BioFuel Graphing instructions using Microsoft Excel 2003 (Microsoft Excel 2007 instructions start on page mei-7) Graph as a XY Scatter Chart, add titles for chart and axes, remove gridlines. A. Select the data you wish to graph, in this case by dragging the cursor over the time and data columns, including the headings. B. Click the 'Chart Wizard' icon in the tool bar. C. Select chart type; for this example 'XY Scatter Chart' (with lines and markers). D. Click the 'NEXT' button twice to show the 'Chart Options' window. 1. The 'Chart Options' window allows changes to many chart properties; we'll change just two now: a. Titles Tab: Add a title for the Chart and add labels for the X and Y axes. b. Gridlines Tab: Unclick all boxes to hide gridlines. 2. Click 'Next' and then 'Finish' to display completed Chart. Table 1. Raw Data for Replicate # 1. time fructose 0 0 2 0.03 4 0.08 6 0.09 8 0.11 10 0.2 12 0.26 14 0.32 16 0.4 18 0.49 20 0.56 22 0.64 24 0.82 26 0.93 28 1.1 30 1.2 32 1.34 34 1.49 36 1.58 Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-1
Right-mouse click on chart features to change their properties. A. Make the background white. 1. Right-mouse click within the gray background of the chart area; then click on 'Format Plot Area NOTE: Clicking outside of the plot area will cause the 'Format Chart Area' option to appear 2. Click 'None' for 'Area' color option, then 'OK' B. Modify the titles, e.g., subscript the '2' in CO2. 1. To modify the text of the chart or axes titles, merely left-mouse click over them and modify the text. NOTE: Left-mouse click twice (click, pause, click) on the Y-axis title to edit it. (Do not double click rapidly) 2. To subscript, select the text to alter, and then right-mouse click to bring up the 'Format title' option. 3. Click on 'Format Axis Title', then on the 'Font' Tab. Next, then click the 'subscript' checkbox and then 'ok'. C. Change the color of the markers and lines of the curve. 1. Right-mouse click on the data line to be modified, and the click on 'Format Data Series'. 2. In the 'Patterns' Tab window, select the color for the line and for the marker 'foreground' and 'background'. NOTE: Do not select yellow as a color, because it is difficult to see when your graphs are printed. D. Remove the legend. 1. Click once on the legend (the word fructose ). 2. Press the delete key. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-2
Adding linear portion of the data to the graph. You want the trendline of the linear portion of the line ONLY, not of the entire line. Therefore, select each linear portion of the data in the table and add onto the graph. A. Add data series for the linear parts of the graphs. 1. Right-click over the chart area in order to edit the 'Source Data'; click on this option, and then the 'series' tab. 2. You will need to add a new data series representing the linear regions of the fructose data. a. Click the 'Series' tab, and then click on the 'Add' button. Add the linear part of the fructose data. b. Click on the red arrow to the right of the 'X-value' window, and then move back to the original data table and select the time values corresponding to the linear part of the fructose data set (20-36 minutes). c. Again click the red arrow in the small command window near the top of the window to enter these values. d. Now repeat the process for the 'Y-values': click on the red arrow, select the data measurements obtained for the 20-36 minute times, click the red arrow again to enter the data. e. Click 'OK'; You should now see a new line superimposed over the original one. B. Change the linear data series points 1. Right-click on series 2 data points. Click on format data series and then on patterns tab. 2. Under line, click none and under marker, click none. Click ok. C. Remove the 'Series 2' legend label. 1. Click on the legend box. 2. Click the 'delete' key on the keyboard. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-3
Adding the trendlines and equations showing the rates. Add a trendline to the linear fructose series. 1. Select the chart (not just the plot area), and then click 'Chart' on the menu bar at the top of the Excel window. 2. Select the 'Add trendline' option. 3. In the add trendline window, click on 'Series 2', then click on the 'Options' tab. 4. Click both the 'Display equation on chart' and Display R-squared value on chart checkboxes, and then 'OK' 5. Click on the equation and drag it to a position associated with the appropriate data series. 6. Next, click on the equation (you should see a box around the equation) and then change the font size of the equation using the font size box on the toolbar. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-4
Some general formatting guidelines A. Adjust the size, width and height of the graph for maximum clarity of all the curves. Most of the space should be occupied by the graph itself, not the labels. B. Adjust the size of the whole chart area. 1. Left-click on the whole chart area. 2. Click and drag the little black squares around the chart area to get the desired size. C. Adjust the size of the graph within the whole chart area. 1. Left click in the graph. 2. Click and drag the little black squares around the graph area to get the desired size. D. The labels should not overpower the graph: change the font size of the title, each axis label, the numerical axis marks, the legend and the trendline equation (try size 12 for the title, 10 for labels of axes and equations, 8 for axis marks and legend). 1. Left-click on item to be changed (ex. X-axis label). 2. Use the font size box and the font style box on the toolbar. E. Move the trendline equations around for maximum clarity. 1. Left-click on the equation. 2. Click and drag. Include your completed figure(s) in your lab report. A. Select the graph (the entire chart area) to be copied into the word processor document. B. Select 'Edit' on the Excel menu bar, and the click 'Copy' C. Open the word processor document, and click 'paste special' in the edit menu D. Select 'picture', then 'OK.' NOTE: On some computers, you may not have the option of 'paste special'. If this is the case, click 'paste' instead. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-5
Presenting Data in Summary Tables and Charts This type of data is properly summarized in a Column Graph. Table 2. Yeast respiration rates (ml CO 2 / min) in presence of different types of sugars. Type of sugar glucose fructose lactose no sugar rate (replic 1) 0.07 0.075 0.01 0 rate (replic 2) 0.082 0.055 0 0 rate (replic 3) 0.072 0.065 0 0 average rate 0.076 0.065 0.005 0 Many of the steps to prepare this type of graph are the same as those you used to graph the raw data. Thus, you should create titles, remove gridlines, and change the plot area color as previously described. Figure 2. Effect of Sugar Type on Yeast Fermentation Average ferm entation rate (m l CO 2 /m in) 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.076 0.065 0.005 0 glucose fructose lactose no sugar Type of sugar Some key steps to setting up the graph are: 1. Highlight the column label headings, and then hold the 'control' key down while highlighting the row of average values. 2. Click the 'Chart wizard' icon, and select the 'columns' type bar graph. Click next twice. 3. In the 'Chart Options" window, under 'data labels', click "Show value'. 4. Click 'Titles' tab and add a title for the chart and add labels for X and Y axes. Using the skills you have already learned, present the following data as a scatter graph: Table 3. Respiration rates (ml CO 2 / min) in mixtures containing different quantities of yeast. Concentration of yeast (% w/v) 0 2 4 8 10 rate (replic 1) 0 0.02 0.04 0.052 0.075 rate (replic 2) 0 0.044 0.05 0.068 0.075 rate (replic 3) 0 0.035 0.056 0.061 0.095 average rate 0 0.033 0.049 0.060 0.082 Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-6
BioFuel Graphing instructions using Microsoft Excel 2007 Graph as a XY Scatter Chart, add titles for chart and axes, remove gridlines. A. Select the data you wish to graph, in this case by dragging the cursor over the time and data columns, including the headings. B. Click Insert tab to pull up the insert tool bar. C. From the chart section of the tool bar, select chart type; for this example 'XY Scatter Chart' (with straight lines and markers). D. Click on the chart area to open the chart tool bar on the top of your screen. Under the layout tab: 1. Insert a chart title by clicking on chart title and choosing Above Chart option. To change the title of the graph, left click over the textbox that says Chart Title. Delete the current contents and type in your figure title. 2. Insert axes titles by clicking on axis titles. First choose Primary horizontal axis title then Title below axis to insert a title for the x axis. Add a title for the y axis by choosing Primary vertical axis title under the layout tab, then rotated title. Change the title of the axes the same way you changed the chart title. E. To hide the gridlines, right-click on a gridline, so that circles appear on all gridlines and a drop down menu appears. Choose delete. Table 1. Raw Data for Replicate # 1. time fructose 0 0 2 0.03 4 0.08 6 0.09 8 0.11 10 0.2 12 0.26 14 0.32 16 0.4 18 0.49 20 0.56 22 0.64 24 0.82 26 0.93 28 1.1 30 1.2 32 1.34 34 1.49 36 1.58 Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-7
Right-mouse click on chart features to change their properties. A. Modify the titles, e.g., subscript the '2' in CO2. 1. To modify the text of the chart or axes titles, merely left-mouse click over them and modify the text. NOTE: Left-click twice (click, pause, click) on the y axis title to edit it. (Do not double click rapidly) 2. To subscript, select the text to alter, and then right click. Make sure your chosen text is still highlighted, click Font, check the box next to Subscript and then click ok. B. Change color of the markers and lines of the curve 1. Right-click on the data line to be modified, and the click on 'Format Data Series'. 2. In the 'marker options' Tab window, select Built-in and change to your desired shape. Change color by first selecting marker fill and then solid fill and click on the desired color. Secondly, select marker line color and then solid line and click on the desired color. (These two steps change the outline color of your marker). To change the color of the line between the markers, choose line color, then solid line and click on the desired color. NOTE: do not select yellow as a color, because it is difficult to see when your graphs are printed. C. Remove the legend. 1. Click once on the legend (the word fructose ). 2. Press the delete key. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-8
Adding linear portion of the data to the graph. You want the trendline of the linear portion of the line ONLY, not of the entire line. Therefore, select each linear portion of the data in the table and add onto the graph. A. Add data series for the linear parts of the graphs. 1. Right-click over the chart area in order to edit the 'select Data'; click on this option, and then the 'add' button. 2. You will need to add two new data series representing the linear regions of the fructose and glucose data. a) Click the 'add' button. Let's add the linear part of the fructose data first: b) Click on the red arrow to the right of the 'X-value' window, and then move back to the original data table and select the time values corresponding to the linear part of the fructose data set (20-36 minutes). c) Again click the red arrow in the small command window near the top of the window to enter these values. d) Now repeat the process for the 'Y-values': click on the red arrow, select the data measurements obtained for the 20-36 minute times, click the red arrow again to enter the data. e) Click 'OK'; You should now see a new line superimposed over the original one. B. Change the linear data series points 1. Right-click on series 2 data points. Click on format data series. 2. Under marker options, click none and under marker fill, click none. Do the same for line color and marker line color. Click close. C. Remove the 'Series 2' legend label. 1. Click on the legend box, and then on the 'Series 2' label. 2. Click the 'delete' key on the keyboard. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-9
Adding the trendlines and equations showing the rates. A. Add a trendline to the linear fructose series. 1. Select the chart (not just the plot area), and then click 'format' on the menu bar at the top of the Excel window. 2. Under the Current Selection group, click the pull-down menu on the top and choose the series to wish you want to add a trendline ( series 2 ). 3. Under the Layout tab, click on Analysis', then click on 'trendline' and choose more trendline options. 4. Under the trendline options tab, choose linear trendline and click the 'Display equation on chart' and Display R-squared value on chart checkboxes, and then 'close ALTERNATIVELY, you can right click on the series of interest, choose add trendline from the menu box and start from step 4. B. Click on the equation and drag it to a position associated with the appropriate data series. C. Next, click on the equation (you should see a box around the equation) and then change the font size of the equation using the font size box on the toolbar, under the Home tab. D. Remove the 'Linear Series 2' legend label. 1. Click on the legend box, and then on the 'Linear Series 2' label. 2. Click the 'delete' key on the keyboard. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-10
Some general formatting guidelines A. Adjust the size, width and height of the graph for maximum clarity of all the curves. Most of the space should be occupied by the graph itself, not the labels. B. Adjust the size of the whole chart area. 1. Left-click on the whole chart area. 2. Click and drag the little black squares around the chart area to get the desired size. C. Adjust the size of the graph within the whole chart area. 1. Left click in the graph. 2. Click and drag the little black squares around the graph area to get the desired size. D. The labels should not overpower the graph: change the font size of the title, each axis label, the numerical axis marks, the legend and the trendline equation (try size 12 for the title, 10 for labels of axes and equations, 8 for axis marks and legend). 1. Left-click on item to be changed (ex. X-axis label). 2. Use the font size box and the font style box on the toolbar. E. Move the trendline equations around for maximum clarity. 1. Left-click on the equation. 2. Click and drag. Include your completed figure(s) in your lab report. A. Select the graph (the entire chart area) to be copied into the word processor document. B. Under the Home tab, in the clipboard group, select 'Copy.' C. Open the word processor document, and click paste in the home menu. Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-11
Presenting Data in Summary Tables and Charts This type of data is properly summarized in a Column Graph. Table 2. Yeast respiration rates (ml CO 2 / min) in presence of different types of sugars. Type of sugar glucose fructose lactose no sugar rate (replic 1) 0.07 0.075 0.01 0 rate (replic 2) 0.082 0.055 0 0 rate (replic 3) 0.072 0.065 0 0 average rate 0.076 0.065 0.005 0 Many of the steps to prepare this type of graph are the same as those you used to graph the raw data. Thus, you should create titles, remove gridlines, and change the plot area color as previously described. Figure 2. Effect of Sugar Type on Yeast Fermentation Average ferm entation rate (m l CO 2 /m in) 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0.076 0.065 0.005 0 glucose fructose lactose no sugar Type of sugar Using the skills you have already learned, present the following data as a scatter graph: Table 3. Respiration rates (ml CO 2 / min) in mixtures containing different quantities of yeast. Concentration of yeast (% w/v) 0 2 4 8 10 rate (replic 1) 0 0.02 0.04 0.052 0.075 rate (replic 2) 0 0.044 0.05 0.068 0.075 rate (replic 3) 0 0.035 0.056 0.061 0.095 average rate 0 0.033 0.049 0.060 0.082 Microsoft Excel Instructions Page mei-12