I. An Intro to ArcMap Version 9.3 and 10 What is Arc Map? 1) Arc Map is basically a build your own Google map a. Display and manage geo-spatial data (maps, images, points that have a geographic location) and metadata (data associated with locations, like an excel table) i. Ex: Geologic map, census data, Lat Long coordinates with your sample data or filed photos b. Perform calculations on raster data, query geo-spatial data 2) Types of Data: a. Raster a grid of x,y,z data. Analogous to.bmp (or a Matlab array!) but with a coordinate system b. Shapefile - point, polyline, polygon vector data. Analogous to the shapes you can draw in Illustrator or Powerpoint, but referenced to a coordinate system c. Drawings points, lines, text annotations that have no geographic association; Analogous to shapes drawn in PowerPoint or Word 3) View Modes: a. Data View the working mode while editing your map b. Layout View the display mode for exporting a final map 1
II. Changing Colors and Line Weights, and Display Options (Version 9.3 and 10) --------------------------------- Determine what data are associated with the shapefile in the Attribute Table a. In the Layers Panel Right click on the name of the layer and select Open Attribute Table ----------------------------------- In the Layers Panel, right click on the name of data set you want to modify Select Properties a. This will bring up a dialogue box with multiple tabs: 1) Source Tab b. Full file pathname/ directory c. Projetion information d. Extent e. Format and NoData value 2) Symbology Tab a. can change the symbol, color, line weight etc b. Types of Color Schemes for Shapefiles i. Features 1. All data are displayed as one color/ symbol 2. Ex: Black square and all sample locations ii. Categories 1. Data can be coded to a particular field in the Attribute table so that there are multiple symbols 2. ex: Forrest land is green and water is blue iii. Quantities 1. Can scale symbol size or color based on an Attribute Field 2. Ex: Dot size is small for low Chloride concentrations and large for high concentrations iv. Multiple Attributes 1. Set both color and size to change proportional to an Attribute Field 2. Ex: Dot size increases with City Population density and colors change based on that cities mean citizen age 3) Display a. Can set transparency of a layer b. Can use hyperlinks link a data point to a photo or image file 4) Labels a. Add Labels to map layers based on an Attribute Field (check the box for Label features in this layer ) 2
III. Some Tools for Making a Geologic Map Editing Shapefiles (Different in Versions 9.3 and 10) SAVE EDITS FREQUENTLY! there is no autosave! Version 9.3 A) Drawing points, lines, and polygons Edit the Shapefile / Editor Mode Editor Edit Tool Pencil Task Target Dropdown Dropdown Dropdown 1) Go to the Editor toolbar. Select Start Editing from the Editor drop down menu a. You will be prompted to select the folder which contains the shapefile you wish to edit. i. Problems? Editor toolbar not there or not working? 1. If the toolbar is not there, add it: View toolbars, 2. If it is there but all the options are grayed out, turn on the Editor extension: Tools extensions 2) In the Target drop down tab in the Editor Toolbar, select the name of the shapefile you wish to edit. 3) In the Task dropdown menu, select Create New Feature 4) Begin drawing in data with the Pencil a. The Pencil tool will add points for point shapefiles, and draws in line segments (joined at a vertex) for polylines and polygons. b. To erase your last point. i. Ctrl+Z or Edit > undo work c. Double click to close/end a polygon or line 5) When you are finished editing, Select Save Edits from the Editor dropdown toolbar 6) Then Select Stop Editing from the Editor dropdown 3
Version 10 A) Drawing points, lines, and polygons Edit the Shapefile / Editor Mode Editor Edit Tool Trace Edit Vertices Create Features Window Dropdown 1) Go to the Editor toolbar. Select Start Editing from the Editor drop down menu a. You will be prompted to select the folder which contains the shapefile you wish to edit. 2) in the Create Features window, select the same of the shapefile you wish to edit 3) under the Construction Tools window, select the type of shape you wish to draw (line, freehand line, circle etc) a. If using line, click once to place a control point and create a line segment. double click to end line. Use ctrl+z to undo a control point. b. If using freehand or other shape, click once to begin drawing, click a second time to end drawing 5) When you are finished editing, select Save Edits from the Editor Dropdown toolbar. 6) Then select Stop Editing from the Editor Dropdown 4
Version 9.3 B) Modifying things that are already drawn Editing Tools 1) To change the shape of a feature that has already been drawn a. In the Editor Tooolbar, in the Task dropdown menu, select Modify Feature b. Use the Edit Tool arrow to select the feature to modify. When you select it, the vertices of the feature will be shown. c. You can select and drag the vertices to modify the shape of the feature 2) To delete a vertex a. Change the editing task to Modify Feature b. Use the Editor Tool arrow to elect the line segment that you want to edit c. Right click on the vertex and select Delete Vertex 3) To add a vertex a. Set the editing task to Modify Feature b. Use the Editor Tool arrow to elect the line segment that you want to edit c. Right click where you want to add a vertex point and select Insert Vertex 4) Trace tool - will create a new line by tracing part of an existing line a. Select the feature to trace with the Edit Tool b. Click the drop down menu next to the Pencil, c. Select the Trace Tool d. Click on the outline of the feature where you want to begin tracing, and drag the cursor along the boundary of the feature to trace the element. e. Single click to stop tracing f. You can then switch back to the pen tool to continue drawing the rest of the feature 5
Version 10 B) Modifying things that are already drawn Editing Tools Edit Tool 1) To change the shape of a feature that has already been drawn a. Use the Edit Tool arrow to select the feature to modify. b. In the editor toolbar select the Edit Vertices icon. When you select it, the vertices of the feature will be shown and the Edit Vertices toolbar will appear. c. You can select and drag the vertices to modify the shape of a feature. Add vertex Delete Vertex 2) To delete a vertex a. As above, use the Edit Tool arrow to select the feature to modify, and select the Edit Vertices icon. the Edit Vertices toolbar will appear. b. Right click on a vertex and select Delete Vertex or select the Delete Vertex icon in the Edit Vertices toolbar, then click on the vertex to delete. 3) To add a vertex a. As above, use the Edit Tool arrow to select the feature to modify, and select the Edit Vertices icon. the Edit Vertices toolbar will appear. b. Right click where you want to add a vertex and select Insert Vertex or select the Insert Vertex icon in the Edit Vertices toolbar, then click where you want to add a vertex. 4) Trace tool - will create a new line by tracing part of an existing line a. Select the Trace Tool from the Editor Toolbar. An additional editor toolbar will appear. b. Click on the outline of the feature where you want to begin tracing, and drag the cursor along the boundary of the feature to trace the element. c. Single click to stop tracing d. If you wish to continue the trace to another feature, click on it and drag the cursor to trace. e. You can then switch back to the line segment tool to continue drawing a feature using the additional editor toolbar. 6
C) Edit the Attribute Table (Version 9.3 and 10) 1) Add data to table (ex: add strike and dip data; add point names for individual GPS data points) a. In the Editor Toolbar, select Start Editing, if not in an editor session b. Select the layer to edit if you are prompted c. Right click on the layer in the Layer Pallette and open the Attribute Table d. Edit data columns in the attribute table 2) Add fields (ex: add a Point Name or Location field for GPS data): a. Must NOT be in an Editor mode (if you are, Stop Editing) b. Open Attribute Table i. right click on layer name, and select open attribute table c. Select Options button d. Select Add Field i. Choose the field type (text, number etc) IV. Adding X,Y data from GPS coordinates in a text file (Version 9.3 and 10) 1) Create a text file that contains columns with the x,y position data (in UTM coordinates or decimal degree format) and any associated data (ie elevations, quantities, etc.). a. This must be tab delimited. It must have a have a header row that contains x (or long) and y (or lat) data separated by tabs b. This file must habe no other formatting. WordPad is a good program for this. Text edit, notepad, and exporting from Excel often do not work. EX: -------------------------------------- x y 141.0006333 37.19248333 141.0008 37.19221667 141.0005833 37.19166667 -------------------------------------- 2) In Version 9.3 go to the Tools drop-down menu, select Add xy data. In Version 10, go to File Add Data Add XY Data a. Select the name of the text file. b. Check that the X and Y fields are correct c. Set the reference frame/ projection i. Click the Edit button and Choose Select ii. For this example select Geographic Coordinate systems, then WGS84 d. Click Add and OK 7
3) The xy data will be added as an event layer. To convert this to a shapefile: a. right click on the events layer in the layers palette and select Data, then Export Data V. How to Export a Final Map with Legend, Scale etc (Version 9.3 and 10) 1) Switch your view to the Layout Mode 2) Use the zoom tools and Pan hand to center the map as desired 3) Once you have set the map view they way you want it you can save that view by Bookmarking it a. Go to the Bookmark Drop Down menu b. Select Create and give it a name c. You can return to this view later by selecting Bookmark and choosing the name of your bookmark 4) Change the extent of the map area by going to the View dropdown menu and selecting Data Frame Properties a. Select the Size and Position Tab b. Change the wide and height of your map frame 5) Add Legend a. Go to the Insert Drop down menu b. Select Legend i. Select which Items you wish to appear int eh legend ii. Click on the Properties tab to change display option 6) Insert Title, North Arrow, Scale bar a. Go to the Insert Dropdown menu b. Choose the item to insert c. Select the type of object and modify properties 7) Export Map a. Go to the File dropdown menu b. Select Export Map c. Choose file type i. PDF recommended ii. Can also export to Adobe Illustrator for additional editing iii. Make sure resolution is high enough (150 dpi or more is usually ok) 8
VI. Making a Site Location Map/ Importing GPS points Example1: Location Map for the US/ North America Preloaded ArcGIS Data are stored in two general locations: a. C:\ Program Files\ ArcGIS\ Bin\TemplateData\TempateData.gdb i. Double click on the TemplateData.gdb file (a geo-database file) ii. There are two categories, USA and World iii. Double Click on USA and you will find all the pre-loaded USA shapefiles b. C:\ Program Files\ ArcGIS\ ArcGlobeData i. This folder contains a shapefile of the outline of the continents (continent.shp) ii. And a shaded relief image of the World (wsiearth.tif) Make a Location Map: a. Open a New Blank Document b. Select Add Data (File Add Data) a. Navigate to C:\ Program Files\ ArcGIS\ Bin\TemplateData\TempateData.gdb b. Add the following shapefiles i. States, ii. Neighcountry Change the color of the States and Neighboring Countries: a. Right click on the name of the shapefile in the Layers Palette c. Select Properties d. Click the Symbology tab i. Click on the Symbol box to change its line width and color Add a lat/long Point Location as a drawing feature: a. Select the Go To XY button screen Shot> b. Type in the Longitude and Latitude of Whipple Dam ( -77, 40 ) c. Select Add Point d. Use the Drawing toolbar arrow to edit the point 9
Example 2: Location Map of IODP core data *Open a New Blank Document Import a text file with locations of IODP cores a. Copy these into a text editor and save as a tab-delimited text file (WordPad recommended). b. Import these GPS points as a Shapefile following directions in Section IV long lat Expedition Site -168.24 44.6897 ODP145 886-147.9332 26.0296 ODP199 1215-152.865 6.0010 DSDP8 69 172.3443 5.5572 ODP144 871-149.40343-17.48862 IODP310 M0009-177.3937-46.5797 ODP181 1122 174.626-74.5382 DSDP28 273-98.7867-69.0535 DSDP35 324 3.0999-64.517 ODP113 689 76.3825-68.387 ODP19 741 140.07-61.6762 DSDP28 269 88.718-11.3386 DSDP22 214-11.7392-1.3902 ODP108 662-53.353 39.248 DSDP43 383 Add ArcGIS tamplate data for world maps a. Navigate to C:\ Program Files\ ArcGIS\ ArcGlobeData b. Add the raster wsiearth.tiff c. Add the shapefile Continent.shp a. Change the symbology of the Continent layer so that only the outlines of the continents are visible Change the Map Projection: a. In the Layers Panel, right-click on the word Layers and select Properties b. Select the Coordinate System Tab c. In the Select Coordinate System box expand the Options for Predefined d. Try out several map projections under Projected Coordinate System : i. Open the World menu 1. Select Mercator; then hit apply 2. Also try Polyconic; and Craster Parabolic ii. Specialized Projection - Zoom in on Antarctica 1. Choose Polar Tab under the Porjected Coordinate Systems 2. Select South Pole Azimuthal Equidistant e. Choose your favorite projection and set up a map to export (in the Layout View Mode) 10
Appendix A: Places You Can Download GIS Data for Free Pennsylvania: 1) PASDA Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access provides specialized data for Pennsylvania www.pasda.psu.edu - Aerial Photography - Elevation Data (DEMS) - Topographic maps - Watershed data - Roads, traffic data, borough planning data, school districs - Major rivers 2) PA DCNR Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, provides geologic and other data for PA www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/pamap/imagery/index.htm - Geologic Map of PA - Aerial Photography - Elevation Data (DEMS) - LiDAr DEMS - ~1m resolution - Roads and transportation data - Political boundaries - Buildings, Geodetic monuments - Land Cover - aerial imagery 3) Other sate Surveys often have specialized data for their state United States 4) USGS U.S. Geologic Survey provides continuous, seamless data for the US seamless.usgs.gov (or the interactive map server at http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless.viewer.htm ) - Elevation data (1 arc second (~30m) and 1/3 arc second (~10m) resolution) - Political Boundaries - Roads 11
- Land Use Data - Census Data - Hydrography data - Satellite Imagery - Impervious land surface - Forest and vegetation cover - Congressional districts USGS Hazards???? 5) Mapmart.com - DEMs - air photos and satellite imagery - demographic data - topo maps - street maps - energy data * not all of this data is free! World DEMs and Bathymetry 5) NASA - provides satellite imagery of the world and land-only world DEMS SRTM - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/ - 90m (approx) resolution DEMS for the world, - downloadable in 1x1 degree blocks - Requires conversion to Arc format 6) NOAA provides land elevation and bathymetry DEM data, as well as a shaded relief image of the world ETPOPO 1 and ETOPO 2 data sets www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo2.html www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html 12