INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION EMF Standards for 5G technologies Human exposure compliance assessment procedures for mobile device and network equipment operating from 6-100 GHz Mike Wood Chairman IEC TC106 Telecom ParisTech EMF Day 21 December 2017 Copyright IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
Presentation Overview What is 5G? Benefits to society of 5G How does 5G work? 5G Standards Challenge EMF Standards for 5G 5G Compliance Assessment Methods 5G Device and Base Station Assessments Conclusions
What is 5G? 5G is the 5th generation of mobile networks Extreme speeds - Gbps High Capacity 10x Low Latency 1ms Analogue Digital SMS Multimedia Video Calling Mobile internet Mobile Broadband Enhanced Video Mobile Connected World Enhanced Mobile Broadband Low latency applications Internet of Things AR & VR
5G Connecting the Community 5G will enable the connectivity of today s modern society, the Internet of Things and tomorrow s innovations. 5G uses radio waves or radio frequency (RF) energy to transmit and receive voice and data connecting our community.
Benefits to society 5G opens up a new world of connectivity and benefits.
Benefits to society connected farms 5G enabling smart agriculture and connected farms through new IoT applications connecting everything low power long range sensors smart data management By 2023 connected farms will be standard practice
How does 5G work? 5G works together with 4G (initially non standalone NSA) 4G acts as control plane 5G acts as data/user plane 5G will operate stand alone in later releases Early 5G deployments will work together with 4G
How does 5G work - spectrum <1 GHz Coverage, IoT, 1-6 GHz Coverage, IoT, Capacity > 6 GHz Capacity, extreme data rates
5G Standards Overview There is a rapid development of new wireless technologies in the frequency range 6-100 GHz There is a requirement to ensure that human exposure compliance assessment procedures are developed for - devices used in close proximity to the head and body - base stations and network equipment Existing compliance assessment standards only go to 6GHz 2018-5G Test and Demonstration Networks 2019-5G Technology standards finalised 2020-5G Commercial Systems Challenge - TC106 has responsibility to develop assessment standards for devices and networks to 100GHz (by 2018) 9
EMF Standards for 5G Human Exposure Standards set by Health Authorities & Governments (Global ICNIRP/WHO, & Local - ARPANSA) Compliance Standards set by International Standards Organisations (Global - IEC, ITU, & Local - Standards Australia) Key Point Global approach provides harmonised standards for communities, governments, industry and stakeholders 10
5G Exposure Limits Frequency bands available for 5G extend up to 100 GHz For frequencies above 10GHz, SAR is not a valid compliance assessment as the RF energy is only deposited into the skin and near body surface resulting in surface heating. The International (ICNIRP) exposure guidelines require the assessment of incident power density at frequencies above 10GHz. Likewise, the US exposure limits (IEEE standard C95.1 2005) requires the assessment of incident power density above 6 GHz. ICNIRP Guidelines for Human Exposure Between 100 khz and 10 GHz, basic restrictions on SAR are provided to prevent whole-body heat stress and excessive localized tissue heating; in the 100 khz 10 MHz range, restrictions are provided on both current density and SAR. The localised head and body general public SAR limit is 2.0 W/kg Between 10 and 300 GHz, basic restrictions are provided on incident power density to prevent excessive heating in tissue at or near the body surface. The localised head and body general public incident Power Density limit is 10W/m 2 11
5G Compliance Assessment Standards 5G Devices (e.g. handsets, hotspots, modems, sensors) IEC device testing procedure is required by 2018 for the 5G trials An IEC Technical Report was developed in 2017 that specifies the generic high level measurement requirements (AdHoc Group 10) IEC TR 63170 ED1 Measurement procedure for the evaluation of power density related to human exposure to radio frequency fields from wireless communication devices operating between 6 GHz and 100 GHz Hz An IEC International Standard to commence drafting in 2018 using the Technical Report as the starting point to be completed by 2020 - Joint IEC/IEEE numerical assessment standard lead by IEEE - Joint IEC/IEEE measurement assessment standard lead by IEC 12
5G Compliance Assessment Standards 5G Devices AHG10 evaluated the challenges of device measurements with multiple technologies and 5G New Radio Source Ericsson presentation to IEC AHG10 13
5G Device Technical Report Overview Source Ericsson presentation to IEC AHG10 14
5G Device Compliance Assessment Method IEC Technical Report Test methods 15
5G Device Test systems Laboratory 5G device compliance test systems Nearfield probe Device under test placed here Waveguide probe Two example robotic laboratory test systems were presented at the 2016 BioEM conference MMF 5G workshop - http://www.bioem2016.org/mmf-workshop 16
5G Compliance Assessment Standards 5G Networks & Radio Base Stations IEC62232 ED2 published in 2017 - extends to 100GHz (5G) A case studies Technical Report supporting IEC 62232 for 5G compliance assessment procedures is being developed - demonstrates base station assessment methods Case studies - Small cells - Macro cells - 3G,4G,5G Macro - MIMO beam steering Source Ericsson 5G and Health 17
5G Base Station 15GHz Test Bed Assessment using IEC 62232 EME Assessments for 5G Base Stations Computer modelling Field Measurements Laboratory Measurements 5G Base Station Antenna Field Measurements Phased antenna array at the Ericsson 5G Test Bed Source Ericsson presentation Calculations matched measurements using IEC 62232 Verifies approach Public Exposure Limit = 1.0m Worker Exposure Limit = 0.4m Lab Measurements Note: The Broadband probe as shown here is mainly used for field measurements. This test was a laboratory check 18
5G Small Cell Assessment using IEC 62232 5G Base Station Antenna Field Measurements Lab Measurements 19
5G Macro Cell Assessment using IEC 62232 5G Base Station Antenna Field Measurements International standards IEC 62232 and ITU-T K.100 open up for use of actual maximum power to perform realistic EMF compliance assessments. Statistical model to determine actual maximum power of 5G massive MIMO antennas has been developed: found to be around 25% of theoretical maximum power for 8x8 array antennas. Lab Measurements 20
Challenges for 5G & EMF Standards Globally harmonised EMF exposure limits Revised ICNIRP, IEEE, FCC exposure guidelines are critical esp for 5G devices >6GHz Development and implementation of new network and device testing procedures to meet technology evolution
Conclusions 5G will unlock significant benefits for citizens, communities, industries, and countries Revised ICNIRP, IEEE, FCC guidelines are essential to enable harmonised global standards IEC/IEEE has implemented a strategy to ensure international test procedures are available for the 5G trial networks in 2018 and commercial deployments in 2020 The IEC focus is to ensure EMF compliance assessment standards are ready to meet the deployment of 5G technology
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION THANK YOU Copyright IEC, Geneva, Switzerland