Air-Side Economizer Cycles Applied to the Rejection of Data Center Heat B. Keith Dunnavant, P.E. Manager, Data Center Cooling Solutions Munters Corporation
Founded in 1955 Manufacturing & Sales Locations in 30 countries A Global leader in Air Treatment
Products Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Systems Indirect & Direct Evaporative Cooling Mist Elimination Systems Desiccant & Mechanical Dehumidification Data Center Heat Rejection Systems VOC Abatement
Direct Air-side Economizer MERV 13 filter MERV 8 Pre-filter - M Fan O/A R/A Relief Supply Air Plenum (Cold-Aisle) q ITE Server Racks
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR.025 A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutions www.munters.us 800-843-5360 dhinfo@munters.com PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 728 FEET Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG 40 75 45 80.024 Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant.023 Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022.022 email: keith.dunnavant@munters.com Date: 4/25/2012.021.020.019 80 WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F.018 Just Right 30 65 35 70 70 75 25%.017.016.015.014 Too Humid 14.5.013 25 60 65.012.011 59F dp Weather Data Location: CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA 55 90% 60.010 Weather Hours 11 to 1 22 to 12 33 to 23 44 to 34 55 to 45 66 to 56 77 to 67 88 to 78 99 to 89 0-5 0 0 5 12.0 5 10 5 10 15 20 15 12.5 20 10 25 30 25 35 30 15 40 35 13.0 45 40 20 50 45 50 13.5 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 55 Recommended 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 14.0 VOLUME- CU.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR 15% 6% 4% 2%.009.008.007.006.005 8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY.004.003.002.001 41.9F dp Too Dry -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F 64.4F db Too Hot 80.6F db
Use Direct Evaporative Cooling to Expand ASE Envelope 1. Cool Hot, Dry Air 2. Humidify in Winter 1 2 DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING A CONSTANT WET BULB PROCESS 2 HUMIDIFIES AND COOLS 1
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutions www.munters.us 800-843-5360 dhinfo@munters.com PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 67 FEET Prepared By:.028 Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters.027 Tel: 540-264-1022 email: keith.dunnavant@munters.com.026 Date: 1/22/2012 1/25/2012.025.024 Barometric Pressure - 29.915 Inches HG.023 80.022 35 40 45 75 With Warm Return Air 70 50 75 80 85 WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F Mix Cold Dry Outdoor Air Humidify with Direct Evaporative Media 85 85/74.3 90 14.5 25%.030.029.021.020.019.018.017.016.015 30 65 70 79.1/68.8.014.013 Weather Data Location: VANCOUVER, BRITISH_COLUMBIA, CANADA 25 60 90% 65 81.3/67.7.012.011 0 5 5 10 5 10 15 12.0 20 25/50% 15 25 20 10 30 25 35 30 12.5 15 40 35 45 40 20 50 45 13.0 55 50 55 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 60 Recommended 13.5 S/A Mix Class A1 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 14.0 VOLUME- CU.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR Return Air 15% 6% 4% 2%.010.009.008.007.006 8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY.005.004.003.002.001 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F
14.0 VOLUME- CU.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR.025 A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutions www.munters.us 800-843-5360 dhinfo@munters.com PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 23 FEET Barometric Pressure - 29.898 Inches HG 40 75 45 80 85.024 Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant.023 Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022.022 email: keith.dunnavant@munters.com Date: 4/25/2012.021.020.019 80 WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F.018 35 75.017 70.016.015 30 65 70 25%.014.013.012 25 60 65.011 Weather Data Location: SACRAMENTO_METROPOLITAN_AP, CALIFORNIA, USA Weather Hours 27 to 1 54 to 28 81 to 55 108 to 82 135 to 109 162 to 136 189 to 163 216 to 190 243 to 217 0-5 0 0 5 5 10 5 10 15 12.0 15 20 20 10 25 30 25 35 30 12.5 15 40 35 45 40 20 50 45 13.0 55 50 90% 80% 70% 55 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 60 Recommended 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 13.5 15%.010.009.008.007.006.005.004 Cool Hot Dry Air.003.002 95F cools to 75F 8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 6% 4% 2%.001-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F
Direct Evaporative Cooling
Mixing Box Wet Bulb Economizer Requires: Modulating O/A Dampers Pressure Controls Humidity Controls MERV 8 +13 Filters Does Not: O/A Reduce Cooling Load At WB Design VFD Controlled Relief Fans (Pressure Control) Return Damper MERV 8 + MERV 13 Filters Modulating Face & Bypass Dampers Supply Fans Cooling Coil R/A Direct Evaporative Cooling S/A
Direct Air-Side Economizer Takes advantage of cooler ambient conditions Outdoor air is delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall Requires Good Air Filtration Requires Relief fans or barometric relief Requires a good means of mixing O/A with R/A Requires a means of humidification for winter use Requires a means of accurately regulating the humidification Cannot be used during high ambient dew point conditions
Indirect Air Side Economizer Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger 75F 95F
Indirect Air-Side Economizer with Polymer Tube Heat Exchanger Condenser Coil 3 Operating Modes 1) Winter Dry HX 2) Summer Wet HX (IEC) 3) Summer Extreme IEC + DX 96.5F 76.6F 95F 100F db / 70F wb 75F
Indirect Air-Side Economizer Uses an air-to-air heat exchanger to reject heat from the data hall to a scavenger outdoor airstream Outdoor air IS NOT delivered DIRECTLY into the data hall Filtration may be eliminated from some units Room pressure is not impacted Room absolute humidity levels are not impacted CAN be used with great benefit during high ambient dew point And wet bulb conditions
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR Indirect Air-Side vs. Direct Air-Side Economizer.025 A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutions www.munters.us 800-843-5360 dhinfo@munters.com PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 728 FEET Barometric Pressure - 29.143 Inches HG Just Right 30 65 35 70 40 75 45 70 80 75.024 Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant.023 Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022.022 email: keith.dunnavant@munters.com Date: 4/25/2012.021 80 WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F.020.019 Indirect Evaporative.018 Heat Exchanger Provides.017 80% of Total Cooling.016 25%.015.014 Too Humid 14.5.013 25 60 65.012.011 59F dp Weather Data Location: CHARLOTTE_DOUGLAS_INTL_ARPT, NORTH_CAROLINA, USA 55 90% 60.010 Weather Hours 11 to 1 22 to 12 33 to 23 44 to 34 55 to 45 66 to 56 77 to 67 88 to 78 99 to 89 0-5 0 0 5 12.0 5 10 5 10 15 20 15 12.5 20 10 25 30 25 35 30 15 40 35 13.0 45 40 20 50 45 50 13.5 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 55 Recommended 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 14.0 VOLUME- CU.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR 15%.009.008.007.006 Indirect Evaporative.005 Heat Exchanger Provides.004 100% of Total Cooling.003 8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 6% 4% 2%.002.001 41.9F dp Too Dry -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F 64.4F db Too Hot 80.6F db
3 Primary Functions Required by the Data-Center Air Management System Heat Rejection Particulate Removal (Filtration) Ventilate & Control Pressure & Humidity
Data Center Heat Rejection Total Air Management Design Schematic integrating IASE
Make-up Air & Humidity Control Module Integrated with a Heat Rejection Unit
Polymer Tube HX module Flexible Polymer Tubes 8 feet length 75-80% approach to outdoor scavenger air wb 50-55% dry heat recovery
Close-up of tube face and water-tight seal
Water distribution nozzle
Bottom of Heat Exchanger Water Sprays on
Control/Electrical panels
Compressor vestibule
Aluminum mesh Scavenger air filter
Supply air isolation damper with walk on grating installed above
Benefits of IASE Cooling Systems Lowest life-cycle cost option for cooling data-centers in most climates Filters may be eliminated from 75% of the Cooling Units resulting in reduced maintenance and fan power Reduced risk from Outdoor Air Pollutants entering the data-center Dry heat exchange during cooler ambient conditions eliminates freeze concerns Recirculation air cooling does not impact space humidity. Reduced water consumption compared to data-centers cooled with conventional water-side economizer systems Rapid Restart following Power Loss No relief fans or space pressure controls required
Percentage Bin Hours Predicted Annual Hrs Mech. Cooling Active 1437 % Annual Hrs IEC Rejects 100% of load 83.6% Estimated system SEER 41.4 Annual COP = 12.1 / PUEc = 1.08 Percentage of cooling provided by Mechanical vs IEC 100% 90% 80% Mech. Cooling IEC Cooling Bin Hours 600 500 70% 60% 50% 400 300 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 79.0 73.0 67.0 61.0 55.0 49.0 43.0 37.0 31.0 25.0 19.0 13.0 7.0 1.0 Ambient WB Performance of IASE operating in Newark, NJ 95F hot-aisle cooling to 75F Cold-aisle 200 100 0
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR.025 A global leader in energy efficient air treatment solutions www.munters.us 800-843-5360 dhinfo@munters.com PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 1148 FEET 40 75 45 80.024.023 Prepared By: Name: Keith Dunnavant Company: Munters Tel: 540-264-1022.022 email: keith.dunnavant@munters.com Date: 2/20/2012 80 WET BULB TEMPERATURE - F.021.020 Barometric Pressure - 28.701 Inches HG.019 IEC Provides 80% Of total cooling When Ambient WB Is < 75F 30 65 35 70 70 75 25%.018.017.016.015.014.013 eather Data Location: OANOKE_REGIONAL_AP, VIRGINIA, USA Weather Hours 12 to 1 24 to 13 36 to 25 48 to 37 60 to 49 72 to 61 84 to 73 96 to 85 108 to 97 0-5 0 0 5 5 10 5 10 15 12.5 20 15 10 25 20 30 25 35 13.0 30 15 40 35 75F 45 40 20 45 25 55 50 13.5 50 90% 60 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 55 60 Recommended Class A1 65 10% RELATIVE HUMIDITY 14.0 DX 14.5 VOLUME- CU.FT. PER LB. DRY AIR IEC 95F 15% 6% 4% 2%.012.011.010.009.008.007.006.005 8% RELATIVE HUMIDITY.004.003.002.001-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F
Rooftop View of Polymer Tube IASE Units on Australian Data Center
Polymer Tube IASE Units Operating in Wenatchee, WA
Units Seismic Certified to Ip=1.5 42,000 CFM Operating in Alhambra, CA
IASE Designs using Indirect Evaporative Cooling Meet Current and Future Load Requirements Elevation = 1,175 ft (Roanoke, VA Now 150kW with 20F dt DB ( F) WB ( F) ACFM 1 (R/A) 95.0 68.6 25,874 2 97.2 69.3 25,975 3 84.0 65.3 25,362 4 (S/A) 75.0 62.3 24,941 5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 28,916 6 85.0 82.4 28,610 7 (E/A) 94.9 84.6 29,135 *Includes estimated supply fan heat 19.25 tons DX COP = 4.7 Future 253kW with 35F dt DB ( F) WB ( F) ACFM 1 (R/A) 115.0 74.2 25,874 2 117.2 74.8 25,975 3 88.7 66.8 24,692 4 (S/A) 80.0 64.0 24,298 5 (O/A) 95.0 80.0 27,910 6 87.8 85.2 27,865 7 (E/A) 97.5 87.1 28,355 95F db / 80F wb Outdoor air 18 tons DX COP = 7.9
25,000 CFM Standard Rooftop Unit (DX sized for extreme WB)
25,000 CFM Standard Rooftop Unit With MUA Humidity Control
25,000 CFM Standard Rooftop Unit with 100% DX
25,000 CFM Standard Perimeter Mount Unit
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