Bluetooth solution PCs Closed! Cell Phones Off! Marketing Assistant Manager - Magic Lin 林 lin.magic@tw.anritsu.com 0933-710-634 v.9 群 1 Bluetooth Core System Architecture 2
Bluetooth Core System Architecture_2 SCO ACL 3 MT885x Support Hardware Core spec v2.0 EDR + RF Test Spec RUN One touch testing 4
Piconet A piconet is an ad hoc collection of up to 8 Bluetooth devices. Master The Master provides clocking and hop sequence data for synchronisation of all devices in the piconet All devices in the same piconet have the same hop sequence 5 Scatternet Two or more piconets in the same area may establish ad hoc connections called scatternets Master Master 6
Piconet & Scatternet 7 Bluetooth Topology 8
Piconet Application(One to Seven) Master 9 True Connectivity in the home Get rid of the wires from your home PC WPAN Bluetooth WPAN Bluetooth WLAN 802.11b WLAN 802.11b WLAN 802.11b WLAN 802.11b WLAN 802.11b Use your laptop to wirelessly access information inside or outside your home WPAN Bluetooth Download your digital video clips and pictures wirelessly to you home TV WPAN Bluetooth 10
Product Qualification Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB) Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA) Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB) Bluetooth Technical Advisory Board (BTAB) 11 12
Test Concept 1 Test instrument establishes a link with the EUT 2 Test instrument puts EUT into Test Mode 3 Test instrument runs selected measurements 13 About Test Mode Test mode is defined in the Core Bluetooth Specification, 1.1 and is mandatory for product qualification. Test mode enables a test instrument to put the EUT into the following conditions: Loopback mode EUT returns the payload sent by the tester TX mode EUT sends a defined packet each time it receives a Null packet from the tester Payload - PRBS9(2 9-1), 10101010, 11110000 Hopping - On or Off Packet length Longest (DH1, DH3, DH5, DM1, DM3, DM5) 14
Bluetooth standard rate DH1/3/5 Packet Structure 72 bit access code 54 bit header 224, 1480, 2728 payload bits GFSK modulation Access code - used for Inquiry and Page information Header - Link control data Payload - transmitted information DH1 time 366us DH3 time 1.622ms DH5 time 2.87ms 15 Loopback mode_tdd (Time Division Duplex) 16
Bluetooth EDR Packet Structure 72 bit access code 54 bit header payload bits GFSK modulation π/4-dqpsk or 8DPSK (2Mbps) (3Mbps) 11us Synchronization sequence 5us Guard time (Guard band) 17 EDR ACL Packets 18
New Packet Formats for EDR Specification Revision BT time slots ACL data packets Gross data rate SCO audio packets esco extended audio packets 1.2 1 DM1 DH1 1Mbps HV1 HV2 HV3 EV3 2.0 1 2-DH1 3-DH1 2Mbps 3Mbps 2-EV3 3-EV3 1.2 3 DM3 DH3 1Mbps EV4 EV5 2.0 3 2-DH3 3-DH3 2Mbps 3Mbps 2-EV5 3-EV5 1.2 5 DM5 DH5 1Mbps 2.0 5 2-DH5 3-DH5 2Mbps 3Mbps 19 TX mode_ Null packet 20
Loopback & Tx mode 21 Audio 22
Bluetooth - Audio Specification On air-interface 64kbps log PCM or CVSD(Continuous Variable Slope Delta modulation) 200Hz to 4kHz Full duplex SCO link (circuit switch) Three codec standards, CVSD, u-law( by air ), A-Law ( by line) Packet type: HV1, HV2, HV3 ; EV3, EV4, EV5 (v1.2) ;2-EV3, 2-EV5, 3-EV3, 3-EV5 (v2.0) 23 Bluetooth - Audio Specification 24
Radio Bluetooth - Audio Specification 25 Applications-1 Analogue audio IN Analogue audio OUT Modulated RF looped back in EUT EUT CODEC Or use internal 1kHz tone User must put EUT into Remote Loopback with standard HCI commands 26
Radio Radio Applications-2 Analogue audio IN Modulated RF looped back in MT8852x EUT CODEC MT8852x put into Remote Loopback through user interface. Loopback is at Link Manager level. Analogue audio OUT EUT full audio path tested without the audio signal passing through the MT8852x codec 27 Applications-3 3 ; RLR_Receive RLR Loudness Rating Analogue audio OUT Modulated RF transmitted to MT8852A Analogue audio IN EUT CODEC 28
Radio Applications-4 4 ; SLR_Send SLR Send Loudness Rating Analogue audio IN Modulated RF transmitted to EUT EUT CODEC Analogue audio OUT Or use internal 1kHz tone 29 Audio 30
Audio 31 BlueSuite Pro Protocol Control 32
BlueSuite Pro - Audio 33 34
Automated measurement of audio frequency response and distortion (requires an additional Keithley audio generator/analyzer) 35 Perform an inquiry & pair with the headset 36
Bluetooth V1.2 AFH + Fast connection 37 V1.2 spec for MT8852x Includes: Faster connection Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) No relevance L2CAP flow and error control QoS clarification LMP and HCI improvements Extended SCO (esco) No development due to limited uptake by customers 38
Faster connection Reduces a Paged connection time from up to 2 seconds to typically <100ms Completely dependant on changes to protocol in the MT8852x is always the Master Connections will be faster today with MT8852x if the slave supports faster connection Total test time reduced as connection time is part of test time MT8852x displays Page connection time To enable measurement of connection time to any EUT 39 MT8852A AFH Measurements Screen from Anritsu MT8852A 40
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Specific channels are omitted from the pseudo random hopping sequence To work around interfering signals, e.g. 802.11b/g A minimum of 20 active channels must be maintained Channels for omission can be written to master (MT8850A) baseband 1. Through master HCI (using user interface or GPIB) 2. By LMP messages sent from slave Derived from slaves RSSI 41 Bluetooth Adaptive Frequency Hopping The Wireless Gentleman 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 GHz 42
ISM band muti users 802.11b user active 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 GHz 43 Bluetooth AFH implementation 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 GHz 44
ISM band muti users 45 Bluetooth AFH implementation 46
ISM band muti users 802.11g user active 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 GHz 47 Bluetooth AFH active 802.11b user active 802.11g user active BT signals 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 GHz 48
MT8852A AFH Measurements Screen from Anritsu MT8852A 49 Transmitter mode 50
List of Error Codes 51 52
53 54
Error Code Descriptions 55 BlueSuite Pro BBP 56
MT8852B Bluetooth Test Set Enhanced Data Rate 57 MT8852B EDR test set 58
What does it mean for RF testing? Bluetooth 2.0+EDR products must still meet all the 15 radio layer test cases from the 1.1 and 1.2 specification (FCC and ETS spurious now removed) 8 new radio layer test cases have been added for 2.0 product TX : 1. TP/TRM/CA/10/C (EDR Relative Transmit Power) 2. TP/TRM/CA/11/C (EDR Carrier Frequency Stability and Modulation Accuracy) 3. TP/TRM/CA/12/C (EDR Differential Phase Encoding) 4. TP/TRM/CA/13/C (EDR In-band Spurious Emissions) RX : 1. TP/RCV/CA/07/C (EDR Sensitivity) 2. TP/RCV/CA/08/C (EDR BER Floor Sensitivity) 3. TP/RCV/CA/09/C (EDR C/I Performance) 4. TP/RCV/CA/10/C (EDR Maximum Input Level) 59 What does it mean for RF testing? C/I and In-band spurious test case can be performed with MT8852B and second signal source plus spectrum analyzer 60
C/I and In-band spurious emission BT interferer (11110000, 10101010 only) combiner Device Under Test (With embedded Bluetooth interface) Bluetooth Test Set forming link with EUT 61 EDR Relative Transmit Power Displays from standard Anritsu ML2487A Power Meter Measure average power in GFSK portion and compare with average power in PSK portion of the EDR packet. Pass criteria = (P GFSK - 4dB) < P DPSK < (P GFSK + 1dB) 62
EDR Relative Transmit Power Displays from standard Anritsu ML2487A Power Meter Measure average power in GFSK portion and compare with average power in PSK portion of the EDR packet. Pass criteria = (P GFSK - 4dB) < P DPSK < (P GFSK + 1dB) 63 EDR Frequency Stability Carrier frequency stability Average frequency error of the GFSK portion of the EDR packet - ω i (Pass criteria ±75kHz) Average frequency error of each payload block - ω 0 (Pass criteria ±10kHz) Access Code Header Guard Sync Word Payload CRC +75kHz ±10kHz F c -75kHz Each payload block is 50µs long 64
EDR modulation accuracy Verification of EDR transmitter modulation accuracy Hopping Off 200 x 50µs payload blocks must be tested at each frequency RMS DEVM (Differential Error Vector Magnitude)of each 50µs block must be less than Pass criteria RMS DEVM < 20%, Peak DEVM <35% for 2Mbps payload RMS DEVM <13%,Peak DEVM <25% for 3Mbps payload 99% of all symbols <30% DEVM for 2Mbps payload 99% of all symbols <20% DEVM for 3Mbps payload 65 Bluetooth D-EVMD Symbol n Symbol n+1 Symbol n+2 Symbol n+3 The EVM is measured for each symbol relative to the actual phase of the previous symbol = ideal symbol position = actual symbol position 66
GFSK Vector diagram Used in first part of an EDR packet Constant power 67 EDR Modulation Accuracy 110 10 00 010 100 011 000 11 01 111 001 101 π/4-dqpsk 8 DPSK 68
π/4 DQPSK Vector Diagram 2 bits per symbol No zero power crossing Power has amplitude variations and ~3dB crest factor Allowed transitions are Data 00 01 11 10 Vector transition π/4 3π/4-3π/4 -π/4 69 8DPSK Vector Diagram 3 bits per symbol Zero power crossings do occur Power has amplitude variations and ~3dB crest factor Allowed transitions are Data 000 001 011 010 110 111 101 100 Vector transition 0 π/4 π/2 3π/4 π -3π/4 -π/2 -π/4 70
π/4 DQPSK & 8DPSK Constellation EVM measurement is absolute error of a given symbol Ideal vector Error vector Actual vector DEVM is measurement of relative EVM error from 1 symbol to the next The actual vector of the previous symbol is the reference The frequency error is removed. 71 EDR Differential Phase Encoding Testing on channel 0 only EUT transmits 100 packets with PRBS9 payload Tester checks CRC and counts number of failed packets Pass criteria is 99% packets have no errors 72
EDR Differential Phase Encoding Modulation Accuracy In this measurement, the payload is divided into blocks of 50 us and the DEVM is measured for each symbol in the block. The pass criteria for this test are as follows. RMS DEVM 20% for allπ/4-dqpsk blocks RMS DEVM 13% for all 8-DPSK blocks Peak DEVM 35% for all π/4-dqpsk symbols Peak DEVM 25% for all 8-DPSK symbols 99% DEVM 30% for 99% ofπ/4-dqpsk symbols 99% DEVM 20% for 99% of 8-DPSK symbols 73 EDR sensitivity test Verification of EDR receiver sensitivity with non-ideal (dirty) transmitter Hopping On and Off Pass condition is <7x10-5 after 1.6 million bits OR <1x10-4 after 16 million bits Dirty transmitter required -70dBm test level 74
EDR floor test Verification of EDR receiver residual BER Hopping On and Off Pass condition is <7x10-6 after 8 million bits OR <1x10-5 after 160 million bits No dirty transmitter required -60dBm test level 75 EDR Sensitivity EDR Sensitivity Test Summary: RX Sensitivity at -70dBm against a non-ideal transmit signal Test Metric: BER 0.007% over 16x10 5 bits BER 0.01% over 16x10 6 bits EDR Floor Sensitivity Test Summary: RX BER at -60dBm against a clean reference signal Test Metric: BER 0.0007% over 8x10 6 bits BER 0.001% over 16x10 7 bits EDR Maximum Input Power Level (2-DHx & 3-DHx3 DHx) Test Summary: RX BER at -20dBm against a clean reference signal Test Metric: BER 0. 1% over 16x10 5 bits 76
If you can not measure EDR items? 77 1. To change from Loopback mode to Tx mode 78
2. Disable EDR measurement 79 3. Using BlueSuite software BBP 80
Any Questions? 81