bas design Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang
Contents: Computer definition Computer literacy Computer components Computer categories Computer usage Tablet PC
Computer? Computer is an electronic machine: function based on instructions stored in memory unit can receive and manipulate data produce output and can store the output for future use comprises hardware and software
Computer Literacy Knowledge and understanding on computer and its usages Why computer literacy? Computer technology changes at high rate Computer usage in all aspects of everyday life
Computer Components C P U CONTROL UNIT A/L UNIT SYSTEM UNIT INPUT DEVICE MEMORY OUTPUT DEVICE SECONDARY STORAGE COMM. DEVICE PORTS
System Unit System unit is also called chasis which protect the various electronic components Motherboard is the main component in the system unit All computer components are connected to the motherboard Major components connected to motherboard include: Microprocessor (CPU) Memory Ports
samb. Components in Unit System CPU Sound card RAM Modem Video card Ethernet card
samb. Motherboard Motherboard is the main circuit board in unit system Motherboard is made up of various type of chips including CPU
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called microprocessor which interpret and execute all commands CPU influences the computer speed and manages the computer operations Manufacturers of CPU Intel Advanced Micro Device (AMD) Cyrix IBM Pentium IV Pentium II
samb. Special Microprocessors 1. Xeon Designed specially for servers Introduced in 2001 with the speed of 1.4 GHz Comprises 140 million transistors 2. Centrino Designed for notebook
samb. Early Microprocessors CPU Year Clock Speed 4004 1971 MHz 8008 1972 MHz 8088 1978 MHz 1 hertz = 1 cycle per second.
samb. 1982 286 Microprocessor Also known as 80286 Within 6 years, a total of 15 millions PCs were installed with this 286 microprocessor Clock Speed 6, 10 and 12 MHz
1985 386 Microprocessor Contains 275 thousands transistors A 32-bit microprocessor with multi tasking capabilities Clock Speed 16, 20, 25 and 33 MHz
1989 486 Microprocessor Support for point-and-click computing First to incorporate a built-in math coprocessor Clock Speed 25, 33 and 50 MHz
samb. 1993 Pentium Better supports for speech, sound handwriting and photographic images Clock speed 1993 60 and 66 MHz 1994 75, 90 100 MHz 1995 120 and 133 MHz 1996 150, 166 and 200 MHz
samb. 1997 Pentium II 7.5 million-transistors processor Designed in Single Edge Contact Cartridge Clock speed 1997 233 300 MHz 1998 333 450 MHz
samb. 1998 Celeron Designed for PC market users Clock speed 1998 266 333 MHz 1999 366 500 MHz 2000 533 766 MHz 2001 800 MHz 1.20 GHz 2002 1.30 2,20 GHz 2003 2.30 2.80 GHz 2004 2.40 2.80 GHz Celeron 2.9GHz
samb. 1999 Pentium III Incorporates 9.5 millions transistors Using 0.25-micron technology Clock speed 1999 450 600 MHz 2000 850, 866, 933 MHz 1 GHz
samb. 2000 Pentium 4 Supports for quality movies, render 3D graphics in real time Consisted 42 million transistors with 0.18-micron technology Clock speed 2000 1.40, 1.50 GHz 2001 1.70, 1.80, 1.90, 2.0 GHz 2002 2.20 3.06 GHz 2003 3.00 3.20 GHz 2004 3.00 3.40 GHz Pentium 4 4.3 GHz
2001 Itanium 64-bit high-end processor Design for enterprise-class servers and workstations New architecture Intel Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) Clock Speed 1 GHz
samb. 2003 Centrino Designed specially for notebook Clock speed: 2003 1.3 1.7 GHz 2004 1.5 2.0 GHz
2006 Core 2 Duo -- processors are up to 40 percent faster with improved energyefficiency -- Clock Speed 1.66-3 GHz
2008 Core i-7 The third generation Intel Core processor Clock Speed 2.66 GHz
Memory During computation, data and instructions will be stored in memory Also known as primary storage Memory stores: operating system application software data 2 types of memory: 1. Volatile memory Content will be lost upon computer shutdown 2. Nonvolatile memory Content will be retained even computer is closed
samb. Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is a volatile memory Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is the most commonly used RAM Variation of DRAM: Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) Double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) Direct Rambus DRAM (Direct RDRAM) Memory chip is placed in the memory module. Three types of memory modules: 1. Single inline memory module (SIMM) 2. Dual inline memory module (DIMM) 3. Rambus inline memory module (RIMM) SDRAM DDR SDRAM
samb. Read Only Memory (ROM) ROM is a nonvolatile memory Data stored in ROM is read only; cannot be changed Data will not be lost when computer is shutdown ROM chip contains data and instructions that are permanently kept as in BIOS
Ports External devices such as keyboard, monitor and printers are connected to unit system through cable Port acts as interface to unit system Port comprises male and female connector Example of ports Keyboa USB rd Serial port Monitor Game Network port Tel line Video in Cable TV Tetiku s USB Printer (parallel ) Speake r Microph one Tel line out
Keyboard USB Serial port Monitor Game port Network Tel line in Video out Tetikus USB Printer (parallel) Speaker Microphone Tel line out FM reception Cable TV
samb. Types of Ports Serial Data is sent one byte at a time Appropriate for device that does not require fast data. Example mouse and keyboard Parallel Data are transferred more than one bytes at one time Applied for printers Universal Serial Bus (USB) USB is used by most devices
Input Device Used to enter data and instructions to computer Examples
Output Device Used to display and produce output Examples CRT (cathode ray tube) LCD (liquid crystal display)
samb. Types of Printers Dot Matrix InkJet 4-in-One Laser Laser Color
Secondary Storage Used to store data and instructions permanently for future use Storage medium represents the physical material to keep data and instructions Storage device is the unit that access to and from the storage medium Example Storage medium Storage device Floppy disk Floppy drive Hard disk hard drive CD R, CD RW CD drive Removal disk Hard drive Flash drive 16MB 4GB CD drive
Communication Device Enabled computer users to communicate and exchange data Examples: Internal Modem External Modem Ethernet Card USB Network Adapter Access Point Hub Router
Computer Categories Computers are categorized based on size, speed microprocessor capabilities and price Main Categories: Personal computers (PC) Palmtop/Handheld computers Mid-range server Main-frames Supercomputers
Personal Computer (PC) A PC is a stand alone computer that can perform by itself all the input, processing output and storage functions Two types of popular personal computers: PC Apple Macintosh Two categories of computers: Desktop.. Workstation.. Server Notebook PC Power Mac
Palmtop Computer Palmtop/handheld/Pocket PC computers are small size computers that can be placed on palmtop Can be connected to PC Usually include an input device called stylus Examples: - Personal digital assistance (PDA) - Pocket PC
Mid-Range Servers A mid-range server is bigger and more powerful than a PC It can be connected to more than 4,000 computer at a time HP 9000 rp8420-32 Server
Mainframes Mainframe is much bigger and more expensive and powerful It can be connected to hundred of thousands users at one time It can process millions instructions per second Can store large amount of data, instructions and information IBM Mainframe zseries
Supercomputers Supercomputer is the most fastest and powerful computer It can process > 12 trillion instructions per second Manufacturers of supercomputers Cray Inc. IBM Cray X1E Supercomputer IBM Supercomputer
Computer Usage Home Education e-commerce Finance Telecommuting
Home Computer is an essential tool for home usage such as: Internet access search for information banking services online shopping Personal financial management Communication Entertainment
Education Advancement in computer has transformed the way people learn through: Computer-based training (CBT) or Computer-aided instruction (CAI) Web-based training (WBT) Distance learning (DL) Edutainment
e-commerce e-commerce involve business transactions through internet Can be done through computer or cellular phones e-commerce: overcomes barriers of time and distance facilitates global business Utilizes to purchase: computers books air tickets
Finance Computer can facilitates financial transactions such as: personal financial management using Quicken online banking online bill payments
Telecommuting Telecommuting refers to work arrangement in which employees works outside of normal working places Number of employees involve in telecommuting has increased from 4 millions (1990) to more than 20 millions (2004) Reasons for telecommuting: reduce time and transportation cost enable flexible working schedule provide conducive working environment