WAProtector Power System Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Bojan Mahkovec, Dr. Tadeja Babnik ELPROS, Slovenia Flavio Rabello NOVAKOASIN, Brasil Brasil April 2010 1
Presentation outline Presentation of the Wide Area Monitoring System WAProtector: Phasor data concentrator Real time data analysis and event detection Databases Visualization data presentation Configuration WAProtector series Experiences with integrated WAProtector Discussion 2
WAProtector Wide area power system protection device Multifuncional system Hardware scalable system Software scalable system Multi-user system Universal communication system 3
WAProtector TM WAMS-Introduction Classical SCADA/EMS control centres Nondeterministic data receiving with time resolution between 1 and 10 s. Data is not synchronised. WAProtector system Deterministic data receiving every 20 (16.66) ms. Each data is equipped with time tag with accuracy 1 s Data is synchronised by the satellite. Data acquisition from substations around the country or wider. Real-time data analyse with time synchronised data. 4
WAProtector - UniFusion platform based system RtFusion System for real-time data processing in intelligent electronic devices W3Fusion Multi-user Web SCADA for real-time data presentation UniFusion Engineering Studio Tools for design and configuration of UniFusion based solutions. 5
WAProtector TM WAProtector TM is a client-server oriented device, based on UniFusion engineering platform. WAProtector TM functionalities: Complex data concentrator Real-time data analysis, Data archiving, Data visualisation, Real-time data exchange. 6
Communication connectivity I 7
Communication connectivity II Communication connectivity with PMUs: IEEE 1344 (synchrophasor client driver), IEEE c37.118 (synchrophasor client driver). Communication connectivity with other TSO (PDC) : IEEE 1344 (synchrophasor server driver), IEEE c37.118 (synchrophasor server driver). Communication connectivity with other systems (SCADA/EMS) through standard protocols: IEC 60870-5-101/104, DNP 3.0, Etc. Special drivers Arbiter 1133A driver (PQM, waweforms) 8
Data exchange between TSO s Server PMU for data exchange between companies Concept is based on communication standard: IEEE c37.118 IEEE 1344 Data exchange is performed through different communication networks. Only user selected data is exchanged. 9
Real-time analysis I Time synchronized data in all analysis functions In real-time is performed: Stability detection functions: Phase angle diference detection, Low frequency oscillation detection, Voltage stability detection, Thermal monitoring detection, Over/under value detections, Synchro-check detection, Islanding detection, Oscillation source detection. Bus-bar topology (important for multi-bus systems) power calculation stabiliy detections 10
Real-time analysis II Signal processing functions: Fast Fourier transformation For analyzing low dynamical (static) situation; usually between 0.01 and 4 Hz Detection of permanent oscillation sources User programmable functions: Logical functions (and, or, ), Arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /, ), Comparison functions (>,<, =,...), Etc. Remedial action schemes Based on user programmable functions Based on detection functions 11
Low frequency oscillation detector Oscillation detections on: active power, frequency and angle difference. Problems when events in a power system cause big changes in power flows. This can cause un-damped power oscillations. Detection of power oscillation is divided into regions specific for certain phenomenon: 0.1 0.7 Hz inter-area oscillation 0.8-4 Hz local oscillations Exact regions depends on a network specifics. Low frequency oscillation function calculates: Dominant frequency, magnitude and damping factor Trigger status when the value is over the limits for the tolerant time 12
Oscillation detection case 13
Voltage instability detector Voltage violation can be caused by sudden change of load, unpredictable events resulted by the outage of power lines and/or generator in the power system. Based on voltage and current measurements, the voltage instability module: Calculates the transmission capacity, Calculates line or corridor voltage stability index Trig warning or alarm to the operator when stable transmission capacity is violated or in case of low voltage stability index. 14
Phase angle difference detector Phase angle function monitors the differences in the phase angles between two substations in the network. Phase angle difference increases with the loading of a power system. Phase angle difference information is also important for: successful connection of two substations. synchronization of two areas. Violation of threshold value trigs the alarm and alerts the operator. 15
Synchro-check adviser Classical SCADA doesn't give time synchronised data Useful when the big angle differences are present Detects the zone where circuit breaker can be switched on. Automatic When the phasor is inside the synchro-check cone command is sent automatically to the SCADA system or bay computer Manual Operator based on graphical visualisation of phasors manually trig the command by SCADA system. 16
Over/under value level detectors When the observed quantity exceeds (fall) the threshold value, it will trig monitoring function for over/under level detection. Each level detector is based on the concept of protection function. 17
Data storage I Type of data storage: Real-time circular database Events database Disturbance recording (oscillographies) database Real-time circular database data storage of measured and calculated values (i.e. I, U, f, P, stability indices, etc.) with max. sample rate 1 sample/cycle (50(60) samples/s). recommended minimum 7 days data storage usually 14 days. Events database events are recorded in the permanent data storage. events are used for real-time warnings and alarming post-mortem analysis. events can be trigged on: level detection, e.g. <U, >U, <f, >f, calculated values, etc. difference detection, e.g.. 18
Data storage II (Oscillographies) Disturbance recording (oscillographies) database length of disturbance recording is user settable settable pre/post-fault recording time disturbance recordings are permanently stored on the hard disk independent of the real-time circular database. Oscillography recoring triggers start/trigg outputs from detector functions Changes of logical operations results, etc. 19
Classical protection/waprotector Classical protection Data access parameters WAProtector Data access Direct to I/O units Over the network Data access time <1ms >20ms Data access accuracy high Depends of communication network reliability Protection/detection Protection reaction time <10ms >500ms Area of operation Local (Substation level) Inter-area (national/international) Types I>, U<>,f<>, Z<, Idiff Inter-area oscillation detection Local oscillation detection Angle difference detection, Voltage stability, Islanding detection, Oscillation source detection. Protection reaction Fault elimination Operator alert Operator alert RAS Automatic control Always Is possible but is rarely in practice Manual control by operator Only if automatic is not possible Usually 20
UniFusion Engineering Studio WAProtector TM configuration is performed in UniFusion Engineering Studio. Features: Configuration is performed by graphical functional blocks. Drag and drop environment. Complex process operation without programming. User-friendly design. Real time data diagnostics. Possibility of adding custom designed modules (additional option). 21
Configuring example 22
Visualisation System Visualisation system enables presentation of: real-time measurements and calculated values, All historical data from circular data base, events and alarms, event disturbance recordings, historical data stored on the local user computer Animation of past events. Flexible displays enable: Presentation of current data 2D and 3D time-based measurement curves and calculated values, Polar phasor diagrams, User designable data presentation. Multiple windows 23
Access to the visualisation Concept: Multi-user graphical interface (GUI) performed as WEB SCADA system Data access over the Internet by the startup from Internet browser. The latest version of GUI is automatically loaded on a client computer. GUI activates the visualisation and control according to the client rights. Client computer requirements: Internet browser.net Framework 3.0 24
User designable data views 25
Graphical objects Charts: Time 2D Time 3D Polar Multichart Bar graph Data views: Data value Data table Data list Display Complex value Arrow Etc. 26
Trend and historical presentation 27
Data export Purpose: post-mortem data exchange postmortem analysis in other tools like Matlab, Excel Event reports. Settable properties: Time range Sampling rate resolution Data list for export MS Excel specifisc requirements Formats: CSV (comma separated values) UDB (Elpros format) 28
Event signalisation Types of real-time event signalisation Real-time event list Audio alarms Alerts Signalisation by the data value: Normal level Warning level Alarm value Signalisation by data validation: Valid Invalid Offline 29
Geographical angle visualisation Two/three-dimensional map shows the voltage angles in different colours. This way the user can get a good picture in which regions is the power system more stressed. The user can select the refernce angle (zero point). 30
WAProtector series WAProtector 1000 Super phasor data concentrator Monitoring of the feeders up to 500 with full resolution PMU connections up to 100 (200) with full resolution 50/60 samples per seconds Data exchange with other TSOs PDCs Real-time stability detection Multi-user data visualisation Full resolution data archiving WAProtector 500 Substation level phasor data concentrator PMU connections up to 10 (optionaly to 20) Real-time stability detection Multi-user data visualisation Full resolution data archiving Drivers to super data concentrator controlled by data transfer capacity Embedded hardware platform 31
3 examples of captured recordings Disturbance on November 2006 when the UCTE interconnected grid split into three areas. Local oscillation of hydro power plant. Recording of the reconnection of the 400 kv line. 32
UCTE separation, Nov. 2006 Source: T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G.Sitar: The road from WAMS to WAPCS, Study Committee B5 Colloquium, October 19-24, 2009, Jeju Island, Korea, PS3-304 33
Local oscillation of generator Source: T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G.Sitar: The road from WAMS to WAPCS, Study Committee B5 Colloquium, October 19-24, 2009, Jeju Island, Korea, PS3-304 34
Reconnection of 400 kv line Source: T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G.Sitar: The road from WAMS to WAPCS, Study Committee B5 Colloquium, October 19-24, 2009, Jeju Island, Korea, PS3-304 35
WAProtector TM Summary The system enables real-time monitoring of large-scale power system. Alerts and alarms when stability problems are detected. Data exchange with existing control centres through standard communication protocols. Data exchange between different companies (PDCs). Real-time stability detection functions. Real-time data processing. Real-time processing of user configured functions (RAS). Off-line analysis and animations. Data export into different formats. Flexible data visualisation. Upgradeable system for additional functions. 36