon Uu UL & DL Interfaces: 1* I&Q digital, optical and electrical 2 x 1GBit Ethernet Interface USB Interface External 38,4 MHz reference clock input Mechanical: Stand alone device 19, 1 HU housing Power consumption max. 100W Interface and Control Logic: CPRI interface Clock and Frame recovery Global System Control unit Uplink/Downlink Receiver: Time- and frequency- synchronisation Real-time OFDMA / SC FDMA processing Channel estimation, Channel Correction Common phase error correction Deframing,demultiplexing,demodulation,descrambling, rate matching and deinterleaving HARQ (soft combining), FEC decoder, Channel mapping Transport channel interface (to MAC layer) MIMO Support 2 x 2 MIMO reception 4 x 4 MIMO reception ( optional ) FDD and TDD Real-Time, Promiscuous Mode, UL/DL Monitoring of up to 300 Users 14
Uu Probe - Physical Layer Measurements MAC MAC Tektronix LTE Uu Probe Tektronix NSA/Optimon RRC UP PDU PDCP RLC MAC CPRI Uu UL & DL e-nodeb Physical Layer Measurements RF parameter measurement ( Rx power, RX bandwidth) Measurement of clock & timing offsets Frequency offset measurement External reference input for connection of high-accurate Rubidium-Frequency- Generator Time & frequency domain signal capturing and analysis Constellation diagram analysis per resource block / OFDM symbol / subcarrier Measurement of channel transfer function Real time reception of all LTE compliant Physical layer modes and modulation formats Decoding and analysis of LTE UL & DL channels HARQ measurements BER measurements and CRC Channel quality information (CQI) Measurements 15
Uu Probe/ MAC Layer Measurements Tektronix NSA/Optimon RRC UP PDU PDCP RLC MAC MAC Layer Measurements Basic MAC layer functionality: Mapping transport channels to MAC PDU and vice versa Extended MAC layer functionality: Control and scheduling of up to 8 CID and up to 8 HARQ processes per UE (TDD up to 16) Measurement and analysis of logical channels and transport channels Measurement and analysis of scheduler information MAC MAC CPRI Uu UL & DL e-nodeb HARQ measurements Radio Resource Allocation Measurement Measurement of QoS priority handling Tektronix LTE Uu Probe 16
RF Spectrum Analysis in a Protocol Analyzer Supporting RF Connectivity Analysis Input power and received bandwidth Clock and Timing Offset Frequency Offset Resource Usage Analysis Time and Frequency Domain Signaling and resource block/ofdm symbol/sub-carrier usage Channel Quality and Error Control Analysis CQI, HARQ, BER and CRC measurements 17
LTE RAN Monitoring Functionality comparison Advanced user plane load balancing analysis Admission control efficiency analysis Inter-RAT resource management analysis Depth of insight Basic control plane load balancing analysis Scheduling analysis Dynamic resource allocation analysis Advanced connectivity analysis Admission quality control analysis K2Air Probe Advanced radio bearer control analysis 18 Basic connectivity control analysis Basic admission control analysis Basic radio bearer control analysis Fixed line monitoring
LTE Wireline Interface Probes LTE Probes K2x GbE probe for high load environments High Density up to 12 Rx 100/1000 ports High Capacity up to 7.5 Gbit/s input, 2.5Gbit/s output High flexibility Multiple HW filters, working at line rate K18 GbE probe for lower load environments 4 Rx 100/1000 Mbit/s ports per probe Multiple HW filters, working at line rate Optimal scalability: single probe to seamless multi-probe installations Optimal capacity: solutions for higher and lower load environments 19
NSA LTE Call Trace and Session Statistics Bottom up approach to troubleshooting: Distribution of every protocol message Graphical and numerical views of statistical data Graphical display of events by time Direct access to message details Drill up from single messages to entire call flow Top down approach to troubleshooting: Every transaction identified and classified Correlation of all messages in each transaction Easy filtering of events by e.g. IMSI/IMEI Powerful filtering options to minimize data Direct access to message details Drill down to bits and bytes of every message 360 network performance view with seamless wireless & wireline interface correlation Uu, S* and X2 support available 20
Message Statistics all parameters, all interfaces Statistical and call based KPI analysis Broad scan allows quick identification of existing/developing issues Stability issues easily identified via distribution over time displays Multi interface KPI aggregation and analysis 21
NSA LTE Service Layer Analysis at the Air Interface Identifiying end user issues Visualization of throughput on each layer Correlation of activities e.g. handover Switch on/off parameters as required 22 Graphical analysis of RF quality Radio Chart analysis: Cell-, User- and Call-based KPI User plane analysis on Uu interface
NSA Monitoring Test Summary Tektronix provides operators and vendors with an LTE solution that: Provides deep dive air interface analysis with the K2Air Probe Ensures a 360 view of network performance with seamless wireless and wireline interface correlation Extends its market leading inter-operability features to LTE Meets and exceeds the load requirements of LTE Prevents critical insight into IP services QoS 23
K1297-G35 Functional and Load Test Solution 24
G35 LTE/EPC Product Portfolio eutran Test Core Elements Test Interworking Test Simulation: multiple LTE UE s on Uu multiple MME s on S1 multiple S-GW on S1 multiple enb s on X2 Uu-Probe Support Signalion SORBAS Aerfoflex TM500 Protocol Analysis and Statistics Uu fully S1 fully X2 fully Simulation: multiple enb s on S1 multiple MME s on S11 & S10 multiple S-GW on S11, S5, S8 multiple enb s on X2 HSS, EIR Support HSS on S6a EIR on S13 Protocol Analysis and Statistics S1-MME, S10, S11 fully S1-U, S5, S8 fully S6a, S13 fully Interworking: LTE & CDMA2000 LTE & 2.5G/3G LTE & WiMAX LTE & IMS Mobility LTE CDMA2000 LTE 2.5G/3G LTE WiMAX 25
eutran Testing 26
Multi Air-IF Probe Support G35 Simulates protocol layers above (and including) PDCP Decodes down to RLC/MAC layer Provides statistics for all protocol layers, including! Uu probe takes care of RLC/MAC/ layer simulation G35 RF-Test combined with Uu- Probe, multi vendor support Aeroflex TM500 Signalion all SORBAS 21x Typical timeframe to support additional Uu-Probes: around 4-6 weeks per probe 27
Accessing the Air Interface Four possible strategies: LTE Air Interfaces CPRI (digital) OBSAI (digital) Ethernet Port (digital) RF Antenna (analog) RRH w/ RF receiver and high speed ADC providing IQ-sample stream Generally standardized Full data availability OBSAI provides API between RRH and core enodeb entity Standardized but special vendor implementations exist Full data availability Port can provide basic level statistics on e.g. admission control, radio bearer control Vendors/3GPP standards must be influenced by operator and initiative groups Subset data availability Probes hook on RF coax cables Issue: System sensitivity changes can influence measurements Test UE can be used Full data availability 28
Tektronix G35 meets eutran Challenges Uu feature set Full Simulation capabilities for PDCP, RRC, NAS and User Plane Protocol Stack including handover Protocol Analysis down to the bit for all Protocol Layers including RLC/MAC Sophisticated measurement and statistics analysis and presentation for, RLC/MAC, Layer3 and User Plane data Radio bypass on G35 to support RLC/MAC-independent testing (e.g. RRM etc.) 29
Tektronix G35 meets eutran Challenges S1 / X2 Feature Set G35 provides full test support on S1- and X2-Interface Bracket- and E2E-tests around e-nodeb including inter-rat handover support X2/S1 transport layer performance and QoS test Other Feature Sets User Plane: Full VoIP and IMS support on G35 QoS testing (RTP delay, jitter, packet loss generation) PN9/PN15 Polynomial generation, BER analysis Gateway function to connect external IP-applications, networks and data sources to the LTE-test setup 30
Example: e-nb Bracket Test on S1 and Uu UE-Side G35 - eutran Tester Uu e-nodeb S1 MME SAE-GW Side Combined Control and User Plane Testing MME SAE-GW UMTS, WiMAX, IMS, etc. L3++ RF-Bypass NAS RRC UP-PDUs PDCP RF-bypass RLC MAC <IP UDP > RRC PDCP RF-bypass RLC MAC S1-AP GTP-U SCTP IP UDP Data Link NAS S1-AP SCTP Data Link IP UP-PDUs GTP-U UDP Data Link UE Emulation e-nodeb functions/protocols MME/SAE-GW Simulation New Implementation in G35 for LTE G35 legacy support 31
Further eutran Use Cases e-nodeb Bracket Test on X2 and S1 S1 Simulator 32
EPC Testing 33
EPC Testing Overview Key Network Elements MME: Mobility Management Entity Handles security transactions Handles intra-rat (idle mode support) and inter-rat mobility E.g. Handover with CDMA2000 networks S-GW: Serving Gateway Handles User-Plane transport Traffic scheduling / priorititization PDN-GW: User-plane interfaces mostly with other non-3gpp networks Key 3GPP requirements placed on Evolved Packet Core: Use All-IP for end-to-end control-plane transactions Interwork with existing 2.5G/3G core network elmts E.g. SGSN, HSS/HLR Interwork with other mobile technologies E.g. CDMA2000 networks, WiMAX, WLAN, etc... 34
Example: eutran Simulator on S1 S1 Uu X2 Uu S1 S3 Combined Control and User Plane Testing G35 simulates New Implementation in G35 for LTE G35 legacy support 35
Example: MME Bracket Test on S1, S6a, S13 and S101 1/3 e-utran-side HSS EIR Diameter Applications CDMA2000-Side G35 - EPC Tester S1 S6a S13 S101 Real MME HRPD AN Mobility Auth/Security Interworking NAS S1-AP SCTP IP UP-PDUs GTP-U UDP NAS S1-AP SCTP IP GTP-C UDP IP S101-AP UDP IP S101-AP UDP IP UP-PDUs IP/UDP GRE IP Data Link Data Link DL DL DL Data Link Data Link Control Plane Testing S11 MME Emulation G35 legacy support New Implementation in G35 for LTE 36 S-GW Emulation S103
Summary: G35 All-In-One LTE Solution First real LTE Functional & Load Test Platform for all e-nodeb interfaces Complete GUI-based Test Platform Multi-UE Simulator Multi e-nodeb Simulator Sophisticated Functional Test Capability, free programmable High Capacity & Load LTE/EPC Network Element Simulator Scalable Functional Load/Capacity Test capabilities Compliance and IOP Test: TTCN-3 Support, Scripting Support External Test Management and Test Automation Integration over CORBA (Python, Java, C, C++ Examples included) Down to the Bit Scalable Monitoring Detailed Decoding for all Interfaces Powerful, customizable statistics&analysis for, MAC, RLC and all other Layers Distributed, multi-interface data aquisition 37
Summary: G35 All-In-One LTE Solution Multi Uu-Probe Support Aeroflex Signalion Radio Bypass Multi Technology Support in a box LTE 2.5G/3G WiMAX FemtoCell Support IMS, Voice/Video over IP All-In-ONE Solution Functional Test & Load Test Protocol Analysis All mobile technologies incl. TD-SCDMA 38
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