Magnetic Tape as the Mass Storage Medium Ted Schwarz Peregrine Recording Technologies 1462 Tamberwood Trail, St Paul MN 55125-3363 Phone: +1-651 651-730 730-4862; FAX: +1-612 612-331 331-1211 1211 e-mail: TedSchwarz@aol aol.com Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Embassy Suites Hotel Denver South Englewood CO 80112 on June 27, 2000 7/9/00 1
2
Density/Capacity Cost Performance (Data Rate) Key Technologies Summary 3
1. Magnetic Disk Drive Cost/bit 2. Total Volumetric Density Not Areal Density Archival Storage Density 3. Thru-put 4
3 2 5
2 3 3 3 (2 b/um 3 ) 6
track density: 20,000 tpi 787 tpmm linear density: 300,000 bpi 11,811 bpmm areal density: 6.00 Gb/in 2 9.30 Mb/mm 2 layer density: 5,000 lpi 197 lpmm vol density: 3.80 TB/in 3 229 MB/mm 3 LTO Cartridge: tape width: 0.50 inches 12.70 mm tape length: 5512 feet 1,680 m total area: 230 ft 2 21.34 m 2 volume: 4.71 in 3 77,183 mm 3 user efficiency: 70% 70% CAPACITY: 12.53 TB 12.53 TB THIC-0627.XLS 7
3.8 TB/in 28 GB/in 3 LAYER LINEAR TRACK 300 200 100 TRACK DENSITY (trks/inch) BIT DENSITY (kbpi) 750 20,000 nasa00301-2 density increase GROWTH RATE 8
30,000 10,000 ATS LTO TRACK DENSITY (tpi) 1000 100 3570 3590 3490E 3420 3480 10 1.0 10 100 1000 THIC6-Density Migration Path.tas LINEAR DENSITY (kbpi) 9
2 Gb/in 100 10 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 3420 3480 HDD 3570 3590 3490E THIC4-0627-1 0.00001 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 General Availability Year 10
100 10 ATS 2 Gb/in 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 3420 HDD 3480 3570 3590 3490E THIC4-0627-1 LTO 0.00001 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 General Availability Year 11
1000 Tape Drives 100 Cost (OEM/Integrator) - $/GB) 10 1 0.1 0.01 Disk Drives Tape Media Only Performance Disk Subsystems 0.001 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 General Availability Year THIC-0627-3 - Costs(1) 08 10 12
1000 Tape Drives 100 Cost (OEM/Integrator) - $/GB) 10 1 0.1 0.01 Disk Drives Tandberg SLR50 On-Stream Drive On-Stream Cart Tape Media Only Performance Disk Subsystems 0.001 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 General Availability Year THIC-0627-3A Costs(1) 08 10 13
1000 100 Original Estimate Tape Drives Cost (OEM/Integrator) - $/GB) 10 1 0.1 0.01 Disk Drives Tandberg SLR50 On-Stream Drive On-Stream Cart Original Estimate Tape Media Only Performance Disk Subsystems 0.001 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 General Availability Year THIC-0627-3B Costs(2) 08 10 14
LINEAR RECORDING READ TRACK AZIMUTH RECORDING READ TRACK FOR THE SAME READ TRACK WIDTH & PERFORMANCE, AZIMUTH RECORDING CURRENTLY HAS A 2:1 ADVANTAGE IN TRACK DENSITY. AS THE TRACK DENSITY INCREASES FASTER THAN THE LINEAR DENSITY AND THE TAPE SUBSTRATE DIMENSIONAL STABILITY IMPROVES THAT ADVANTAGE WILL SHRINK TOWARDS A 1:1 RATIO. THIC-0627-4 Recording Method 15
read rvrs write rvrs 90 Head Structure tape motion write fwd. read fwd. tape motion nasa00301d-heads 16
Data Rate vs. Speed and No. of Elements 10000 Data Rate (Mb/sec) 8000 6000 4000 assumes 300 kbpi 32 16 1.00 0.75 0.50 GB/sec 2000 8 Linear (1) 0.25 1000 Helical(2) 0.125 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 m/s 0.0 200 400 600 800 1000 ips HEAD-TO-MEDIA SPEED 3820 7640 11460 15280 19100RPM* * 25 mm hub THICKK-0627-5 Data Rate 17
GB/SEC 100 10.1.01 32 channels data rate transfer time single channel data rate transfer time hours 1000 100 10 days 40.0 4.0 0.4 TRANSFER TIME 300 kbpi.001 0 5 10 15 20 25 TAPE SPEED (M/SEC) THIC4A-Data Rate & Transfer Time.tas 18 1.0
min. 100K 1000 hr (41.6 days) 10 days 10K 100 hr 1 day 1K 10 hr 1.0 Gb/sec 10 TB 100 1 hr 1 TB 10. 1.0 ASSUMES 100 % DUTY CYCLE 100 GB 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10K Data Rate (MB/sec) 19 THIC4B
250 D6 200 PRICE ($000) 150 100 HELICAL 50 MAMMOTH & DVC (6 MB/S) LINEAR 0.1 1.0 10.0 100 200 DATA RATE (MBYTES/SEC) atp527 20 D5 400 ips 16 ch 32 ch
3480 gs ccp THIC7-head contours 21
TAPE MOTION THIC-0627-8 Head Layouts 200 UM < 5 UM 400 UM TWO PLANAR COIL ELEMENTS 22
High Data More Rate Channels Wider Spans Greater TMR Lower Track DensitiesSmaller Capacity Massive CapacityHigher Track Densities Smaller TMR Smaller Span Fewer Channels Lower Data Rate THIC-0627-6 Pardox 23
Dimensionally Stable Substrate Closely Spaced Channels Low noise media Maintain intrinsic SNR Reduced surface roughness Mech. Alignment & Tolerance Compensation 24
READ GAP SUBSTRATE (500-750 um) ~30 um TRACK (CURRENT) WRITE GAP 1.27 um TRACK (20,000 tpi) SKEW/ AZIMUTH OFFSET & WEAVE 10X MECHANICAL & PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC OFFSETS SKEW & AZIMUTH 20ktpi Same Gap R/W THIC-0627-9 R-W Separation 25
3.8 TB/in 28 GB/in 3 LAYER LINEAR TRACK 300 200 100 TRACK DENSITY (trks/inch) BIT DENSITY (kbpi) 750 20,000 nasa00301-2 density increase GROWTH RATE 26
Higher Coercivity (> 2500 Oe) Improved SNR/unit width Reduced Defects Smaller Particles Smoother Surfaces Thinner Magnetic Layer ( <.05 um) Multi-layers Metal Film Perpendicular? 27
Reduced Dimensional Instability 1000 PPM 100-200 PPM Humidity Temperature Tension Creep/Compliance High T G (For Metal Film) Thinner ( 4 um 2 um?) Smoother Stronger 28
LAYER DENSITY BIT DENSITY SUBSTR SUBSTR MAG COAT CHNNL MAG COAT HEADS TRACK DENSITY CHNNL SUBSTR SERVO HEADS VOLUMETRIC DENSITY CHNNL HEADS SUBSTR SERVO ISTS-Contributions 29
6 Gb/in 2 ---- 3.8 TB/in 3 > 3X Bit Density ~25X Track Density 30
Data Rate Substrate Dimensional Stability Head Complexity/Span Mechanical Tracking Tape Speed Head Wear Handling Tape Durability 31
-Jim Hughes StorageTek NASA Mass Storage Conference April 2000 32