Sun Java System Application Server 8.1: Administration & Deployment

Sun Java System Application Server 8.1: Administration & Deployment Student Guide - Volume I IAS-4444 Rev A D62040GC10 Edition 1.0 D63846

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Table of Contents About This Course...Preface-xvii Course Goals... Preface-xvii Product Names... Preface-xviii Course Map... Preface-xix Topics Not Covered... Preface-xx How Prepared Are You?... Preface-xxi Introductions...Preface-xxii How to Use Course Materials...Preface-xxiii Conventions...Preface-xxiv Icons...Preface-xxiv Typographical Conventions... Preface-xxv Additional Conventions...Preface-xxvi Introducing Application Server SE/EE 8.1...1-1 Objectives... 1-1 Relevance... 1-2 Additional Resources... 1-3 Overview of Application Server 8.1... 1-4 Application Server 8.1 Editions... 1-6 Supported Features Comparison... 1-8 Sun Java Enterprise System Suites... 1-9 Sun Java Application Platform Suite... 1-10 Application Server Key Concepts... 1-11.Web Architecture With Load Balancing... 1-12 Clustering... 1-13 Failover... 1-14 Failover With HADB... 1-15 Application Server HA Architecture... 1-16 Application Server SE/EE 8.1 Features... 1-18 Key HA Features... 1-20 Developer Productivity Support... 1-22 Tools Provided With Application Server 8.1... 1-23 v

Management Architecture... 2-1 Objectives... 2-1 Additional Resources... 2-3 Introducing the Components and Concepts of Application Server SE/EE 8.1... 2-4 Administrative Domains in Application Server 8.1... 2-5 Server Instances... 2-7 Cluster... 2-8 Configuration... 2-10 Configuration Types... 2-11 Applications and Resources... 2-12 References... 2-13 Entity Relationships... 2-15 Sample Cluster Configuration One... 2-16 Sample Cluster Configuration Two... 2-17 Sample Configuration Three... 2-18 Management Architecture... 2-19 Main Components... 2-21 DAS... 2-23 Central Repository... 2-25 Central Repository Directory Structure... 2-27 Local Repository Cache... 2-28 Node Agent... 2-29 Node Agent, Server Instance, and DAS... 2-30 Multi-Domain Management Architecture... 2-31 Synchronization... 2-32 Node Agent Synchronization At Create Time... 2-34 Node Agent Synchronization At Start Time... 2-35 Server Instance Synchronization... 2-36 JMX API MBeans... 2-37 JMX Connectors... 2-39 Installing Application Server SE/EE 8.1... 3-1 Objectives... 3-1 Relevance... 3-2 Additional Resources... 3-3 Key Features of the Application Server SE/EE 8.1 Installation.. 3-4 Supported Installation Features Matrix... 3-5 Product Components... 3-7 PointBase and Application Server 8.1 Configuration... 3-9 Supported Platforms for Installation... 3-10 Support for JDBC API Drivers... 3-11 Support for Databases... 3-12 Support for Web Servers... 3-13 Configuration Considerations... 3-14 vi Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment

Application Server SE/EE 8.1 System Requirements... 3-15 HADB Platforms and System Requirements... 3-16 Installation Modes... 3-17 Directory Structure and File Layout... 3-19 Installation Root Directory Structure... 3-20 DAS Directory Structure... 3-21 Node Agent Directory Structure... 3-22 Server Instance Directory Structure... 3-24 Installation Log Files... 3-25 Sample Applications... 3-27 Configuration and Administration...4-1 Objectives... 4-1 Additional Resources... 4-3 Administration Infrastructure... 4-4 Domain Configuration... 4-6 Primary Domain Configuration Files... 4-7 Named Configuration... 4-8 The domain.xml File Structure... 4-10 Referencing Elements... 4-12 The domain.xml Reference Example... 4-13 Properties in the domain.xml File... 4-14 Server Instance Specialization... 4-16 Port Specialization... 4-17 Port Specialization Example... 4-18 Configuring Specialized Ports... 4-19 Dynamic Reconfiguration... 4-20 Dynamic Reconfigured Changes... 4-22 Administration Tools... 4-23 The asadmin Utility... 4-25 Local asadmin Commands... 4-27 The asadmin Utility Domain Commands... 4-28 Target Option... 4-30 The Admin Console... 4-31 Features of the Admin Console... 4-32 GUI Configuring Cluster... 4-33 Node Agent Configuration Modes... 4-35 Node Agent Placeholder... 4-37 Online Node Agent... 4-38 Offline Node Agent... 4-39 The asadmin CLI Node Agent Commands... 4-41 GUI Creating Node Agent Placeholder... 4-42 Domain Backup and Restore... 4-43 Principles of Operation... 4-44 Overview of Administrative Security... 4-45 Transport Security... 4-46 vii

The asadmin Utility Password Security... 4-47 Master Password... 4-48 Password Encryption... 4-49 Deployment... 5-1 Objectives... 5-1 Relevance... 5-2 Additional Resources... 5-3 Key Deployment Features... 5-4 J2EE Technology Deployment API... 5-6 Architecture... 5-8 Deployment Targets... 5-10 Deployment Life Cycle... 5-12 Initial Deployment... 5-13 Enabling and Disabling... 5-14 Adding and Deleting Targets... 5-15 Redeployment... 5-16 Undeployment... 5-18 Other Deployment Features... 5-20 Deployment Methods... 5-22 Deploying an Enterprise Application... 5-23 Auto Deploy... 5-27 Configuring Auto Deploy... 5-29 Directory Deployment... 5-31 DeployTool... 5-33 Deployment Feature Comparison... 5-35 HTTP Load Balancing... 6-1 Objectives... 6-1 Relevance... 6-2 Additional Resources... 6-3 Application Server Load Balancing... 6-4 Load Balancing Methods... 6-5 Sticky Round-Robin Load Balancing... 6-7 Dynamic Load Balancing... 6-9 Features of the Application Server s Load Balancer... 6-11 Health Check Mechanism... 6-14 Quiescing... 6-16 Idempotent URL Retries... 6-18 Configurable Error Pages... 6-20 Principles of Load Balancing... 6-21 Load Balancer Installation... 6-23 HTTP Load Balancer Configuration... 6-24 Creating an HTTP Load Balancer Configuration... 6-26 Deleting an HTTP Load Balancer Configuration... 6-28 viii Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment

Creating and Deleting an HTTP Load Balancer Reference... 6-29 Enabling and Disabling Server Instances for Load Balancing... 6-31 Enabling and Disabling Applications for Load Balancing... 6-32 Creating and Deleting the HTTP Health Checker... 6-33 Generating a Load Balancer Configuration File... 6-35 Setting Up HTTP Load Balancing... 6-37 HTTP Load Balancing Setup Steps... 6-39 Adding a New Instance to Load Balancing... 6-40 Rolling Upgrade Overview... 6-41 Rolling Upgrade in Mixed Mode... 6-42 Rolling Upgrade Inside a Cluster... 6-43 Rolling Upgrade in Non-Mixed Mode... 6-46 Validation of Load Balancer Configuration... 6-48 Load Balancer Logging... 6-49 Configuring the Load Balancer Log... 6-50 Identifying Log Messages... 6-51 Interpreting Log Messages... 6-52 The RequestStart Message... 6-53 The RequestExit Message... 6-54 The UnhealthyInstances Message... 6-55 The FailedOverRequest Message... 6-56 The Quiesced Message... 6-57 HADB Basics...7-1 Objectives... 7-1 Relevance... 7-2 Additional Resources... 7-3 HADB Features... 7-4 Interfaces to HADB... 7-6 HADB Hardware Architecture... 7-7 Protecting Data in the HADB... 7-9 Data Fragmentation and Replication... 7-10 Node Monitoring... 7-11 Fault Tolerance... 7-13 Node Recovery... 7-14 Node Repair... 7-16 Double Network... 7-18 Achieving High Availability... 7-20 Configuring a System for the HADB Database... 7-22 DRU, Host, and Node Configurations... 7-23 HADB Deployment Topology... 7-25 Hardware Configuration... 7-27 Supported OS Versions for HADB V4.4... 7-30 ix

Shared Memory and Semaphore Configuration... 7-31 Performance Considerations... 7-34 Other Considerations... 7-35 HADB Management Architecture Terminology... 7-36 HADB Management Architecture... 7-38 Relationships: Agent, Domain, Database Instance, and Application Server Cluster... 7-40 HADB Directory Structure... 7-41 Configure and Start Management Agent... 7-42 MA Configuration Files... 7-43 An ma.cfg Example... 7-45 Starting the MA... 7-46 Communicating With the MA... 7-48 Performing Simple Management Tasks... 7-51 The hadbm Commands... 7-52 Create a Domain... 7-54 Create a Database... 7-56 Create a Database Example 1 Domain Does Not Exist. 7-58 Create a Database Example 2 Domain Already Exists.. 7-59 Monitor a Database... 7-60 List and Modify Database Configuration Attributes... 7-62 Start and Stop a Database... 7-65 Start and Stop a Node... 7-67 Clear a Database... 7-69 Delete a Database... 7-70 Increase Database Storage Capacity on the Nodes... 7-71 Clear and Archive History Files... 7-72 Manage HADB Software Packages... 7-73 Configuring a Cluster for HA... 7-75 Tasks Performed by the configure-ha-cluster Command... 7-76 HTTP Session Persistence... 8-1 Objectives... 8-1 Relevance... 8-2 Additional Resources... 8-3 Fundamentals of a Session and Session Persistence... 8-4 Session Basics... 8-5 How a Session Works... 8-7 HTTP Session Persistence... 8-9 Session Persistence Subsystem Architecture... 8-11 Supported Features... 8-12 Supported J2EE Object References... 8-14 EJB Technology Reference Failover... 8-16 Distributed Container Semantics... 8-17 x Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment

Session Persistence Mechanisms... 8-18 Persistence Types... 8-19 The memory Persistence Type... 8-20 The file Persistence Type... 8-22 The ha Persistence Type... 8-24 Persistence Frequency... 8-25 Persistence Scope... 8-27 The session Scope... 8-28 The modified-session Scope... 8-29 The modified-attribute Scope... 8-31 Comparison of Persistence Types... 8-33 HA for SSO Sessions... 8-34 Criteria for Distributed Sessions Across Multiple Instances... 8-36 Availability at Different Levels... 8-37 Configuring Session Persistence for HA... 8-38 Creating and Configuring the HA Cluster... 8-39 Enabling HA for an Instance Using the CLI... 8-40 Enabling HA for an Instance Using the GUI... 8-41 Configuring Availability for the Web Container Using the CLI... 8-42 Configuring Availability for the Web Container Using the GUI... 8-43 Making a Web Application Distributable... 8-44 Configuring Availability Settings for a Web Application 8-45 RMI/IIOP Load Balancing and Failover...9-1 Objectives... 9-1 Relevance... 9-2 Additional Resources... 9-3 Basics of RMI/IIOP... 9-4 RMI/IIOP Communication... 9-5 RMI/IIOP Load Balancing and Failover Features... 9-7 Supported Client Types for RMI/IIOP... 9-9 Architecture... 9-10 Load Balancer Sub-System... 9-11 Failover Sub-Systems... 9-13 Server-Side Configuration... 9-15 Properties of a Named Configuration... 9-17 Setting Instance-specific Values... 9-18 Creating an IIOP Listener... 9-20 Creating a Secure IIOP Listener... 9-22 Related CLI Commands... 9-25 Configuring Clients... 9-27 Sample sun-acc.xml File... 9-29 Rolling Upgrade for Applications Accessed by Application Clients... 9-30 xi

EJB Container High Availability... 10-1 Objectives... 10-1 Relevance... 10-2 Additional Resources... 10-3 SFSB Failover Features... 10-4 SFSB Passivation... 10-6 Checkpointing... 10-7 Steps in Checkpointing... 10-9 SFSB Failover Support for Various Deployment Scenarios... 10-10 Transparent Failover... 10-12 Configuring SFSB Failover... 10-14 Availability Hierarchy... 10-15 Availability at Different Levels... 10-16 Instance-Level Availability... 10-18 Container-Level Availability... 10-20 Application and EJB Module-Level Availability... 10-22 Enabling at Bean and Method Levels... 10-24 EJB Timer Service... 10-26 Application Server EE 8.1 EJB Timers... 10-30 EJB Timer Service Configuration... 10-32 Configuring Timer Service Settings... 10-34 EJB Timer Migration... 10-35 Transaction Recovery... 10-37 Server Instance Restarts After Failure... 10-40 RM Failure in the Second Phase... 10-41 Server Instance Fails and Does Not Restart... 10-43 JMS Clustering and Failover... 11-1 Objectives... 11-1 Relevance... 11-2 Additional Resources... 11-3 JMS... 11-4 Message Queue Product Editions... 11-7 Components of a Message Queue Messaging System... 11-9 Message Queue 3.6 Features... 11-11 Multi-Consumer Durable Subscription... 11-14 Message Queue 3.6 Integrating With Application Server... 11-16 Application Server s Built-in JMS... 11-17 Architecture of the Built-in JMS... 11-18 Delivery of Inbound Messages... 11-20 Connector Architecture... 11-22 The ActivationSpec Component... 11-24 Sample MDB Descriptor... 11-26 Resource Adapter Features... 11-27 xii Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment

JMS Configuration... 11-29 JMS Configuration GUI... 11-31 Types of JMS... 11-33 JMS Connection Pool... 11-35 Connection Failover... 11-37 Multi-Broker Clusters... 11-39 Multi-Broker Cluster Architecture... 11-41 Multi-Broker Cluster Architecture... 11-42 Multi-Broker Cluster Configuration... 11-44 Out-of-Box Scenario... 11-46 Dedicated Brokers... 11-47 Multi-Broker Cluster Deployment... 11-48 MQ and Application Server Clustering Normal... 11-49 MQ and Application Server Clustering Server Instance Failure... 11-50 MQ and Application Server Clustering Server Instance Restart... 11-51 MQ and Application Server Clustering Broker Failure... 11-52 Failover of a Durable Subscription... 11-53 Multi-Broker Cluster Performance... 11-55 Upgrade and Migration...12-1 Objectives... 12-1 Relevance... 12-2 Additional Resources... 12-3 Application Server Compatibility Web Server... 12-4 Application Server Compatibility 7.1 to 8.1... 12-6 Upgrading to Application Server SE/EE 8.1... 12-10 Server Configuration Migration... 12-11 Upgrade Version Support... 12-12 Supported Features of Upgrade Tool... 12-13 Non-Supported Features of Upgrade Tool... 12-17 Upgrading Clusters... 12-19 Application Migration Issues... 12-22 Migrating From Earlier Versions... 12-25 Migrating From Earlier Versions DDs... 12-26 Migrating From Earlier Versions Servlets and JSP Pages... 12-28 Migrating From Earlier Versions Web Application Modules... 12-30 Migrating From Earlier Versions Migrating EJB Modules... 12-32 Migrating From Earlier Versions EJB 1.1 to EJB 2.1... 12-34 Migrating From Earlier Versions Migrating EJB Clients... 12-36 Migrating From Earlier Versions JDBC API Code... 12-37 xiii

Migrating From Earlier Versions HTTP Session Failover... 12-38 Migrating From Earlier Versions Enterprise Applications... 12-39 Java AVK Enterprise... 12-40 Migration Tool... 12-41 Migration Tool Input... 12-43 Migration Tool GUI... 12-45 Migration Report... 12-47 Post-Migration Tasks... 12-49 Tuning Performance... 13-1 Objectives... 13-1 Relevance... 13-2 Additional Resources... 13-3 Performance Roles of Key Web Components... 13-4 Performance Tuning... 13-7 Tuning Applications... 13-9 Version Consistency... 13-10 Request Partitioning... 13-12 Read-Only Beans... 13-14 Relationship Prefetch... 13-16 Tuning Application Server... 13-17 Tuning the EJB Container... 13-18 Tunables of EJB Objects... 13-19 EJB Pool Parameters... 13-22 EJB Cache Parameters... 13-24 SFSB Cache... 13-28 Remote Interfaces and Local Interfaces... 13-29 Using Local Interfaces... 13-30 Parameter Passing... 13-31 Tuning Other Resources... 13-33 Tuning Log and Deployment Settings... 13-35 General Tuning Tips... 13-37 Tuning Application Server for HA... 13-39 JDBC API Connection Pool for HA... 13-40 Tuning the Connection Pool When SSO Is Enabled... 13-41 Impact of Session Size on Performance... 13-42 HTTP Session Persistence Frequency... 13-44 HTTP Session Persistence Scope... 13-46 Other HTTP Session Tuning Considerations... 13-47 SFSB Checkpointing... 13-48 Load Balancer Tuning... 13-49 Tuning the HADB... 13-51 OS Configurations... 13-52 Disk Usage... 13-54 xiv Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment

HADB-specific Parameters... 13-56 HADB Tuning Scenarios... 13-58 Useful Performance Tuning Tools... 13-60 Troubleshooting...14-1 Objectives... 14-1 Additional Resources... 14-3 Resources for Identifying Problems... 14-4 Log Files... 14-6 Console Messages... 14-9 Application Server SE/EE 8.1 Processes... 14-10 The JVM Process Thread Dump... 14-12 Core Dump... 14-14 Problems in Application Server 8.1... 14-16 Prerequisite JDK Software Installation... 14-18 Cannot Install Load Balancer to New Web Server Instance... 14-19 Application Server 8.1 Start Problems... 14-21 Network Connection... 14-22 Port Conflicts... 14-24 Administrative Client Problems... 14-25 The asadmin Utility... 14-26 Cannot Access the Admin Console... 14-27 Application Server Problems... 14-29 Auto Deploy... 14-30 Auto Deploy Configuration GUI... 14-31 HTTP Session Failover Not Working... 14-33 Troubleshooting Server Hang Problems... 14-35 Troubleshooting Server Crash Problems... 14-37 Troubleshooting Server Crash Problems... 14-38 Troubleshooting JVM Process Problems... 14-39 Troubleshooting JVM Process Problems... 14-40 Load Balancer Errors... 14-42 Load Balancer Files Not Found... 14-43 Load Balancer Timeout Period Problems... 14-44 Dynamic Reconfiguration Fails... 14-46 HADB Problems... 14-47 HADB Database Creation Fails... 14-48 HADB Administration Errors... 14-51 The hadbm Command Fails: The agents <url> could not be reached... 14-52 The hadbm Command Fails: JAVA_HOME not defined 14-53 The create Command Fails: Path does not exist on a host... 14-54 The hadbm createdomain Command Fails... 14-55 xv

The hadbm Command Does Not Return Control to the User... 14-56 Database Does Not Start... 14-58 Database Restart Problems... 14-60 HADB Management Agent Crashes... 14-61 HADB Holding on to Shared Memory... 14-62 Double Node Failure... 14-63 The create-session-store Command Fails... 14-65 Session Data Corrupted... 14-67 Performance Problems... 14-68 xvi Sun Java System Application Server SE/EE 8.1 2005Q2: Administration and Deployment