Lessons from Haiti: Innovation in Tracking and Housing Internally Displaced Persons Brookings Institution Washington, 13 th December 2012 IOM Haiti Mission 1
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DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX (DTM) Two complementary data gathering processes to determine the number of displaced; camps and IDP population profile. Both started in February 2010 and are still in use to track and monitor the displacement. CAMP BASED ASSESSMENT How many? Where? REGISTRATION: Detailed IDP Profiling Who? Results 3
How Many & Where? Camp Based Assessment How many & where? By July 2010: 1,5 million estimated in 1,555 IDP Sites (Camps) Phases of displacement tracking Registration Phase 4 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 Quarter Individual Assistance and De-registration Return and Referral Updating of Existing Registry Emergency Registration 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2010 2011 2012 2013 Camp Based Assessments 4
Trends in IDP Sites and population 1,500,000 IDP population 1,370,000 1,069,000 * 810,000 680,000 635,000 595,000 551,000 519,000 516,000 491,000 420,000 390,000 369,000 359,000 JUL '10 SEP '10 NOV '10 JAN '11 MAR '11 MAY '11 JUL '11 SEP '11 NOV '11 JAN '12 FEB '12 APR '12 JUN '12 AUG '12 NOV '12 1,555 1,356 1,199 1,152 1,061 1,001 894 802 758 707 660 602 IDP Sites 575 541 498 Spontaneous return Organized return & camp closure JUL '10 SEP '10 NOV '10 JAN '11 MAR '11 MAY '11 JUL '11 SEP '11 NOV '11 JAN '12 FEB '12 APR '12 JUN '12 AUG '12 NOV '12 Timeline of post earthquake displacement in IDP sites IDP population Phase 1 Phase 2 1,360,319 IDPs 53% F 47% M 321,235 HH (47% CENSUS) 1273 SITES 13 communes 167,824 IDPs 52% F 48% M 44,205 HH (12% PH1) 252 SITES 8 communes PH1 = 83% from Port au Prince & 17% from outside PH1 = 85% from the same commune & 73% from the same section communale PH2 2012= 63% from the same commune and 57% from the same section communale 5
Age and sex structure (1) Female R1 Females Census EQAA Male R1 M ales Census EQAA 60-64 50-54 Male R1 Female R1 Male R2 all Female R2 all 60-64 50-54 Male R2 2012 Female R2 2012 Male C PAP Female C PAP 60-64 50-54 40-44 40-44 40-44 30-34 30-34 30-34 20-24 20-24 20-24 10-14 10-14 10-14 0-4 0-4 0-4 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 Average age IDPs 24 23 & 24 in 2010 2011 and 2012 Average age HoH 38 37 & 36 in 2010 2011 and 2012 Dependency Ratio 49 in 2010 & 43 in 2012 Sex Ratio 87 93 & 94 in 2010 2011 and 2012 Who heads the household? Single male headed HH, from 16% to 23% in 2012 Average HH size from 4.2 to 3.4 in 2012 Average N of children <15 yrs per HH from 1.3 to 1 in 2012 Average N <15 yrs per HH Who heads the Household 2010 2011 2012 Couple headed HH 1.6 1.5 1.4 Female headed HH 1.1 1.1 1.0 Male headed HH 0.8 0.6 0.4 Average HH size Who heads the Household 2010 2011 2012 Couple headed HH 4.6 4.3 4.0 Female headed HH 4.0 3.8 3.3 Male headed HH 3.6 3.2 2.6 6
Education 56% Male & 53% Females 8% Males & 12% Females % Males % Females In school 8.0 36.2 12.3 34.5 Not in school Drop out 55.8 53.3 NER = 45.2 NER drops from 83 in Primary to 23 in Junior Secondary and to 15 in Senior Secondary DHS 2012 79 Primary NER in camps Occupation 66% Unemployment rate 24.6 Females 56.8 30.1 Males 50.9 Each working IDP supports 2.3 non working IDPs 18.5 Unemployed Not in the workforce Employed 19.0 54% unskilled workforce and informal occupation 28% skilled workforce (artisans / crafts and skilled manual workers) 4% Drivers and machine operators & technicians (non manual workers) 7
Ownership status 120% 100% Tenants 2010 Tenants 2012 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% % of tenants from 64% to 86% Owners who can repair from 20% to 6% Summary findings Over time older IDPs and children returned home and camps now show a population of young adults and increasing age of the head of households The ratio of females is decreasing The size of household is decreasing Most IDPs own identification documents, fewer in 2012 than in 2010 Primary NER is similar to the value in the neighborhood Unemployment and unskilled labor are predominant Most owners, especially those who could repair their homes, left and the proportion of tenants is increasing 8
Phase 3: Return and Referral IOM projects 2011/12 Targeted = 11,797 Returned = 11,736 Still in camps = 61 Phase 3: Return and Referral IOM & partners (*) in 2012 20.7% 62.0% 17.3% Done / in process Planned Gap (*) JP/HRO IFRC Concern WW- CRS WVI ACTED- CARE-GOAL -HELPAGE -MOFKA 9
Methods, technology & innovation DTM Methodology Data Collection Instruments Registration Form Household & Individuals details IDP Site Assessment Form Household Registration Card SN Database (SQL) (*) JP/HRO IFRC -??????? 10
DTM Methodology GIS & Mapping Points and polygons of the IDP Sites Street network Neighborhoods of Port au Price IOM GIS Unit data sources -Field surveyors -Satellite imagery -Cooperation with open source community -National Center for geospatial information DTM Methodology GIS & Mapping Aerial photo 1 11
DTM Methodology GIS & Mapping Aerial photo 2 DTM Methodology Registering Returnees from camp and follow up (Blackberry & android application) Data Generate Generate questionnaire questionnaire form form and Data Data Data Processing Processing for for and Collection convert convert it it to to Blackberry Blackberry Application. Collection output/reporting output/reporting Application. Text, Text, number, GPS number, GPS Image Image Data information Data information Establish Establish table table in in SQL SQL Server Server and and connection connection for for Web Web Service Service in in web web server server Retrieving Retrieving and and Sending Sending Data Data (Synchronize (Synchronize with with server) server) INTERNET (Encrypted Data) 12
Thank you Camera for aerial photo IOM DTM team in Haiti 13