Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide. TIP Pro TEM Pro

Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide TIP Pro TEM Pro Version 2.0 July 2010

PHOENIX GEOPHYSICS Controlled Source Data Processing User Guide TIP Pro TEM Pro Version 2.0 July 2010

Printed in Canada on water resistant Xerox Polyester Paper. This User Guide was created in Adobe FrameMaker 7.0. Writing and Production: Stuart Rogers. Copyright 2010 Phoenix Geophysics Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this Guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Address requests for permission to: Phoenix Geophysics Limited, 3781 Victoria Park Avenue, Unit 3, Toronto, ON Canada M1W 3K5, or mail@phoenix-geophysics.com. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. V8 Multi-Function Receiver, V5 System 2000, System2000.net, SSMT2000 and the Phoenix logo are trademarks of Phoenix Geophysics Limited. All other trademarks referred to in this document are the properties of their respective owners.

Contents Chapter 1: Introduction........................... 1 About System 2000.net................ 2 System applications.......................... 3 Data storage and processing.................... 3 Time series............................... 4 Stacked waveforms and stack results............... 4 Post processing............................. 4 How to get further information and support............................... 5 Chapter 2: Time Domain IP: TIP Pro................. 7 i About TIP Pro........................... 8 Starting TIP Pro............................. 8 Menu commands............................ 8 File menu................................ 9 Edit menu................................ 9 View menu............................... 9 Utilities menu.............................. 9 Help menu................................ 9 Toolbar buttons............................. 9 Toolbar lists............................... 10 File types and formats....................... 10 Input files................................11 Output files...............................11 Processing data with TIP Pro........... 12 Organizing your files........................ 12 Identifying instrument type.....................13 Adding data.............................. 13 Checking and editing calculation parameters........ 15 i

ii Expanding truncated column headings............. 17 Editing site information....................... 17 Editing sampling window settings................. 18 Rejecting outlying data points................... 20 Setting a minimum allowable current.............. 21 Excluding or including sites or channels............. 21 DC offset and drift correction................... 22 Viewing data and results graphically.... 23 Selecting the type of data to view............... 23 Changing the scale and labels.................. 24 Changing the chargeability plot.................. 24 Changing the stacked waveforms plot.............. 26 Changing the all channels waveform plot............ 26 Changing the label format..................... 27 ii Saving and exporting your work........ 28 Saving the database in TIP Pro format............ 28 Reducing.tip file size........................ 28 Exporting to other formats.................... 29 Waveform stacks............................29 Averaged waveform stacks.....................30 Pseudosection files..........................31 Universal sounding format......................32 Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files........................... 33 Chapter 3: Time Domain EM: TEM Pro.............. 35 About TEM Pro......................... 36 Starting TEM Pro........................... 36 Menu commands........................... 36 File menu............................... 37 Edit menu............................... 37 View menu.............................. 37 Utilities menu............................. 37 Help menu............................... 37 Toolbar buttons............................ 37 Toolbar lists............................... 38 File types and formats....................... 38 Input files................................39 Output files...............................39 Processing data with TEM Pro.......... 40 Organizing your files........................ 40 Identifying instrument type.....................41 Adding data.............................. 42 Checking and editing calculation parameters........ 43 Expanding truncated column headings..............45

Editing site information....................... 45 Editing sampling window settings................. 46 Rejecting outlying data points................... 46 Setting a minimum allowable current.............. 47 Excluding or including sites or channels............. 47 Viewing data and results graphically.... 48 Viewing time series data...................... 48 Selecting the type of data to view............... 48 Changing the scale and labels.................. 49 Changing the window decay plot and apparent resistivity plot........................... 50 Changing the label format..................... 50 Selecting the repeated frequencies to view (MulTEM).. 51 Saving and exporting your work........ 52 Saving the database in TEM Pro format........... 53 Exporting to other formats.................... 53 Waveform stacks............................53 Averaged waveform stacks.....................54 Cross section files...........................54 Universal sounding format......................56 Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files........................... 57 Index....................................................... 59 iii iii

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Chapter This chapter provides general information on Phoenix Geophysics and the System 2000.net family of instruments, including: Phoenix V8 Multifunction Receiver Phoenix RXU-3E Controlled Source Receiver Phoenix RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor Geophysical applications Data processing Support Introduction 1 Chapter 1 1

2 Controlled Source Data Processing About System 2000.net 2 About System 2000.net System 2000.net is a family of geophysical instruments comprising the V8 Multifunction Receiver, the RXU-3E Receiver, and the RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor. Additional components include the CMU-1 Current Sensor, the MTC-50 and AMTC-30 magnetic sensors, and the V8-EX expansion unit and battery pack. System 2000.net is the eighth generation of receiver technology developed by Phoenix since 1975. Each of the instruments is available in various configurations and can optionally be equipped for wireless communication in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. The V8 Multifunction Receiver is the heart of the system. It can acquire up to eight channels of data itself, and can incorporate and display data from multiple RXU-3E two- or three-channel receivers and an RXU-TM transmitter monitor as well. The V8 can also remotely control the RXU instruments. The RXU-3E receivers use the same acquisition and communication hardware and software as the V8, but do not have a display screen. They can be controlled and monitored using a handheld Palm OS device. The system builds upon many of the most attractive features of the highly successful Phoenix V5, V6A, and V5 System 2000, including light weight and permanent synchronization via Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The full-size ASCII keyboard and full-size, full-colour, sunlight-readable display of the V8 give the operator hands-on control of the entire data acquisition process for all the most common IP and EM geophysical techniques. When equipped with a V8-EX expansion unit, the V8 can acquire a total of eight channels simultaneously up to seven electric channels and/or three magnetic channels. The RXU-3E receivers can acquire two or three electric channels. System 2000.net instruments are synchronized to UTC ±0.2 s, and are optimized to operate with transmitters similarly synchronized. The GPS synchronization and

optional radio communication mean that no cable links are required between the receivers and the transmitter. The receivers use the same circuit-board stack as the world-leading V5 System 2000 MTU and MTU-A receivers. System 2000.net instruments produce the same time series format for these techniques too, so both systems can be used together in the same MT or AMT survey. System applications Geophysicists use System 2000.net for many industrial and scientific applications. EM techniques are valuable in exploration for: Oil and gas Diamonds (kimberlites) Base and precious metals (as deep as 2000m) Groundwater Geothermal reservoirs Industrial minerals...and for monitoring, engineering, and pure research applications. The following EM techniques are available or planned: Induced Polarization (IP) Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) Magnetotellurics (MT, AMT) All common Time and Frequency Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM, FDEM) Resistivity The system will also be able to record or monitor time series data from any suitable sensor, including geophones. Data storage and processing System 2000.net instruments are equipped with removable CompactFlash cards (CF cards) as the data storage medium. 3 Chapter 1 Introduction About System 2000.net 3

4 Controlled Source Data Processing About System 2000.net 4 If radio communication is established, the V8 can process and include the data from RXU-3E instruments (including a remote noise reference station) and an RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor. If radio communication is absent or unreliable, the V8 displays only its own results; however, all the instruments save their own data for post-processing, regardless of the radio state. Time series. In MT and AMT surveys, the entire time series from each channel is stored on the CF card for later transfer to a PC. Processing takes place on the PC using the SSMT2000 program. Stacked waveforms and stack results. In types of surveys other than MT and AMT, processing occurs in real time and the V8 displays the results in graphical and/or numeric form. The instruments acquire a stacked waveform approximately every 10s (or at least one signal period). From this, the instruments calculate an estimate of several geophysical parameters (e.g., amplitude, phase, resistivity, chargeability). The individual estimates are called stack results. Stack results are saved on the CF card; stacked waveforms can also be saved if desired. (At frequencies <0.1Hz, this amounts to saving the time series.) When a new stacked waveform is processed, the V8 reprocesses all the accumulated stack results from the same station. The result is an overall estimate of the geophysical parameter and an estimate of its accuracy. If more than four stacked waveforms are available, the V8 uses a robust calculation technique so that a small number of gross errors has a small effect on the statistics. If transmitter monitor data (from an RXU-TM) is not available, the V8 uses assumed values for current and phase. If transmitter monitor data is available (even delayed by up to five minutes), it is incorporated into the calculations. Post processing. For post processing on a PC, several programs are available or in development: CMT Pro, for CSAMT data SIP Pro, for SIP data TEM Pro, for TDEM data TIP Pro, for TDIP data

This User Guide will contain a chapter covering each of the programs as they become available. How to get further information and support Contact us at: Phoenix Geophysics Ltd. 3781 Victoria Park Avenue Unit 3 Toronto, ON, Canada M1W 3K5 Telephone: +1 (416) 491-7340 Fax: +1 (416) 491-7378 e-mail: mail@phoenix-geophysics.com Web site: www.phoenix-geophysics.com Customers are encouraged to register for a log-in ID and password on our Web site. After registering, you can use the Contact Us link in your private area of the site to request technical support or report problems. 5 Chapter 1 Introduction How to get further information and support 5

6 Controlled Source Data Processing How to get further information and support 6

Chapter This chapter explains the use of the TIP Pro program to process data acquired with the Time Domain Induced Polarization method. Time Domain IP: TIP Pro 7 Chapter 2 7

8 Controlled Source Data Processing About TIP Pro 8 About TIP Pro Starting TIP Pro TIP Pro is a Windows-based program that displays and processes TDIP data acquired by System 2000.net instruments. With TIP Pro, you can view in graphical form the time series data, stacked waveforms, and chargeability calculated by the program. You can save your work in native TIP Pro format (.tip) as well as export it in Universal Sounding Format (.usf). You can also export pseudosection (.dat) files containing apparent resistivity and Newmont Chargeability calculations. TIP Pro also includes utility features for checking and editing setup information, and for exporting various data files in text-only format. For convenience and simplicity, the design of the TIP Pro interface is very similar to that of other Phoenix controlled-source data processing programs such as SIP Pro and CMT Pro. If you are familiar with any of these programs, you will find the others easy to learn. Start TIP Pro as you would any Windows-based program: either double-click a desktop shortcut, or launch the program from the Start menu. The program main window appears with an untitled database. (See Fig. 2-1 on page 9.) Menu commands Commands in TIP Pro are available on five menus: File Edit View Utilities Help This section explains the use of the five menus. The most commonly used menu items are also available as buttons on the Toolbar, explained later in this chapter.

site co-ordinates, array type, sampling window settings, and so on. View menu. Use the commands on the View menu to change the graphical display by choosing log or linear scales, maximum and minimum values, axis label style, and so on. You can also use this menu to show or hide the toolbar and the status bar. Utilities menu. Use the commands on the Utilities menu to convert binary-format Table (.tbl) and Stack Result (.trs) files to human-readable text files. Help menu. Use the About command on the Help menu to learn the version number of the program and to find contact information for Phoenix Technical Support. Fig. 2-1: TIP Pro main window at startup. File menu. Use the commands on the File menu to add data to the database, save the database, export data to other formats, and re-open recently used files. Edit menu. Use the commands on the Edit menu to check and edit site and calculation parameters such as Toolbar buttons Below the menu bar is the toolbar, which contains a series of buttons for the most commonly used commands. 9 Chapter 2 TIP Pro About TIP Pro 9

10 Controlled Source Data Processing About TIP Pro 10 Button Command Open existing database (.tip) file. Save database (.tip) file. Add TDIP data files and/or time series files to database. Edit and check parameters. the type of Data (raw time series, stacked waveforms, or calculated chargeability) the Site the Channel The lists appear to the right of the right-most button on the toolbar. (See Fig. 2-2.) The content of the Site and Channel lists vary according to your site names and number of channels recorded. Edit plot parameters. Fig. 2-2: The Data, Site, and Channel lists on the toolbar. (Reserved for future use.) Show previous time series segment. Show next time series segment. Toolbar lists The toolbar also contains three lists from which you can choose to display: File types and formats System 2000.net instruments may produce a number of files in the course of recording data. The number and type of files depends on the instrument settings and the number of times recording is paused in Standby mode. TIP Pro can produce several output file types also, depending on whether you save, export, or convert data or results.

Input files. The file types used by TIP Pro are listed below. File names begin with the four-digit instrument serial number, followed by a code indicating the date and the order of repeated soundings. Table (.tbl) files. A table file containing all the instrument parameters is created each time the instrument mode is changed from Record to Standby or Setup mode. (Table files named Startup or named using only the instrument serial number contain similar information, but are not used in data processing.) Time Series (.tss) files. These files contain the raw data acquired during each period of Record mode. The instrument must have Waveform file log enabled in order to save time series files. If you import time series files into TIP Pro, you will be able to experiment with sampling window parameters different from those that were used during acquisition. Stack Result (.trs) files. These files contain the stacked waveforms as calculated by the instrument during recording. The instrument must have Stack result file log enabled in order to save stack result files. The content of stack result files is dependent on the sampling window settings that were in effect during acquisition. Output files. The file types that may be created by TIP Pro are: TIP Pro database (.tip) files. These files contain the entire database, program settings, and calculated results as they exist when you choose Save or Save As from the File menu. Stack (.stk) files. These files, created by the Dump Stack File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels in the database. Average (.avg) files. These files, created by the Output AVG File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing calculated chargeability with standard deviation for each time window in the samples of each channel. Pseudosection (.dat) files. These files, created by the Output Pseudosection File command on the File menu, contain calculated pseudosection data 11 Chapter 2 TIP Pro About TIP Pro 11

12 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 12 such as apparent resistivity, Newmont chargeability, and chargeability for each sampling window. Universal Sounding Format (.usf) files. These files, created by the Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF) command on the File menu, are plain text files for interchange with other processing software. Comma-separated Values (.csv) files. These files are created by the Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu. They can be opened by any spreadsheet or text-processing program, and contain the measured field in volts. These files are used for program debugging and troubleshooting. Text (.txt) files. These files are created by the Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu, and can be opened with any text-processing program. These files contain the complete list of parameter codes and values, and are used for troubleshooting. Note, however, that Phoenix Technical Support usually requests a copy of the.tbl file itself, not the ASCII conversion. Processing data with TIP Pro This section describes how to organize your files to make it easy to import data into the TIP Pro database for processing editing, display, and export. Organizing your files As described earlier, TIP Pro accepts three types of input files: table (.tbl) files, time series (.tss) files, and stack result (.trs) files. Table files must be available, because they contain important information concerning the instrument state during acquisition. Stack result files must be available, because they are used by the program to identify the table files and optionally the time series files to import. Time series files are optional, but required if you want to recalculate results based on different sampling window parameters. In order to be able to import these files into TIP Pro, organize your files so that the stack result and time series files (if they exist) are in the same folder as the associated table files.

Identifying instrument type. TIP Pro must be able to match the data files with the type of instrument (V8, RXU, or RXU-TM) that recorded them. For this reason, you may find it helpful to group your files in subfolders according to instrument type. If you have used many different instruments in the survey, there will be many files identified by their serial number prefix. If you do not have a list of instrument types and associated serial numbers, follow this procedure to make such a list: To identify instrument type: 1. Open the folder containing your data files. 2. If the files are not listed with full details, select Details from the View menu. 3. Sort the files by clicking the Type column heading. 4. Double-click each.tbl file in turn to open it in TblEditor. 5. From the Help menu of TblEditor, click About TblEdit and then read the Hardware Configuration to identify the instrument type. (See Fig. 2-3.) Fig. 2-3: The instrument type appears in the Hardware Configuration box. 6. Close TblEditor. Adding data Before adding data to the TIP Pro database, ensure that your files and folders are properly organized as described earlier. Any number of data files can be added to the database. 13 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 13

14 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 14 To add data to the database: 1. From the File menu, click Add TDIP Data, or click on the toolbar. The Add TDIP Data dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-4.) 2. If you want to add only stack result files and not time series files too, clear the Add time series check box. 3. Click Add V8 File(s). A standard Windows Open File dialog box appears. 4. Browse to the folder containing the data files acquired by V8 instruments. 5. Select the file(s) you want to add. (To add multiple files, hold down SHIFT or CRTL while clicking the file names.) 6. Click Open. Information from the selected files appears in the Add TDIP Data dialog box. (See Fig. 2-5 on page 15.) Fig. 2-4: The Add TDIP Data dialog box.

The Add TDIP Data dialog box closes, and the main window displays the chargeability plot of the first channel. (See Fig. 2-6.) Fig. 2-5: V8 files added to the database. 7. Click Add Tx File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6. 8. Click Add Aux File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6. 9. If you want the program to remember the folder location of data for each instrument type, select Add data from previous folder. 10. Click OK. Fig. 2-6: Chargeability display after adding data files. Checking and editing calculation parameters The calculation parameters as set up in the field may be satisfactory as they are, but in many cases you will 15 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 15

16 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 16 want to add or change information. For example, the project details such as the survey area and the operator names may not have been recorded in the field. You can edit these parameters using TIP Pro. The spreadsheets may contain more information than can be shown on one screen. Use the horizontal and vertical scrollbars to see the rest of the information. (See Fig. 2-8 on page 17.) You may also want to experiment with different sampling window characteristics, or you may want to exclude data points that are far from the calculated average. This section explains how to make these changes. To begin editing calculation parameters: From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit Parameters, or click on the toolbar. The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-7.) The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box contains two spreadsheets. The upper spreadsheet lists the survey sites added to the database, as defined by the V8 instrument. The lower spreadsheet lists the channels associated with each of the instruments used (V8, RXU-3E, RXU-TM). Fig. 2-7: The Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box.

Fig. 2-8: The horizontal scroll bar reveals hidden columns. Expanding truncated column headings. Some of the column headings in the spreadsheets are truncated, indicated by an ellipsis ( ). To see the full heading, double-click the right border of the cell containing the heading. You can also drag the right border of any heading cell to change the width of its column. Truncated column headings also appear as a tool tip when the mouse pointer passes over them. (See Fig. 2-9.) Fig. 2-9: Truncated column heading expanded as a tool tip. Editing site information. Site information includes text parameters such as the project name, survey area, operator name(s), and comments. Other parameters are numerical elevation, latitude, and longitude of the site; north reference and declination; local power grid frequency; and averaged current. To edit site information: 1. In the Setup Information area, select the file name of the site you want to edit. 2. Click Edit Site Information. 17 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 17

18 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 18 The Site Information dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-10.) 3. Use the mouse or the TAB key to select the contents of text boxes, and type the new information. In the case of the Array type or North reference, select the correct value from the list. 4. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box. this recalculation, you must have recorded the time series and you must have added the time series files to the TIP Pro database. See Adding data on page 13. You can edit one site at a time, or you can apply the changes to all the sites in the database. (The default action is to apply changes to all sites.) You can specify the number of windows, start time of the first window, and end time of the last window, and have the program calculate the times of all the other windows. Alternatively, you can have the program calculate window start times and widths based on the power line period in the area. For example, if the power line frequency is 50Hz, then the period is 20ms, and the program can calculate window widths of 20ms, 40ms, 60ms, and so on. Fig. 2-10: The Site Information dialog box. Editing sampling window settings. You may want to recalculate your results based on different numbers or sizes of sampling windows. In order to be able to do You can also easily revert to the program default values.

To edit window settings: 1. If you want to edit only one site, select its file name in the Setup Information area. (See Fig. 2-11.) Fig. 2-11: Click the file name to select it. 2. Click Edit Window Settings. Fig. 2-12: The Window Settings dialog box. The Window Settings dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-12.) 19 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 19

20 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 20 3. If you want to set specific window parameters yourself, then edit any of the values of: Frequency (Period) (not available if only one frequency was recorded) Number of windows (minimum 5, maximum 21) Start of windows (that is, start time of the first window) End of windows (that is, end time of the last window) and click Calculate Windows. The Window List displays the new window start times and lengths. 4. If you want to base window times and widths on the local power line period, select Set window widths to integer multiple of power line period and click Calculate Windows. The Window List displays the new window start times and lengths. 5. If you want to revert to program defaults, click Set Default Windows. The Window List displays the default window start times and lengths. 6. If you want to apply the edited values to only the site selected in step 1, clear the Apply settings to all sites check box. 7. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box. Rejecting outlying data points. In order to improve data quality, especially in noisy areas, you can exclude a percentage of data points from the calculation of averages. The amount of data rejected is represented as a value between 0.0 and 1.0, where 0.0 rejects no data and 1.0 rejects all data. As a starting point, the program is set to a value of 0.5, which means that half the data (the lowest one-quarter and the highest onequarter) will be rejected. If your survey was in a noisy area, you may get better results by increasing the value to reject more outlying

values. If your survey was in an electrically quiet area, you may get better results by decreasing the value to include more data. To change the ratio of rejected data: 1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Rejected ratio for average calculation cell of the site you want to edit. 2. Type a new value between 0.0 and 1.0. 3. To cancel the change, press the ESC key; to accept the change, either select another cell or press Enter. Setting a minimum allowable current. It is common during survey work for the transmitter to be turned off or transmitting at very low current while instruments are still recording. This situation results in invalid or poor quality samples. To reject these samples from the calculation, you can set a minimum level of current that must have been transmitted. Samples taken when current was below the minimum will be rejected. A value of 0.5A is a good starting point, as it eliminates data collected when transmitter current was very low or zero. To set the current limit: 1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Current Limit cell of the site you want to edit. 2. Type a new value and press Enter. Excluding or including sites or channels. When you add a site to the database, the site and all its associated channels are selected for inclusion in the calculations. You can exclude sites or channels from the calculations without removing them from the database. To exclude sites or channels: In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to exclude, double-click the cell containing the check mark. The check mark is replaced by a red-circled X. 21 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Processing data with TIP Pro 21

22 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TIP Pro 22 To restore sites or channels: In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to include in the calculations, double-click the cell containing the red-circled X. The red-circled X is replaced by a check mark. DC offset and drift correction. Static DC offset is automatically removed in TIP Pro by averaging windows from positive and negative pulses. However, naturally occurring telluric signals can cause a slow change or drift of DC offset over time. TIP Pro can detect this drift by comparing consecutive off-time measurements, and can remove the effect on the data. (See Fig. 2-13.) Fig. 2-13: Drift, uncorrected (blue points) and corrected (red points). Drift correction is enabled by default. In the Drift Correct column of the Setup Information spreadsheet, a check mark indicates that drift correction is enabled. A red-circled X indicates drift correction is disabled. (See Fig. 2-14.)

To control drift correction: In the Drift Correct column of the Setup Information spreadsheet, double-click the cells to enable or disable drift correction. the database. You can choose instead to view the averaged stacked waveform of that channel, or the time series waveforms of all channels. You can select a different site or channel, and you can change the scale and appearance of the plot. This section explains how. Selecting the type of data to view You can view either the calculated chargeability or averaged stacked waveforms of a single channel, or you can view the time series waveforms of all channels of one site. Fig. 2-14: DC offset drift correction. Viewing data and results graphically When you close the Add TDIP Data dialog box after adding sites to the database, the program displays the chargeability plot for the first channel of the first site in To select a site and a channel: 1. Select a site from the Site list on the toolbar. (If the site you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDIP Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.) 2. Select a channel from the Channel list on the toolbar. (If the channel you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDIP 23 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing data and results graphically 23

24 Controlled Source Data Processing Viewing data and results graphically 24 Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.) To view chargeability, averaged stacked waveforms, or time series waveforms: 1. From the Data list on the toolbar, select the data type you want to view. 2. If you selected All Channels Waveform, use the left and right arrows on the toolbar to move back and forth through the time series. (For another way to change your position in the time series, see page 27.) Changing the scale and labels You can change the appearance of the data plots in several ways. You can expand or contract the horizontal and vertical scales and make them linear or logarithmic. You can increase or reduce the number of grid lines for each axis, and you can change the numeric format of the labels. The Plot Parameters dialog box contains the controls for making these changes. To open the Plot Parameters dialog box: From the View menu, click Set Plot Parameters, or click on the toolbar. The Plot Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 2-15.) The Plot Parameters dialog box is divided into four areas. The top three areas correspond to the three data types: Chargeability Averaged Stacked Waveform All Channels Waveform The fourth area controls the tick mark labels on the plots. Changing the chargeability plot. To change the chargeability horizontal scale: 1. In the Chargeability area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min time (ms) to

the earliest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot. Fig. 2-15: The Plot Parameters dialog box. 2. Change the value of Max time (ms) to the latest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot. 3. If you want the horizontal scale to be linear, clear the Log time check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log time. 4. If you want more or fewer vertical grid lines, edit the number of Time axis grids. To change the chargeability vertical scale: 1. In the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min chargeability (mv/v) to the minimum value (in millivolts per volt) that you want to see on the plot. 2. Change the value of Max chargeability (mv/v) to the maximum value that you want to see on the plot. 3. If you want the vertical scale to be linear, clear the Log chargeability check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log chargeability. 4. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Chg axis grids. 25 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing data and results graphically 25

26 Controlled Source Data Processing Viewing data and results graphically 26 Changing the stacked waveforms plot. The stacked waveforms plot uses the transmitter turn-off time as the horizontal axis origin. When changing the horizontal axis, use negative numbers for times prior to the turn-off time and positive numbers for times after the turn-off time. To optimize the stacked waveforms horizontal scale: 1. Divide the period in milliseconds of the transmitted frequency by 4. 2. In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Max time (ms) to slightly more than the value you calculated in step 1. 3. Change the value of Min time (ms) to the negative of Max time (ms). 4. If you want more or fewer vertical grid lines, edit the number of Time axis grids. To change the stacked waveforms vertical scale: 1. For the transmitter channel, change Min current (A) to the minimum transmitted current (in amperes) that you want to see. Change Max current (A) to the maximum transmitted current that you want to see. 2. For receiver channels, change Min voltage (mv) to the minimum measured voltage (in millivolts) that you want to see. Change Max voltage (mv) to the maximum measured voltage that you want to see. 3. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Amplitude axis grids. Changing the all channels waveform plot. The All Channels Waveform default plot uses an auto-scaling algorithm to ensure that all the waveforms are visible. However, you can disable auto scaling and change the zoom setting manually. You can also remove DC offset if it is present in the data. As you scroll forward and backward through the time series using the left and right arrow buttons on the

toolbar, the program keeps track of which segment you are viewing, counting from zero (the earliest) to the end of your data. You can learn what segment is currently displayed, and you can specify a different segment of the time series to display. To disable auto scaling and set zoom manually: 1. In the All Channels Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, clear the Auto scaling check box. 2. Type a new integer value for Tx channel zoom factor and/or E channel zoom factor. To remove or restore DC offset: In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select or clear the Remove DC offset check box. To view or change your position in the time series: In the Stacked Waveform area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, note the Current Ts segment number. If you want to display a different segment, type its number in the box. (The earliest segment is numbered 0.) Changing the label format. The default axis labels for Chargeability and Stacked Waveforms plots use integer values for time and a suitable number of decimal places for amplitude. However, you can choose to display more or less precision. The All Channels Waveform labels cannot be changed. To change the axis labels format: 1. In the Label Format area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select the type of display you want: Integer, for no decimal places Float, for scientific notation Fixed, for the number of decimal places you specify in the Fixed digit number box. 2. If you want to revert to automatic labels, select Default. 27 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing data and results graphically 27

28 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 28 Saving and exporting your work You can save the database and the processed data in native TIP Pro format or you can export to other formats. If you use native TIP Pro format, you can save multiple versions of the processed data by using different file names. Saving the database in TIP Pro format The native file format in TIP Pro contains the entire database, including processed results and raw time series (if you added them). The file extension is.tip. To save in TIP Pro format: 1. From the File menu, select Save or Save As. A standard Windows Save dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the folder in which you want to save the database, give the file a name, and click Save. Reducing.tip file size If you are sharing your database over a network or sending results electronically, you may want to reduce the file size first. You can accomplish this by removing the time series or stacked waveforms from the database, retaining only the processed data. You can remove the time series or stacked waveforms for only specific sites, or for all the sites in the database. To reduce.tip file size: 1. If you want to clear the data from a specific site, choose it from the Site list on the toolbar. This site will be the Current Site referred to in the next step. 2. From the Edit menu, select one of the Clear commands: Clear All Sites Time Series Clear All Sites Stack Clear Current Site Time Series Clear Current Site Stack

3. Repeat this procedure if necessary to remove the data from other specific sites. 4. From the File menu, select Save or Save As as described earlier. Exporting to other formats TIP Pro can export data in several ways: waveform stacks (.stk) averaged waveform stacks (.avg) pseudosection format (.dat) universal sounding format (.usf) The exported data appears in plain ASCII text in these files, so any of them can be viewed in Notepad or a text editor. Pseudosection and universal sounding format files are intended for use by interpretation software. Waveform stacks. A waveform stack file has the extension.stk. The file lists in plain text the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels. (See Fig. 2-16.) Fig. 2-16: Example of a waveform stack (.stk) file. To export waveform stacks: 1. From the File menu, select Dump Stack File(s). 2. In the standard Windows dialog box that appears, browse to the folder where you want the output files to be saved, and click OK. A.stk file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder. 29 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Saving and exporting your work 29

30 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 30 You can view the.stk files in Notepad or any other text processing program. Averaged waveform stacks. An averaged waveform stack file has the extension.avg. The file contains in plain text a header showing the site setup information, the channel assignments, and the sample window times and sizes. (See Fig. 2-17.) This information is followed by the body of the file showing the results of data processing for each channel: VP (primary field) in millivolts, with standard deviation resistivity in ohm-m, with standard deviation NmtM (Newmont chargeability) in millivolts per volt, with standard deviation for each time window, the Newmont chargeability, with standard deviation (See Fig. 2-18 on page 31.) Fig. 2-17: Example of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file header. To export an averaged waveform stack file: 1. From the File menu, select Output AVG File(s).

2. In the standard Windows dialog box that appears, browse to the folder where you want the output files to be saved, and click OK. An.avg file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder. Pseudosection files. A pseudosection file has the extension.dat. The file contains a table of values for resistivity and chargeability, and optionally the amplitudes measured at one or more time windows. (See Fig. 2-19 on page 32.) Fig. 2-18: Example of the body of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file. 31 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Saving and exporting your work 31

32 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 32 2. Browse to the folder where you want the output file to be saved. 3. In the lower left of the dialog box, select the check boxes for the elements you want to include in the output file. 4. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to output list. 5. If you recorded more than one frequency, select one from the Period (sec) list. 6. Click Save. A.dat file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder. Fig. 2-19: Example of a pseudosection (.dat) file. To export a pseudosection file: 1. From the File menu, select Export Pseudosection File. The Output Pseudosection dialog box appears. Universal sounding format. A universal sounding format file has the extension.usf. The file adheres to the specification proposed by Interpex Limited, available on the Internet at http://interpex.com/universalsoundingformat.pdf (link valid as of July 2010.) (See Fig. 2-20 on page 33.)

2. Browse to the folder where you want the output file to be saved. 3. In the lower left of the dialog box, select the check boxes for the elements you want to include in the output file. 4. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to output list. 5. If you recorded more than one frequency, select one from the Period (sec) list. 6. Click Save. A.usf file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder. Fig. 2-20: Example of a universal sounding format (.usf) file. To export a universal sounding format file: 1. From the File menu, select Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF). The Output USF File dialog box appears. Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files TIP Pro includes two commands on the Utilities menu that can be helpful when working with Phoenix Technical Support to troubleshoot a problem. 33 Chapter 2 TIP Pro Viewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result files 33

34 Controlled Source Data ProcessingViewing site parameter (.tbl) and stack result The two commands simply convert binary table (.tbl) files into text files and stack result (.trs) files into comma-separated values files. To convert table files to text: 1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s). A standard Windows Open file dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the folder containing the table file(s) you want to convert. 3. Select one or more.tbl files and click Open. A.txt file with the same name is created for each selected.tbl file. 4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the.txt files to open them in Notepad. To convert stack result files to comma-separated values files: 1. From the Utilities menu, select Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s). A standard Windows Open file dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the folder containing the.trs file(s) you want to convert. 3. Select one or more.trs files and click Open. A.csv file with the same name is created for each selected.trs file. 4. If you want to view the resulting files, browse to the output folder and double-click the.csv files to open them in your preferred spreadsheet program.

Chapter This chapter explains the use of the TEM Pro program to process data acquired with the Time Domain EM method. Time Domain EM: TEM Pro 35 Chapter 3 35

36 Controlled Source Data Processing About TEM Pro 36 About TEM Pro Starting TEM Pro TEM Pro is a Windows-based program that displays and processes TDEM (MulTEM, FasTEM, and LOTEM) data acquired by System 2000.net instruments. With TEM Pro, you can view in graphical form the time series data, stacked waveforms, and resistivity calculated by the program. You can save your work in native TEM Pro format (.tem) as well as export it in Universal Sounding Format (.usf). You can also export cross-section (.sec) files and UTEM (.utm) files. TEM Pro also includes utility features for checking and editing setup information, and for exporting various data files in text-only format. For convenience and simplicity, the design of the TEM Pro interface is very similar to that of other Phoenix controlled-source data processing programs such as TIP Pro and CMT Pro. If you are familiar with any of these programs, you will find the others easy to learn. Start TEM Pro as you would any Windows-based program: either double-click a desktop shortcut, or launch the program from the Start menu. The program main window appears with an untitled database. (See Fig. 3-1 on page 37.) Menu commands Commands in TEM Pro are available on five menus: File Edit View Utilities Help This section explains the use of the five menus. The most commonly used menu items are also available as buttons on the Toolbar, explained later in this chapter.

View menu. Use the commands on the View menu to change the graphical display by choosing log or linear scales, maximum and minimum values, axis label style, and so on. You can also use this menu to show or hide the toolbar and the status bar. Utilities menu. Use the commands on the Utilities menu to convert binary-format Table (.tbl) and Stack Result (.trs) files to human-readable text files. Help menu. Use the About command on the Help menu to learn the version number of the program and to find contact information for Phoenix Technical Support. Fig. 3-1: TEM Pro main window at startup. File menu. Use the commands on the File menu to add data to the database, save the database, export data to other formats, and re-open recently used files. Edit menu. Use the commands on the Edit menu to check and edit site and calculation parameters such as site co-ordinates, transmitter ramp time, display of repeated frequencies in MulTEM, and so on. Toolbar buttons Below the menu bar is the toolbar, which contains a series of buttons for the most commonly used commands. 37 Chapter 3 TEM Pro About TEM Pro 37

38 Controlled Source Data Processing About TEM Pro 38 Button Command Open existing database (.tem) file. Save database (.tem) file. Add TDEM data files to database. Edit and check parameters. the type of data (window decay curve, stacked waveforms, or calculated resistivity) the Site the Channel The lists appear to the right of the right-most button on the toolbar. (See Fig. 3-2.) The content of the Site and Channel lists vary according to your site names and number of channels recorded. Edit plot parameters. Fig. 3-2: The Data, Site, and Channel lists on the toolbar. (Reserved for future use.) (Not used in TEM Pro.) (Not used in TEM Pro.) Toolbar lists The toolbar also contains three lists from which you can choose to display: File types and formats System 2000.net instruments may produce a number of files in the course of recording data. The number and type of files depends on the instrument settings and the number of times recording is paused in Standby mode.

TEM Pro can produce several output file types also, depending on whether you save, export, or convert data or results. Input files. The file types used by TEM Pro are listed below. File names begin with the four-digit instrument serial number, followed by a code indicating the date and the order of repeated soundings. Note TEM Pro can accept either processed results or unprocessed data as input. However, as of May 1, 2010, the V8 delivers enhanced processed results that are not available from the existing algorithms in TEM Pro. Therefore, it is important to add to the TEM Pro database only processed results, not unprocessed data. Otherwise, TEM Pro recalculates the results using the older algorithms. When adding TDEM data, ensure that the Add time series checkbox is cleared. Table (.tbl) files. A table file containing all the instrument parameters is created each time the instrument mode is changed from Record to Standby or Setup mode. (Table files named Startup or named using only the instrument serial number contain similar information, but are not used in data processing.) Time Series (.tss) files. As explained in the Note on this page, recent enhancements to instrument firmware make raw time series files unsuitable for reprocessing in TEM Pro. Stack Result (.trs) files. These files contain the stacked waveforms as calculated by the instrument during recording. The instrument must have Stack result file log enabled in order to save stack result files. The content of stack result files is dependent on the sampling window settings that were in effect during acquisition. Output files. The file types that may be created by TEM Pro are: TEM Pro database (.tem) files. These files contain the entire database, program settings, and calculated results as they exist when you choose Save or Save As from the File menu. Stack (.stk) files. These files, created by the Dump Stack File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels in the database. 39 Chapter 3 TEM Pro About TEM Pro 39

40 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TEM Pro 40 Average (.avg) files. These files, created by the Output AVG File(s) command on the File menu, are plain text files containing calculated resistivity with standard deviation for each time window in the samples of each channel. Cross section (.sec) files. These files, created by the Output Cross Section command on the File menu, contain calculated resistivities with position information versus time or Bostick depth. Universal Sounding Format (.usf) files. These files, created by the Export to Universal Sounding Format (*.USF) command on the File menu, are plain text files for interchange with other processing software such as WinGLink or IxIDV3. University of Toronto Electromagnetic system (.utm) files. These binary files are created by the Export to YUTEM Format (*.UTM) command on the File menu. Comma-separated Values (.csv) files. These files are created by the Convert Time Domain Stack Result File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu. They can be opened by any spreadsheet or text-processing program, and contain the measured field in volts. These files are used for program debugging and troubleshooting. Text (.txt) files. These files are created by the Convert Tbl File(s) to ASCII File(s) command on the Utilities menu, and can be opened with any text-processing program. These files contain the complete list of parameter codes and values, and are used for troubleshooting. Note, however, that Phoenix Technical Support usually requests a copy of the.tbl file itself, not the ASCII conversion. Processing data with TEM Pro This section describes how to organize your files to make it easy to import data into the TEM Pro database for processing editing, display, and export. Organizing your files As described earlier, TEM Pro accepts three types of input files: table (.tbl) files, time series (.tss) files, and

stack result (.trs) files. (Time series files should no longer be imported, however; see the Note on page 39.) Table files must be available, because they contain important information concerning the instrument state during acquisition. Stack result files must be available, because they are used by the program to identify the table files to import. In order to be able to import these files into TEM Pro, organize your files so that the stack result files are in the same folder as the associated table files. Identifying instrument type. TEM Pro must be able to match the data files with the type of instrument (V8, RXU, or RXU-TM) that recorded them. For this reason, you may find it helpful to group your files in subfolders according to instrument type. If you have used many different instruments in the survey, there will be many files identified by their serial number prefix. If you do not have a list of instrument types and associated serial numbers, follow this procedure to make such a list: To identify instrument type: 1. Open the folder containing your data files. 2. If the files are not listed with full details, select Details from the View menu. 3. Sort the files by clicking the Type column heading. 4. Double-click each.tbl file in turn to open it in TblEditor. 5. From the Help menu of TblEditor, click About TblEdit and then read the Hardware Configuration to identify the instrument type. (See Fig. 3-3.) The hardware configuration codes begin with these characters: RX3, indicating an RXU-3E(R) (not used in TDEM) V86, indicating a V8-6(R) RXTXM, indicating an RXU-TM(R) 41 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Processing data with TEM Pro 41

42 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TEM Pro 42 To add data to the database: 1. From the File menu, click Add TDEM Data, or click on the toolbar. The Add TDEM Data dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-4.) Fig. 3-3: The instrument type appears in the Hardware Configuration box. 6. Close TblEditor. Adding data Before adding data to the TEM Pro database, ensure that your files and folders are properly organized as described earlier. Any number of data files can be added to the database. Fig. 3-4: The Add TDEM Data dialog box. 2. Clear the Add time series check box.

3. Click Add V8 File(s). A standard Windows Open File dialog box appears. 4. Browse to the folder containing the data files acquired by V8 instruments. 5. Select the file(s) you want to add. (To add multiple files, hold down SHIFT or CRTL while clicking the file names.) 6. Click Open. Information from the selected files appears in the Add TDEM Data dialog box. (See Fig. 3-5.) 7. If there was no radio communication between the V8 and the RXU-TMR during acquisition, click Add Tx File(s) and repeat steps 5 and 6 to add RXU- TMR files. (If there was radio communication during acquisition, the V8 data already contains the RXU- TMR data; skip this step.) 8. Click OK. The Add TDEM Data dialog box closes, and the main window displays the plot of the first channel. Fig. 3-5: V8 files added to the database. Checking and editing calculation parameters The calculation parameters as set up in the field may be satisfactory as they are, but in many cases you will want to add or change information. For example, the project details such as the survey area and the 43 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Processing data with TEM Pro 43

44 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TEM Pro 44 operator names may not have been recorded in the field. You can edit these parameters using TEM Pro. vertical scrollbars to see the rest of the information. (See Fig. 3-7 on page 45.) You may also want to exclude data points that are far from the calculated average. This section explains how to make these changes. To begin editing calculation parameters: From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit Parameters, or click on the toolbar. The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-6.) The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box contains two spreadsheets. The upper spreadsheet lists the survey sites added to the database, as defined by the V8 instrument. The lower spreadsheet lists the channels associated with each of the instruments used (V8, RXU-3E, RXU-TM). Fig. 3-6: The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box. The spreadsheets may contain more information than can be shown on one screen. Use the horizontal and

Fig. 3-8: Truncated column heading expanded as a tool tip. Fig. 3-7: The horizontal scroll bar reveals hidden columns. Expanding truncated column headings. Some of the column headings in the spreadsheets are truncated, indicated by an ellipsis ( ). To see the full heading, double-click the right border of the cell containing the heading. You can also drag the right border of any heading cell to change the width of its column. Truncated column headings also appear as a tool tip when the mouse pointer passes over them. (See Fig. 3-8.) Editing site information. Site information includes text parameters such as the project name, survey area, operator name(s), and comments. Other parameters are numerical elevation, latitude, and longitude of the site; north reference and declination; local power grid frequency; and averaged current. To edit site information: 1. In the Setup Information area, select the file name of the site you want to edit. 2. Click Edit Setup Information. The Setup Information dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-9.) 3. Use the mouse or the TAB key to select the contents of text boxes, and type the new infor- 45 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Processing data with TEM Pro 45

46 Controlled Source Data Processing Processing data with TEM Pro 46 mation. In the case of the Array type or North reference, select the correct value from the list. 4. When you are satisfied with the edits, click OK to return to the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box. Rejecting outlying data points. In order to improve data quality, especially in noisy areas, you can exclude a percentage of data points from the calculation of averages. The amount of data rejected is represented as a value between 0.0 and 1.0, where 0.0 rejects no data and 1.0 rejects all data. As a starting point, the program is set to a value of 0.5, which means that half the data (the lowest one-quarter and the highest onequarter) will be rejected. If your survey was in a noisy area, you may get better results by increasing the value to reject more outlying values. If your survey was in an electrically quiet area, you may get better results by decreasing the value to include more data. Fig. 3-9: The Setup Information dialog box. Editing sampling window settings. As explained in the Note on page 39, time series data should no longer be imported into TEM Pro. Therefore, the sampling window settings feature is no longer used. To change the ratio of rejected data: 1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Rejected ratio for average calculation cell of the site you want to edit. 2. Type a new value between 0.0 and 1.0.

3. To cancel the change, press the ESC key; to accept the change, either select another cell or press Enter. Setting a minimum allowable current. It is common during survey work for the transmitter to be turned off or transmitting at very low current while instruments are still recording. This situation results in invalid or poor quality samples. To reject these samples from the calculation, you can set a minimum level of current that must have been transmitted. Samples taken when current was below the minimum will be rejected. A value of 0.5A is a good starting point, as it eliminates data collected when transmitter current was very low or zero. To set the current limit: 1. In the Setup Information spreadsheet, select the Current Limit cell of the site you want to edit. 2. Type a new value and press Enter. Excluding or including sites or channels. When you add a site to the database, the site and all its associated channels are selected for inclusion in the calculations. You can exclude sites or channels from the calculations without removing them from the database. To exclude sites or channels: In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to exclude, double-click the cell containing the check mark. The check mark is replaced by a red-circled X. To restore sites or channels: In the Selected column of the site or channel you want to include in the calculations, double-click the cell containing the red-circled X. The red-circled X is replaced by a check mark. 47 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Processing data with TEM Pro 47

48 Controlled Source Data Processing Viewing data and results graphically 48 Viewing data and results graphically When you close the Add TDEM Data dialog box after adding sites to the database, the program displays the plot for the first channel of the first site in the database. You can choose to view a different type of data or a different site or channel, and you can change the scale and appearance of the plot. This section explains how. Viewing time series data As explained earlier, it is no longer appropriate to import time series data in TEM Pro. You can still view the time series data using TblEdit. (First, ensure that Windows associates the file extension.tbl with the TblEdit program.) To view time series data: 1. Browse to the folder containing your data and double-click the associated.tbl file. The TblEdit program opens and displays the time series data. 2. To display other scans in the time series, click the left and right arrow buttons on the toolbar. Selecting the type of data to view Drop-down lists make it easy to select sites, channels, and data types. To select a site and a channel: 1. Select a site from the Site list on the toolbar. (If the site you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.) 2. Select a channel from the Channel list on the toolbar. (If the channel you want to view is not listed, make sure that it appears in the Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box and that a check mark appears in the Selected column.)

To view different data types: 1. From the Data list on the toolbar, select the data type you want to view. 2. Note that the All Channels Waveform data type is no longer used, because time series files should not be imported into TEM Pro. The Plot Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-10.) Changing the scale and labels You can change the appearance of the data plots in several ways. You can expand or contract the horizontal and vertical scales and make them linear or logarithmic. You can increase or reduce the number of grid lines for each axis, and you can change the numeric format of the labels. The Plot Parameters dialog box contains the controls for making these changes. To open the Plot Parameters dialog box: From the View menu, click Set Plot Parameters, Fig. 3-10: The Plot Parameters dialog box. or click on the toolbar. 49 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Viewing data and results graphically 49

50 Controlled Source Data Processing Viewing data and results graphically 50 The Plot Parameters dialog box is divided into four areas. The top three areas correspond to the three data types: Window Decay and Apparent Resistivity Stacked Waveform All Channels Waveform (no longer used) The fourth area controls the tick mark labels on the plots. Changing the window decay plot and apparent resistivity plot. You can change horizontal and vertical maximum and minimum values, and change to logarithmic or linear scales for these plot types. To change the horizontal scale: 1. In the Window Decay and App. Resistivity area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min time (ms) to the earliest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot. 2. Change the value of Max time (ms) to the latest time (in milliseconds) that you want to see on the plot. 3. If you want the horizontal scale to be linear, clear the Log time check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log time. 4. If you want more or fewer vertical grid lines, edit the number of Time axis grids. To change the vertical scale: 1. In the Plot Parameters dialog box, change the value of Min E (mv/(km. Amp)) to the minimum value that you want to see on the plot. 2. Change the value of Max E (mv/(km. Amp)) to the maximum value that you want to see on the plot. 3. If you want the vertical scale to be linear, clear the Log decay/app.res check box; if you want the scale to be logarithmic, select Log decay/app.res. 4. If you want more or fewer horizontal grid lines, edit the number of Decay/app. res axis grids. Changing the label format. The default axis labels for Window Decay and App. Resistivity plot use integer values for time and a suitable number of decimal places

for amplitude. However, you can choose to display more or less precision. To change the axis labels format: 1. In the Label Format area of the Plot Parameters dialog box, select the type of display you want: Integer, for no decimal places Float, for scientific notation Fixed, for the number of decimal places you specify in the Fixed digit number box. 2. If you want to revert to automatic labels, select Default. Selecting the repeated frequencies to view (MulTEM) TEM Pro can display one or several frequencies recorded during a MulTEM sounding. To select frequencies for display: 1. From the Edit menu, click Check and Edit Parameters, or click on the toolbar. The Edit TDEM Calculation Parameters dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-6 on page 44.) 2. Click Edit Window Settings. The Window Settings dialog box appears. (See Fig. 3-11.) 3. From the Frequency (Period) list, select the frequency that you want to affect. (See Fig. 3-12.) To hide that frequency, clear the Select current frequency check box. (See Fig. 3-13.) To display that frequency, select the Select current frequency check box. To apply these display settings to all sites in your database, select the Apply settings to all sites checkbox. (See Fig. 3-13.) 4. Click OK twice to return to the plot display. 51 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Viewing data and results graphically 51

52 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 52 Fig. 3-13: Hiding a frequency by clearing the checkbox. Saving and exporting your work Fig. 3-11: The Window Settings dialog box. You can save the database and the processed data in native TEM Pro format or you can export to other formats. If you use native TEM Pro format, you can save multiple versions of the processed data by using different file names. Fig. 3-12: Selecting a frequency to change.

Saving the database in TEM Pro format The native file format in TEM Pro contains the entire database, including processed results. The file extension is.tem. To save in TEM Pro format: 1. From the File menu, select Save or Save As. The exported data appears in plain ASCII text in these files except.utm, so any of them can be viewed in Notepad or a text editor. Cross section, UTEM, and universal sounding format files are intended for use by interpretation software. Waveform stacks. A waveform stack file has the extension.stk. The file lists in plain text the signal amplitude measured at each time window for all data samples and channels. (See Fig. 3-14.) A standard Windows Save dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the folder in which you want to save the database, give the file a name, and click Save. Exporting to other formats TEM Pro can export data in several ways: waveform stacks (.stk) averaged waveform stacks (.avg) cross section format (.sec) universal sounding format (.usf) University of Toronto EM (UTEM) format (.utm) Fig. 3-14: Example of a waveform stack (.stk) file. 53 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Saving and exporting your work 53

54 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 54 To export waveform stacks: 1. From the File menu, select Dump Stack File(s). 2. In the standard Windows dialog box that appears, browse to the folder where you want the output files to be saved, and click OK. 2. In the standard Windows dialog box that appears, browse to the folder where you want the output files to be saved, and click OK. An.avg file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder. A.stk file for each site in the database is created in the selected output folder. You can view the.stk files in Notepad or any other text processing program. Averaged waveform stacks. An averaged waveform stack file has the extension.avg. The file contains in plain text a header showing the site setup information, the channel assignments, and the sample window times and sizes. (See Fig. 3-15.) This information is followed by the body of the file showing the results of data processing for each channel. (See Fig. 3-16 on page 55.) To export an averaged waveform stack file: 1. From the File menu, select Output AVG File(s). Fig. 3-15: Example of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file header. Cross section files. A cross section file has the extension.sec. The file contains a table of values for

site position and apparent resistivity (See Fig. 3-17 on page 55.) Fig. 3-17: Example of a cross section (.sec) file. Fig. 3-16: Example of the body of an averaged waveform stack (.avg) file. To export a cross section file: 1. From the File menu, select Output Cross Section. The Output Cross Section dialog box appears. 2. Browse to the folder where you want the output file to be saved. 55 Chapter 3 TEM Pro Saving and exporting your work 55

56 Controlled Source Data Processing Saving and exporting your work 56 3. If your database includes more than one survey line, select the line from the Line to be list. 4. Click Save. A.sec file for the selected line is created in the selected output folder. Universal sounding format. A universal sounding format file has the extension.usf. The file adheres to the specification proposed by Interpex Limited, available on the Internet at http://interpex.com/universalsoundingformat.pdf (link valid as of July 2010). (See Fig. 3-18 on page 56.) Fig. 3-18: Example of a universal sounding format (.usf) file.