Mark Sportack Walter J. Glenn Sams' Teach Yourself MCSE Netwoking Essentials SAMS PUBLISHING IN 14 DAYS Sams Publishing is an independant entity from Microsoft Corporation, and not affiliated with Microsoft Corporation in any manner. This publication may be used in assisting students to prepare for a Microsoft Certified Professional Exam. Neither Microsoft Corporation, its designated review company, nor Sams Publishing warrants that use of this publication will ensure passing the relevant Exam. Microsoft is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Contents Introduction 2 Who Should Read This Book 2 HowThis Book is Organized 2 Hardware and Software Needed for This Book 4 Understanding What the "Networking Essentials" Exam (#70-58) Covers 5 Standards and Terminology 6 Planning 6 Implementation 7 Troubleshooting 7 Tips for the Exam 7 1 How to Become an MCSE 10 1.1. Overview of the MCSE Process 11 1.1.1. Charting Your Course 11 1.1.2. Registering for the Exams 13 1.2. How to Pass MCSE Exams 14 1.2.1. Identifying Exam Topics 14 1.2.2. Dissecting Exam Questions 15 1.2.3. The Day of the Exam 17 1.3. How to Pass This Test 18 2 Introduction to Network Models and Components 20 2.1. Overview 20 2.1.1. Objectives 21 2.2. Networking Basics 22 2.2.1. Transmission Facilities 22 2.2.2. Access Devices 23 2.2.3. Connection Concentrators 23 2.2.4. Software Components 24 2.3. The Evolution of Networks 26 2.4. The OSI Reference Model 28 2.4.1. Layer 1: The Physical Layer 29 2.4.2. Layer 2: The Data Link Layer 30 2.4.3. Layer 3: The Network Layer 31 2.4.4. Layer 4: The Transport Layer 32 2.4.5. Layer 5: The Session Layer 32 2.4.6. Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 32 2.4.7. Layer 7: The Application Layer 33 2.4.8. The Model's Usage 33 2.5. The IEEE Network Reference Model 35 2.5.1. The IEEE 802 Series of Standards 35 2.5.2. The IEEE 802 Reference Model 36 2.6. NDIS and ODI 37 Lab 38 Questions 38
3 Network Types and Topologies 42 3.1. Overview 42 3.1.1. Objectives 43 3.1. LAN-Attached Devices 44 3.1.1. File Servers 45 3.1.2. Print Servers 46 3.1.3. Application Servers 41 3.2. Network Types 48 3.2.1. Peer-to-Peer Networks 48 3.2.2. Client/Server Networks 52 3.2.3. Combination Networks 54 3.3. LAN Topologies 54 3.3.1. Bus Topology 55 3.3.2. Ring Topology 56 3.3.3. Star Topology 58 3.3.4. Switches and Topology 58 Lab 61 Questions 61 4 Transmission Media 64 4.1. Overview 64 4.1.1. Objectives 65 4.2. The Fundamentals of Data Transmission 66 4.2.1. Bandwidth 68 4.3. Distance Implications 70 4.3.1. Attenuation 70 4.3.2. Distortion 72 4.4. Tangible Transmission Media 74 4.4.1. Coaxial Cable 74 4.4.2. Unshielded Twisted-Pair 76 4.4.3. Shielded Twisted-Pair 78 4.4.4. Twisted-Pair Crossover Cable 79 4.4.5. Fiber Optic Cable 81 4.5. Wireless LANs 84 4.5.1. Wireless Station Connectivity 84 4.5.2. Wireless Peer-to-Peer Connectivity 85 4.5.3. Wireless Hub Interconnectivity 85 4.5.4. Wireless Bridges 86 4.6. Wireless Transmission Technologies 87 4.6.1. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) 88 4.6.2. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 89 4.6.3. Single Band Radio Frequency 90 4.6.4.. Direct Infrared 90 4.6.5 Diffuse Infrared 90 4.6.6. Laser 91
vi I Teach Yourself MCSE Networking Essentials in 14 Days Lab 92 Questions 92 Applying Your Knowledge 93 5 Media Access 96 5.1. Overview 96 5.1.1. Objectives 97 5.2. Media Access 98 5.3. Contention-based Media Access 98 5.3.1. Implications of Contention-based Media Access 99 5.3.2. Timing Is Everything 100 5.4. Token-based Media Access 103 5.4.1. Token Ring 103 5.4.2. FDDI 104 5.5. Demand-priority Media Access 106 5.6. Accessing Media in a Switched LAN 107 5.6.1. Switching Contention-based Networks 108 5.6.2. Switching Token-Passing Networks 109 5.7. Connecting to the LAN 109 5.7.1. Network Interface Cards (NICs) 109 5.7.2. Network Device Drivers 110 Lab Ill Questions 111 6 LAN Architectures 114 6.1. Overview 114 6.1.1. Objectives 115, 6.2. Ethernet 116 6.2.1. IEEE Layered Functions 118 6.2.2. Physical Implementations 120 6.2.3. Basic Limitations 123 6.2.4. Topologies 124 6.3. Token Ring 125 6.3.1. Standardization oftoken Ring 125 6.3.2. Physical Components 126 6.3.3. Topologies 127 6.4. FDDI 128 6.4.1. Functional Components 128 6.4.2. Transmission Media 130 6.4.3. Building FDDI Networks 131 6.4.4. Port Types and Attachment Methods 133 6.4.5. Topologies and Implementations 136 6.5. ATM 142 6.5.1. Connection Types 143 6.5.2. Local Area Network Emulation (LANE) 144
Contents. vii 6.6.ARCnet 147 Lab 148 Questions 148 Applying Your Knowledge 150 7 Network Protocols 152 7.1. Overview 152 7.1.1. Objectives 153 7.2. Protocol Stacks 154 7.3. The Internet Protocol, Version 4 (IPv4) 156 7.3.1. Application Layer 158 7.3.2. Host-to-Host Layer 158 7.3.3. Internet Layer 158 7.3.4. IP Addressing Scheme 159 7.3.5. TCP/IP's Future 161 7.4. The Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) 161 7.4.1. IPv6 Unicast Address Structures 162 7.4.2. IPv6 Transitional Unicast Address Structures 163 7.4.3. IPv6 Anycast Address Structures 164 7.4.4. IPv6 Multicast Address Structures 165 7.5. Novell's IPX/SPX 165 7.5.1. Application Layer 166 7.5.2. Internet Layer 166 7.5.3. Medium Access and Data Link Layers 167 7.5.4. IPX Addressing 167 7.6. Apple Corporation's AppleTalk Protocol Suite 168 7.6.1. Appletalk Application Layer 169 7.6.2. AppleTalk Session Layer 169 7.6.3. AppleTalk Transport Layer 170 7.6.4. AppleTalk Datagram Delivery Layer 171 7.6.5. AppleTalk Data Link Layer 172 7.6.6. AppleTalk Addressing Scheme 172 7.7. NetBEUI 173 7.8. DECnet 175 Lab 176 Questions 176 8 Network Design 180 8.1. Overview 180 8.1.1. Objectives 181 8.2. Analyzing Needs 182 8.2.1. Scale 182 8.2.2. Distance 182 8.2.3. Resources 183
viii I Teach Yourself MCSE Networking Essentials in 14 Days 8.3. Choosing Software 184 8.3.1. Client Operating Systems 184 8.3.2. Server Operating System 185 8.3.3. Network Operating System 185 8.3.4. Networking Protocols 186 8.4. Hardware and Media Considerations 187 8.4.1. How Hardware and Software Interact 187 8.4.2. Choosing Hardware 190 8.4.3. Media Considerations 191 8.4.4. Connecting LANs 193 8.4.5. Network Adapters 195 8.5. Lab 197 Questions 197 Exercises 199 9 Network Server and Client Setup 202 9.1. Overview 202 9.1.1. Objectives 203 9.2. The Server-Based Network 204 9.2.1. Network Operating Systems 204 9.2.2. Role of the Client 207 9.2.3. Role of the Server 207 9.3. Installing Windows NT 208 9.3.1. Hardware Requirements 208 9.3.2. Partitioning Your Hard Drive 209 9.3.3. Naming Your Computer 210 9.3.4. Defining the Role Your Computer Will Play 210 9.3.5. Configuring a Network Interface Card 211 9.3.6. Setting Up the Protocol Stack 212 9.4. Setting Up Basic Network Services 214 9.4.1. Network Printing 214 9.4.2. File Sharing 218 9.4.3. Network Fax and Modem Access 221 9.5. Network Applications 222 9.5.1. Email 222 9.5.2. Group Scheduling 223 9.5.3. Groupware 224 9.6. The Client/Server Model 225 9.6.1. The Client 225 9.6.2. The Server 226 Lab 227 Questions 227 10 Network Administration 232 10.1. Overview 232 10.1.1. Objectives 233
Contents. ix 10.2. Administrator Responsibilities 234 10.3. The Network Environment 234 10.3.1. User Account Setup and Modification 234 10.3.2. Group Account Setup and Modification 237 10.4. Network Performance Issues 239 10.4.1. Monitoring Network Performance 240 10.4.2. Windows NT Performance Monitor 240 10.4.3. SNMP 242 10.5. Network Security 242 10.5.1. Setting a Security Policy 242 10.5.2. Planning Physical Security 243 10.5.3. Assigning Passwords and Access Permissions 244 10.5.4. Planning an Audit Policy 246 10.5.5. Using Encryption 249 10.5.6. Using Virus Protection 250 10.6. Avoiding Data Loss - 250 10.6.1. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) 251 10.6.2. Tape Backup Systems 251 10.6.3. Fault-Tolerant Systems 252 10.6.4. Planning for Disaster Recovery 255 Lab 256 Questions 256 Exercises 258 11 Remote Access 260 11.1. Overview 260 11.1.1. Objectives 261 11.2. Modems 262 11.2.1. Types of Modems 264 11.2.2. Carriers 266 11.3. Remote Access Software 266 11.3.1. Microsoft Remote Access Service 267 Lab 268 Questions 268 12 Expanding the Network 272 12.1. Overview 272 12.1.1. Objectives 273 12.2. Increasing the Network's Diameter 274 12.2.1. Extending the Bus 274 12.2.2. Adding a Repeater 275 12.2.3. Mixing Transmission Media 277 12.3. Increasing the Number of Devices 278 12.3.1. Adding Taps 278 12.3.2. Adding Multiport Repeaters 279
x i Teach Yourself MCSE Networking Essentials in 14 Days 12.4. Segmentation 280 12.4.1. Bridge 281 12.4.2. Switch 286 12.4.3. Router 287 12.4.4. Gateway 290 Lab 293 Questions 293 Applying Your Knowledge 295 13 Wide Area Networks (WANs) 296 13.1. Overview 296 13.1.1. Objectives 297 13.2. WAN Overview 298 13.3. Circuit-Switched Networking 299 13.3.1. Dial-up Telephone Lines 299 13.3.2. ISDN 300 13.3.3. Switched 56 301 13.4. Dedicated Circuit Networking 301 13.4.1. Dedicated Analog Lines 302 13.4.2. T-Carrier Services 302 13.5. Packet-Switched Networking 303 13.5.1. The X.25 Protocol 305 13.5.2. Frame Relay 305 13.5.3. Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) 306 13.6. Advanced WAN Technologies 308 13.6.1. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 308 13.6.2. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) 309 13.6.3. Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) 312 13.7. Planning a WAN 312 13.7.1. Scale 313 13.7.2. Distance 313 13.7.3. Speed and Cost 314 Lab 316 Questions 316 14 Network Troubleshooting 318 14.1. Overview 318 14.1.1. Objectives 319 4.2. Planning to Prevent Problems 320 14.2.1. Backups 320 14.2.2. Security 322 14.2.3. Documenting the Network 322 14.2.4. Standards 323 14.2.5. Upgrades 324
Contents, xi 14.3. Monitoring Network Activity 325 14.3.1. Performance Monitor 326 14.4. Troubleshooting the Network 326 14.4.1. Troubleshooting Procedures 326 14.4.2. Troubleshooting Tools 329 14.5. Information Resources 331 14.5.1. TechNet 332 14.5.2. Online Resources 333 14.5.3. Periodicals 334 Lab 335 Questions 335 A Glossary 338 B Answers to Review Questions 360 Chapter 2, "Introduction to Network Models and Components" 360 Chapter 3, "Network Types and Topologies" '. 362 Chapter 4, "Transmission Media" 363 Chapter 5, "Media Access" 364 Chapter 6, "LAN Architectures" 366 Chapter 7, "Network Protocols" 367 Chapter 8, "Network Design" 369 Chapter 9, "Network Server and Client Setup" 370 Chapter 10, "Network Administration" 371 Chapter 11, "Remote Access" 373 Chapter 12, "Expanding the Network" 373 Chapter 13, "Wide Area Networks (WANs)" 374 Chapter 14, "Network Troubleshooting" 375 C The Employable MCSE 378 C.l. Valuing Your Certification 378 C.l.l. Giving the Most, Getting the Most 378 C.2. Specializing in Your Field 379 C.2.1. Focusing Your Skills 379 C.2.2. Maintaining Your Certifications 379 C.2.3. Increasing Your Certifications 379 C.2.4. Corporate Views on Certification 380 C.2.5. Low-Cost Certification Preparation 380 C.3. Maintaining Your Technical Edge 381 C.3.1.Newsfeeds 381 C.3.2. Forums 381 C.3.3. Networking with Your Peers 382 C.3.4. Technical Conferences 382
xii I Teach Yourself MCSE Networking Essentials in 14 Days C.4. Increasing Your Opportunities 383 C.4.1. Finding a Job Online 383 C.4.2. High-Tech Recruiters 383 C.4.3. Self-Employed MCSEs 383 C.5. Overcoming the Technical Interview 384 C.5.1. Researching Potential Employers 384 C.5.2. Breadth and Depth 385 C.5.5. Developing Real-World Experience 387 C.5.6. Anticipating Interview Questions 387 C.5.7. Sample Questions 388 C.6. Summary 389 D Protocol Definitions and Standards 390 D.I. The Need for Standards 390 D.2. Standards Organizations 392 D.2.1. ANSI 392 D.2.2. EIA 393 D.2.3. EIA/TIA 394 D.2.4. IEEE 395 D.2.5. ISO 396 D.2.6. IEC 396 D.2.7. IAB 397 D.2.8. ITU 397 D.2.9.TIA 398 Index 400