Bluetooth Technologies

Bluetooth Technologies

Bluetooth more than you thought!

Where does the name come from? Danish King Harald "Blåtand" Gormsson Blatand = Bluetooth (Old Norse: Haraldr blátǫnn Gormsson, Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) (probably born c. 935) He was a King of Denmark and Norway. He was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod. He died in 985 or 986 having ruled as King of Denmark from c. 958 and King of Norway for a few years; probably around 970. Some sources say his son Sweyn Forkbeard forcibly deposed him.

Nordic Runes Alphabet

The key players

Bluetooth Software

Bluetooth Devices

Bluetooth Basics

The Vision A universal framework that offers a way to access information based on a diverse set of devices (e.g., PDAs, mobile PCs, phones, pagers, etc.) in a seamless, user-friendly and efficient manner.

1998 The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) is formed with five companies The Bluetooth SIG welcomes its 400th member by the end of the year The name Bluetooth is officially adopted 2000 First mobile phone with Bluetooth technology comes to market First PC card Prototype mouse and laptop demonstrated at CeBIT 2000 Prototype USB dongle shown at COMDEX First chip to integrate radio frequency, baseband, microprocessor functions and Bluetooth wireless software First headset is shipped

Connecting your headset

2001 First printer First laptop First hands-free car kit First hands-free car kit with speech recognition The Bluetooth SIG, Inc. is formed as a not-forprofit, non-stock corporation 2002 First keyboard and mouse combo First GPS receiver Bluetooth wireless qualified products hits 500 IEEE approves the 802.15.1 specification to conform with Bluetooth wireless technology First digital camera

2003 First MP3 player with Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Core Specification Version 1.2 adopted by the Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth product shipments grow to 1 million per week First FDA-approved Bluetooth medical system 2004 The SIG adopts Core Specification Version 2.0 Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) Bluetooth technology reaches an installed base of 250 million devices Product-shipment rate surpasses 3 million per week First stereo headphones

2010 SIG membership surpasses 13,000 companies The Bluetooth SIG headquarters moves to Kirkland, WA, USA The Bluetooth SIG announces the formal adoption of Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0 with low energy technology Profile Tuning Suite (PTS) v4.1 is launched, including Bluetooth low energy technology test suites 2014 SIG introduces Bluetooth 4.2, adds features for IP connectivity, privacy and speed Membership at the Bluetooth SIG hits 24,000 members CNET Joins the Breakthrough Awards as exclusive media partner The SIG expands Bluetooth World to three global event series Dr. Kamil A. Grajski, Qualcomm, joins the SIG Board of Directors Bluetooth hits 90 percent penetration in all mobile phones

Bluetooth v1.0 and v1.0b Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems and manufacturers had difficulty making their products interoperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process (rendering anonymity impossible at the protocol level), which was a major setback for certain services planned for use in Bluetooth environments.

Bluetooth v1.1 Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1 2002[43] Many errors found in the v1.0b specifications were fixed. Added possibility of non-encrypted channels. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).

Bluetooth v1.2 Major enhancements include the following: Faster Connection and Discovery Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum (AFH), which improves resistance to radio frequency interference by avoiding the use of crowded frequencies in the hopping sequence. Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbit/s, than in v1.1. Extended Synchronous Connections (esco), which improve voice quality of audio links by allowing retransmissions of corrupted packets, and may optionally increase audio latency to provide better concurrent data transfer. Host Controller Interface (HCI) operation with three-wire UART. Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1 2005[45] Introduced Flow Control and Retransmission Modes for L2CAP.

Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR This version of the Bluetooth Core Specification was released in 2004. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 Mbit/s, although the practical data transfer rate is 2.1 Mbit/s. EDR uses a combination of GFSK and Phase Shift Keying modulation (PSK) with two variants, π/4-dqpsk and DPSK. EDR can provide a lower power consumption through a reduced duty cycle. The specification is published as Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR, which implies that EDR is an optional feature. Aside from EDR, the v2.0 specification contains other minor improvements, and products may claim compliance to "Bluetooth v2.0" without supporting the higher data rate. At least one commercial device states "Bluetooth v2.0 without EDR" on its data sheet.

Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on 26 July 2007. The headline feature of v2.1 is secure simple pairing (SSP): this improves the pairing experience for Bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. See the section on Pairing below for more details. Version 2.1 allows various other improvements, including "Extended inquiry response" (EIR), which provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection; and sniff subrating, which reduces the power consumption in low-power mode.

Bluetooth v3.0 + HS Version 3.0 + HS of the Bluetooth Core Specification was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on 21 April 2009. Bluetooth v3.0 + HS provides theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 24 Mbit/s, though not over the Bluetooth link itself. Instead, the Bluetooth link is used for negotiation and establishment, and the high data rate traffic is carried over a colocated 802.11 link. The main new feature is AMP (Alternative MAC/PHY), the addition of 802.11 as a high speed transport. The High-Speed part of the specification is not mandatory, and hence only devices that display the "+HS" logo actually support Bluetooth over 802.11 high-speed data transfer. A Bluetooth v3.0 device without the "+HS" suffix is only required to support features introduced in Core Specification Version 3.0 or earlier Core Specification Addendum 1

Bluetooth v4.0 The Bluetooth SIG completed the Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.0 (called Bluetooth Smart) and has been adopted as of 30 June 2010. It includes Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth high speed and Bluetooth low energy protocols. Bluetooth high speed is based on Wi-Fi, and Classic Bluetooth consists of legacy Bluetooth protocols.

Bluetooth v4.1 The Bluetooth SIG announced formal adoption of the Bluetooth v4.1 specification on 4 December 2013. This specification is an incremental software update to Bluetooth Specification v4.0, and not a hardware update. The update incorporates Bluetooth Core Specification Addenda (CSA 1, 2, 3 & 4) and adds new features that improve consumer usability. These include increased coexistence support for LTE, bulk data exchange rates and aid developer innovation by allowing devices to support multiple roles simultaneously

New features of this specification include: Mobile Wireless Service Coexistence Signaling Train Nudging and Generalized Interlaced Scanning Low Duty Cycle Directed Advertising L2CAP Connection Oriented and Dedicated Channels with Credit Based Flow Control Dual Mode and Topology LE Link Layer Topology 802.11n PAL Audio Architecture Updates for Wide Band Speech Fast Data Advertising Interval Limited Discovery Time[72]

Bluetooth v4.2 Bluetooth v4.2 was released on December 2, 2014. It Introduces some key features for IoT. Some features, such as Data Length Extension, require a hardware update. But some older Bluetooth hardware may receive some Bluetooth v4.2 features, such as privacy updates via firmware. The major areas of improvement are: LE Data Packet Length Extension LE Secure Connections Link Layer Privacy Link Layer Extended Scanner Filter Policies IP connectivity for Bluetooth Smart devices to become available soon after the introduction of BT v4.2 via the new Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP). IPSP adds an IPv6 connection option for Bluetooth Smart, to support connected home and other IoT implementations.

Bluetooth Pairing

Bluetooth protocol stack Bluetooth is defined as a layer protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement protocols, telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols. Mandatory protocols for all Bluetooth stacks are: LMP, L2CAP and SDP. In addition, devices that communicate with Bluetooth almost universally can use these protocols: HCI and RFCOMM

Bluetooth in 5 minutes

Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Connecting Bluetooth to your PC

Bluetooth Classes

Bluetooth in Consumer Electronics

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